scholarly journals WYKORZYSTANIE WZORCÓW POŚREDNICH DO BUDOWY MIERNIKÓW SYNTETYCZNYCH

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Binderman ◽  
Bolesław Borkowski ◽  
Wiesław Szczesny
Keyword(s):  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Large Corporation ◽  
Direct Continuation ◽  
Business Units

The work is a direct continuation of the series of authors articles concerning the construction of new indicators of classification. In the present paper, a manner of classification of objects which is based on three model objects is proposed. An example of the actual distribution of a bonus fund among business units in a large corporation demonstrates the usefulness of such an approach. Studies have shown that this method is very useful for organizing and grouping objects.

scholarly journals Power in office: presidents, governments, and parliaments in the institutional design of contemporary democracies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ieraci
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Presidential Systems

Abstract The institutional design of democratic regimes has attracted much attention from a legal and political perspective, because it affects the actual distribution of power among political actors and the effectiveness of their decisions. The article advances a classification of the democratic institutional design, with particular reference to the triangular interactions among Presidents, Governments, and Parliaments. Moving from the assumption that the arrangements among these three top political institutions identify the main patterns of the democratic government, the distinction among Parliamentary, Presidential, and Semi-Presidential systems set by the constitutional law is rejected and a new classification schema is advanced. In this new perspective, the institutional design of democracy consists of the institutional roles of authority, procedural resources attached to them and arenas of confrontation among the roles.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic context of the trade branch development and position in Czech Republic

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Marek Záboj
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Branch Development ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given

The paper deals with analysis of the macroeconomic associations of trade development and its position in Czech Republic as one of the national economy branch. The development of main macroeconomic indicators for period of 1998–2004 is completed and then it follows up with progress of the trade structures and trade chains. In that frame the given indicators (number of registered and active business units in trade, turnover and number of employees) are monitoring according to Economic Subjects Register (provided by Czech Statistical Office) and Classification of Economic Activities in the European Union. On the basis of research of consulting and research institutions the overview and turnover comparison for TOP 10 trade firms for period of 2000–2004 is carried out. Inseparable part of the paper is analysis of the Czech Republic foreign trade results. In this field the export, import and trade balance are discussing on the one hand in general and on the other hand in territorial and commodity structures.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Identification of Morphological Characters Suitable for Delimitation of Taraxacum Species Distributed in Northeastern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie WU ◽  
Qun Liu ◽  
Wei Ning ◽  
Wei Cao ◽  
Yanping Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Group I ◽  
Its Sequence Analysis

Abstract Background The genus Taraxacum F.H. Wigg. (fam. Compositae, subfam. Liguliflorae) includes about 300 species globally. Seventy-nine are widely distributed throughout China, mostly in southwestern and northwestern regions. The genus has adopted different reproductive strategies, and there is weak reproductive isolation and differentiation between species. Unresolved species boundaries make classification and identification of Taraxacum species is difficult. Taraxacum germplasm resources in northeastern China are not current and therefore, do not accurately reflect actual distribution. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological traits of Taraxacum species distributed in northeastern China and identify those that will facilitate classification of Taraxacum species in this region.Methods Leaf, flower, and achene characteristics of 18 species were used for morphological classification. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine pollen morphology. Leaf extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography to measure the caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and luteolin content. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were used to determine the sequence pairwise differences among the species and their utility in delimitation.Results The taxa were classified into groups based on morphology. Beak length to achene length ratio was a new taxonomically informative morphological trait for delimitation. The ITS sequence analysis supported the classification of the taxa, but genetic distances among the taxa did not reflect morphological differences. Phylogenetic analysis resolved the eighteen species into three groups. Group I: T. coreanum, (which has white flowers). Group Ⅱ: T. heterolepis, T. sinomongolicum, T. variegatum, T. asiaticum, T. lonchophyllum, T. falcilobum, T. brassicaefolium, and T. erythropodium. Group Ⅲ: T. formosanum, T. liaotungense, T. mongolicum, T. borealisinense, T. ohwianum, T. platypecidum, T. urbanum, T. antungense, T. asiaticum, and T. junpeianum. The chemical composition of the species is not suitable for their delimitation; T. antungense is a potential medicinal plant with therapeutic properties since it had the highest concentration of phytochemicals.Conclusions This study completes the classification and delimitation of the Taraxacum germplasm resources present in northeastern China and supplements the "Flora of China". The study thus provides information that will help to further develop Taraxacum medicinal resources and regulate Taraxacum medicinal use in traditional Chinese medicine.

scholarly journals CORRUPTION AS A SYSTEMIC PROBLEM OF FINANCIAL SECURITY IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesya Yastrubetska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Preparatory Stage ◽  
Enterprise Level ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Relationship

The article substantiates the need for a systematic analysis of the phenomenon of corruption in business. The evolution of the concept of «corruption» from the general understanding as an anti-moral social phenomenon to its analysis through a political, socio-economic and legal prism is studied. The author made a comprehensive analysis of Ukraine's anti-corruption position in recent years. The dynamics of change of the international index of perception of corruption in Ukraine is investigated. It is also considered how the indicator of corruption control in the legal and political sub-index of the International Property Rights Index (IPRI) has changed. In addition, the dynamics of change in the bribery risk index in Ukraine is analyzed. The author also reveals the peculiarities of the relationship between the state and business and the presence of cases of corruption in them by analyzing the results of a survey of representatives of business entities. The article proposes a classification of corrupt actions in business by the following characteristics: the subject, type and frequency of corrupt actions, the initiator of corrupt actions. The author describes the corrupt relationships of employees with contractors, in particular when paying for products with forged documents, when receiving / providing products in violation of quality standards, when concluding knowingly unfavorable financial agreements, when concluding fictitious non-commodity agreements, criminal inaction under improper execution of agreements, upon receiving additional loyalty. The need to combat corruption has led to the development of an organizational model for the implementation of anti-corruption policy in enterprises, which includes the preparatory stage, assessment of the anti-corruption position of the enterprise and the implementation of anti-corruption measures in the enterprise. The article also identifies the principles that must be followed in the implementation of anti-corruption policy at the state level and business units. Among the national principles it is proposed to take into account the following: clarity of anti-corruption legislation, transparency and consistency of government action in the field of anti-corruption, efficiency of law enforcement and judicial systems, irreversibility of punishment for corruption, compliance of domestic anti-corruption legislation with international law, media impartiality citizens. At the enterprise level, it is recommended to adhere to the following principles of anti-corruption policy: compliance of the company's anti-corruption policy with anti-corruption legislation, documentation of anti-corruption measures at the enterprise, accessibility of anti-corruption principles to employees and partners, ensuring confidentiality in informing employees. who provided information on cases of corruption, a personal example of zero tolerance for corruption on the part of the owners and the head of the enterprise, the irreversibility of punishment for corruption.

scholarly journals A gestão de design na concepção de novos produtos: uma ferramenta de integração do processo de gestão e inovação

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-360
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Machado Padilha ◽  
Filipe Freitas de Carvalho ◽  
Paloma De Mattos ◽  
Silvana Saionara Gollo
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
A Company

The article aims at developing a framework for the management of design focused on maximizing the flow of information in the development of innovative products at competitive organizations. The methodology used in the study was based on the theory raised by means of literature review, outlining a qualitative research, exploratory in nature, through case study. The variables worked led the analysis, identification and classification of the process of developing products in four companies of different branches of industrial activity. The work started from the assumption that the design, incorporated in the organizational structure of a company through the management of design and integrated with other business units, strengthens the strategy of organizations.

Note on the spectral classification of carbon stars in the photographic infrared region

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Y. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Region ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Carbon Stars

We have investigated the spectrograms (dispersion: 8Å/mm) in the photographic infrared region fromλ7500 toλ9000 of some carbon stars obtained by the coudé spectrograph of the 74-inch reflector attached to the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The names of the stars investigated are listed in Table 1.

Diagnostic Value of Electron Microscopy in Soft Tissue Tumors

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Gerald Fine ◽  
Azorides R. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myxoma ◽  
Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Good Agreement

For years the separation of carcinoma and sarcoma and the subclassification of sarcomas has been based on the appearance of the tumor cells and their microscopic growth pattern and information derived from certain histochemical and special stains. Although this method of study has produced good agreement among pathologists in the separation of carcinoma from sarcoma, it has given less uniform results in the subclassification of sarcomas. There remain examples of neoplasms of different histogenesis, the classification of which is questionable because of similar cytologic and growth patterns at the light microscopic level; i.e. amelanotic melanoma versus carcinoma and occasionally sarcoma, sarcomas with an epithelial pattern of growth simulating carcinoma, histologically similar mesenchymal tumors of different histogenesis (histiocytoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma, lytic osteogenic sarcoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma), and myxomatous mesenchymal tumors of diverse histogenesis (myxoid rhabdo and liposarcomas, cardiac myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, etc.)

Ultrastructure of mesotheliomas

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Irving Dardick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Spindle Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

With the extensive industrial use of asbestos in this century and the long latent period (20-50 years) between exposure and tumor presentation, the incidence of malignant mesothelioma is now increasing. Thus, surgical pathologists are more frequently faced with the dilemma of differentiating mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma and spindle-cell sarcoma involving serosal surfaces. Electron microscopy is amodality useful in clarifying this problem.In utilizing ultrastructural features in the diagnosis of mesothelioma, it is essential to appreciate that the classification of this tumor reflects a variety of morphologic forms of differing biologic behavior (Table 1). Furthermore, with the variable histology and degree of differentiation in mesotheliomas it might be expected that the ultrastructure of such tumors also reflects a range of cytological features. Such is the case.

Interpreting HVEM of muscle-cell impulse networks

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
Paul DeCosta ◽  
Kyugon Cho ◽  
Stephen Shemlon ◽  
Heesung Jun ◽  
Stanley M. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Automatic Classification ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Analysis Algorithm ◽  
Structural Networks

Introduction: The analysis and interpretation of electron micrographs of cells and tissues, often requires the accurate extraction of structural networks, which either provide immediate 2D or 3D information, or from which the desired information can be inferred. The images of these structures contain lines and/or curves whose orientation, lengths, and intersections characterize the overall network.Some examples exist of studies that have been done in the analysis of networks of natural structures. In, Sebok and Roemer determine the complexity of nerve structures in an EM formed slide. Here the number of nodes that exist in the image describes how dense nerve fibers are in a particular region of the skin. Hildith proposes a network structural analysis algorithm for the automatic classification of chromosome spreads (type, relative size and orientation).

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

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