scholarly journals Observed duration and average and maximum grain filling rates in wheat genotypes of different earliness

Genetika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Milka Brdar ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
And Control

Grain yields of wheat (Triticum aestivitm L) are influenced partly by final grain dry weight, which is largely determined by the rate and duration of the grain filling process. A study was undertaken to compare the observed final grain dry weight of five groups of wheat genotypes differing in earliness (extra early, medium early, medium late, late and a control group of high yielding NS cultivars) with the observed duration and average and maximum rates of grain filling in two different environments. Correlation coefficients were used to determine which grain filling parameter had more influence on final grain dry weight, in an environment common for our country (2002), final grain dry weight was strongly positively correlated with the average and maximum rates and strongly negatively correlated with the duration of grain filling. The medium late and control groups had the highest final grain dry weights. Correlations between final grain dry weight and the duration and average rate of grain filling were positive in an unfavorable environment (2001). The NS cultivars and extra early genotypes had the highest final grain dry-weights. The rate and duration of grain filling are usually negatively correlated. The influence of grain filling parameters on final grain dry weight is not the same in different environments, so the ability of the genotype to compensate for the low grain filling rate with grain fill prolongation in unfavorable environments might be more important. The observed average grain filling rate is probably more important as a parameter for describing these processes than the maximum one.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spring Wheat Genotypes (Triticum Aestivum L.) for Heat Stress Tolerance Using Different Stress Tolerance Indices

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Khan ◽  
M.R. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance ◽  
Late Sowing

Abstract Twenty five spring wheat genotypes were evaluated for terminal heat stress tolerance in field environments in the Agro Ecological Zone-11 of Bangladesh, during 2009-2010 cropping season. The experiments were conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, using randomized block design with three replicates under non-stress (optimum sowing) and stress (late sowing) conditions. Seven selection indices for stress tolerance including mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were calculated based on grain yield of wheat under optimum and late sowing conditions. The results revealed significant variations due to genotypes for all characters in two sowing conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first PCA explained 0.64 of the variation with MP, GMP, YI and STI. Using MP, GMP, YI and STI, the genotypes G-05 and G-22 were found to be the best genotypes with relatively high yield and suitable for both optimum and late heat stressed conditions. The indices SSI, YSI and TOL could be useful parameters in discriminating the tolerant genotypes (G-12, G-13, and G-14) that might be recommended for heat stressed conditions. It is also concluded from the present studies that biomass, grain filling rate and spikes number m-2 are suitable for selecting the best genotypes under optimum and late sowing conditions because these parameters are highly correlated with MP, GMP, YI and STI. However, high ground cover with long pre heading stage and having high grain filling rate would made a genotype tolerant to late heat to attain a high grain yield in wheat.

scholarly journals Identification of genotypes and marker validation for grain filling rate and grain filling duration in wheat under conservation agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajbir Yadav ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Soma Gupta ◽  
K. B. Gaikwad ◽  
Neelu Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

Increase in ambient temperature beyond threshold level as predicted by global climate models may impact wheat production severely in India if it happens during grain filling stage. Grain filling rate (GFR) and grain filling duration (GFD) are critical determinant for final grain yield realization in wheat. GFR in wheat follow a slow-fast-slow pattern, however, wheat genotypes may have quantitative differences in this pattern. Ninty six diverse wheat genotypes were evaluated for GFR in two phases i.e. during first 20 days after anthesis and thereafter up to physiological maturity and grain filling duration. Out of 96 genotypes, six namely, G958, G1203, G1219, G1275, HD2985 and HDCSW18 were having high GFR during initial phase while seven genotypes viz., G949, G1081, G1124, G1159, G1204, HD3059 and HD2380 exhibited high GFR at terminal phase of grain development. Genotypes, G1263, G1207, G1423 along with some of the released varieties, HD2285, WH1105 and HD2864 were having higher GFD. Correlation between the two traits were not significant (r = -0.17959). ANOVA for GFR and GFD indicated highly significant variability among the genotypes. QTLs identified for GFR and GFD elsewhere were validated in Indian breeding material under conservation agriculture. Two SSR markers viz., XCfd42 and Xwmc500 explained about 6% and 1% variation for GFR, respectively. Similarly, already reported marker Xwmc382 was able to explain about 8% of variation for GFD in the Indian breeding material. It has been postulated from the study that by crossing the genotypes with high GFR in different grain growth stages like HD CSW 18 and HD 3059, genotypes with consistently high grain filling rate throughout the grain growth stage can be developed. The markers XCfd42 and Xwmc 382 can be further explored for fine mapping to integrate in the breeding programme for selection.

scholarly journals Regulation of Subsoiling Tillage on the Grain Filling Characteristics of Maize Varieties From Different Eras

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-qing WANG ◽  
Xiao-Fang YU ◽  
Ju-Lin GAO ◽  
Da-Ling MA ◽  
Liang LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
The Other ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Appearance Time ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Filling Characteristics

Abstract Grain filling is the key stage for achieving high grain yield. Subsoiling tillage has been widely used as a conservation tillage method in the maize planting region of China. This study was conducted to explore the effects of subsoiling on the grain filling characteristics of maize varieties of different eras. Five typical maize varieties from different eras (1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s) were used as trial materials with two tillage modalities: rotation tillage and subsoiling tillage. The characteristic parameters and rate parameters of grain filling were compared and analyzed using the selected tillage modalities. The results showed that the grain filling parameters of the 2010s variety were better than those of the other varieties, and these differences mainly manifested in the filling rate parameters of the rapidly increasing and slowly increasing periods. In comparison with rotation tillage, subsoiling improved the maximum grain filling rate and the grain growth during the period of the maximum grain filling rate to different degrees. In addition, subsoiling delayed the appearance time of the maximum grain filling rate, extended the grain filling duration, and improved the mean filling rate. These differences are major reasons for the significant increase in 100-kernel dry weight at harvest for subsoiling in comparison with rotation tillage. Moreover, subsoiling enhanced the filling rate parameters during the rapidly increasing and slowly increasing periods. The filling stage filling duration and filling rate of maize varieties of different eras showed different responses to subsoiling. For example, the grain filling rate parameters of the 2010s variety during the rapidly increasing period were more sensitive to subsoiling in comparison with those of the other varieties.

scholarly journals Grain filling parameters and yield components in wheat

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Brdar ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski ◽  
Marija Balalic-Kraljevic
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

Grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is influenced by number of grains per unit area and grain weight, which is result of grain filling duration and rate. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between grain filling parameters in 4 wheat genotypes of different earliness and yield components. Nonlinear regression estimated and observed parameters were analyzed. Rang of estimated parameters corresponds to rang of observed parameters. Stepwise MANOVA indicated that the final grain dry weight, rate and duration of grain filling were important parameters in differentiating among cultivars grain filling curves. The yield was positively correlated with number of grains/m2, grain weight and grain filling rate, and negatively correlated with grain filling duration. Correlation between grain weight and rate of grain filling was positive. Grain filling duration was negatively correlated with grain filling rate and number of grains/m2. The highest yield on three year average had medium late Mironovska 808, by the highest grain weight and grain filling rate and optimal number of grains/2 and grain filling duration.

scholarly journals Response of spring wheat genotypes to organic farming systems in low-fertility soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((04) 2019) ◽  
pp. 616-621
Author(s):  
Nasser S. AL Ghumaiz ◽  
Mohamed I Motawei ◽  
Abdulrahman A Al Soqeer
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Grain Filling Rate

Low-fertility soil is considered a major challenge for growing wheat (Triticum aestivum) in organic systems. The objective of this study was to identify spring wheat genotype(s) adapted to growing in organic systems with low-fertility soil compared with conventional systems in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Organic and conventional trials were established during the 2010, 2011 and 2012 growing seasons in the arid environment of central region of Saudi Arabia. Both trails were seeded in a sandy loam soil. Eight bread wheat genotypes were evaluated for the following parameters: grain and straw yields, grain-filling rate (GFR), days to heading (DTH), days to maturity (DTM), number of kernels per spike and 1000-kernel weight. The experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The findings showed that there were significant differences in grain and straw yields between the two systems and among genotypes. The Egyptian genotypes 'Sids 12' and Early-line produced the highest grain yields (7.8 tons ha-1) in the conventional system, whereas in the organic system, Yocora Rojo (control genotype) and Early-line produced the highest yields (5.8 and 5.9 tons ha-1, respectively). Grain and straw yields were higher in 2011 and 2012 growing seasons compared to 2010. Early-line and ICARDA genotypes (IC8 and IC17) had the highest grain-filling rate, whereas the Australian genotypes (P5 and P3) and the local genotype 'Sama' had the lowest grain-filling rate. The genotype Early-line had the shortest time to heading and maturity in both systems. Therefore, Early-line and Yocora Rojo are promising bread wheat genotypes for organic production systems in low-fertility soil.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Study Model Analysis: Clefts of the Secondary Palate

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mccance ◽  
David Roberts-Harry ◽  
Martyn Sherriff ◽  
Michael Mars ◽  
William J.B. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
And Control

The study models of a group of adult Sri Lankan patients with clefts of the secondary palate were investigated. Tooth-size and arch-dimension comparisons were made with a comparable control group. Significant differences were found between the cleft and control groups in tooth sizes, chord lengths, and arch widths. The cleft group dimensions were generally smaller than those of the control group. Overjets were larger in the cleft group.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING ANIMAL CARTOON PICTURES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasanul Arifin Zul And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Written Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This thesis is focused on the investigation of the effect of applying animal cartoon pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. This study aims to find whether applying animal cartoon pictures significantly affect the students’ writing achievement or not. The data in this study were obtained by administering a written test. The population was the 2015/2016 first year (grade XI) of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam and 66 students were taken as the sample by using random sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by applying animal cartoon pictures while the control group without animal cartoon pictures (x = lecturing). The data were taken the scores from the pre-test and post-test to both experimental and control groups. These data were analyzed by using t-test. The result of computing the t-test obviously showed that t-observed is higher than t-table (5.21 >1,67) with the degree of freedom 64 (df =N-2) at the level significance 0,05 one tail test. It showed that the application of animal cartoon pictures significantly affected the students of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam achievement in writing narrative text.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL AT THE THIRD GRADE OF SMK PAB 3 MEDAN ESTATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryanti Napitupulu And Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of applying Demonstration Method on students’ achievement in speaking skill. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XII, Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: SMK), which consisted of 79 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.7, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 77, t-observed value 8.9 > t-table value 1.99. The findings indicate that using Demonstration Method significantly affected the students’ achievement in speaking skill. So, English teachers are suggested to use Demonstration Method in order to improve students’ achievement in speaking skill.

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazli Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

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