Shoot and root dry weight in drought exposed tomato populations

This research was conducted with the aim to among forty-one tested tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) populations distinguish those tolerant to limited water supply. Tolerance assessments were performed by using sixteen drought stress selection indices calculated on the basis of tomato shoot and root dry weight yields determined at water stress and non-stress conditions. Populations were differentiated in groups using the method of cluster analysis. The pot experiment was set in controlled greenhouse conditions and comprised optimally irrigated control and drought treatment (35.0 and 20.9% volumetric soil water content, respectively), imposed at the phase of intensive vegetative growth. The experiment was conducted at the Institute for Vegetable Crops in Smederevska Palanka, Serbia. The analyzed tomatoes exhibited significant differences in terms of response to limited irrigation, which had more pronounced effect on shoot dry weight than on the roots (average decrease of 64.4 and 35.7%, respectively). Consequently, root fraction in the total dry weight increased at drought for 68.2% on average. Shoot and root dry weights were positively correlated at optimal irrigation but not in drought, implying genotypic differences in terms of root adjustments to stress conditions. As for the calculated selection indices, substantial variation was found among the populations enabling their ranking in terms of drought tolerance. Since ranking was not the same in all cases, clustering the populations was performed taking into account all sixteen selection indices. The results of this analysis indicate that populations designated with numbers 126, 124, 131, 125, 128, 105, 101, 138, 110, 132 and 109 in Institute for Vegetable Crops germplasm collection exhibit satisfactory level of drought tolerance at vegetative phase and therefore may be used as parents in breeding programs.

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Brassinosteroids Regulate Antioxidant System and Protect Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Autotoxicity-Stressed Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9050265 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 265 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ping Yang ◽

Muhammad Azher Nawaz ◽

Fuxin Li ◽

Lisha Bai ◽

Jie Li

Keyword(s):

Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Cucumis Sativus L

Autotoxicity is a common problem being faced in protected vegetable cultivation system. Phytoremediation of plant autotoxicity is an emerging concept to minimize deterioration of soil environment and reduction of yield and quality of vegetable crops. Brassinosteroids (BRs) have been reported as a potential phytohormone to assist phytoremediation. However, the effects of BRs-induced autotoxicity stress on plant growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant defense system are poorly understood. Hence, we focused on the changes in physiological characteristics and ultrastructure of cucumber leaves in response to the application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) under autotoxicity stress conditions. The results showed that leaf area, plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of cucumber were obviously decreased under autotoxicity stress conditions. EBR application obviously improved the phenotypic characteristics of cucumber seedlings. Chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of cucumber leaves were markedly reduced under autotoxicity stress conditions. Application of EBR improved the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a by 15.80%, chlorophyll b by 18.70% and total chlorophyll content by 17.30%), net photosynthetic rate by 36.40% and stomatal opening of leaves under autotoxicity stress conditions. EBR application also maintained the integrity of chloroplast and thylakoid structures under autotoxicity stress conditions. The activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and antioxidative compounds ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents were markedly decreased, however, these were obviously increased after EBR application under autotoxicity stress. EBR application also increased the soluble sugar and protein, and proline concentration by 59.70%, 7.22% and 36.58%, respectively in the leaves of cucumber, decreased malondialdehyde by 24.13% and reactive oxygen species contents (H2O2 by 35.17%, O2− by 12.01% and •OH by 16.59%), and reduced the relative permeability of the cell membrane by 14.31%. These findings suggest that EBR application enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, maintained the integrity of chloroplast and thylakoid structures, and effectively alleviated the damage of membrane caused by lipid peroxidation and root damage under autotoxicity stress conditions. The growth inhibition effect of autotoxicity stress on cucumber was reduced by EBR application.

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Co-inoculation of rhizobacteria promotes growth, yield, and nutrient contents in soybean and improves soil enzymes and nutrients under drought conditions

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-01337-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dilfuza Jabborova ◽

Annapurna Kannepalli ◽

Kakhramon Davranov ◽

Abdujalil Narimanov ◽

Yuriy Enakiev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Soil Enzymes ◽

Crop Production ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Abiotic Factor ◽

Drought Conditions

AbstractDrought stress is the major abiotic factor limiting crop production. Co-inoculating crops with nitrogen fixing bacteria and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improves plant growth and increases drought tolerance in arid or semiarid areas. Soybean is a major source of high-quality protein and oil for humans. It is susceptible to drought stress conditions. The co-inoculation of drought-stressed soybean with nodulating rhizobia and root-colonizing, PGPR improves the root and the shoot growth, formation of nodules, and nitrogen fixation capacity in soybean. The present study was aimed to observe if the co-inoculation of soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr.) nodulating with Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 and PGPR Pseudomonas putida NUU8 can enhance drought tolerance, nodulation, plant growth, and nutrient uptake under drought conditions. The results of the study showed that co-inoculation with B. japonicum USDA110 and P. putida NUU8 gave more benefits in nodulation and growth of soybean compared to plants inoculated with B. japonicum USDA110 alone and uninoculated control. Under drought conditions, co-inoculation of B. japonicum USDA 110 and P. putida NUU8 significantly enhanced the root length by 56%, shoot length by 33%, root dry weight by 47%, shoot dry weight by 48%, and nodule number 17% compared to the control under drought-stressed. Co-inoculation with B. japonicum, USDA 110 and P. putida NUU8 significantly enhanced plant and soil nutrients and soil enzymes compared to control under normal and drought stress conditions. The synergistic use of B. japonicum USDA110 and P. putida NUU8 improves plant growth and nodulation of soybean under drought stress conditions. The results suggested that these strains could be used to formulate a consortium of biofertilizers for sustainable production of soybean under drought-stressed field conditions.

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CULTIVAR AND IBA CONCENTRATION INFLUENCE ROOTING OF BUDDLEIA

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.3.426b ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 426b-426

Author(s):

C.C. Montgomery ◽

B.K. Behe ◽

D.J. Eakes ◽

T.S. Krentz ◽

V.V. Allen

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Root Length ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Rooted Cuttings ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Landscape Plant ◽

Butterfly Bush

Buddleia, or butterfly bush, is a popular landscape plant because it attracts wildlife and has some heat and drought tolerance. Dirr and Heuser reported that softwood cuttings of most cultivars rooted well with a basal treatment of 3000 ppm IBA. A rooting study of 11 Buddleia cultivars was conducted in Sept. 1993 and was repeated in May 1994. Terminal softwood cuttings were treated with a quick dip of 0, 1500, 3000, 6000 ppm K-IBA. Generally, increasing rates of IBA increased root count and decreased root length. Root dry weight was minimally affected. `Royal Red', `Empire Blue', and `Lochinch' had 94% to 95% rooted cuttings. Other cultivars rooted equally better. Most cultivars produced shorter, more numerous roots in spring when a higher IBA concentration was used.

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GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN THE GROWTH OF BANANAS (MUSA SPP.) INFECTED WITH MIGRATORY ENDOPARASITIC NEMATODES. 1. ROOTS

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479707004978 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 331-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. A. KALORIZOU ◽

S. R. GOWEN ◽

T. R. WHEELER

Keyword(s):

Root Morphology ◽

Primary Root ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Root Mass ◽

Root Number ◽

Root Characteristics ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Primary Roots ◽

Resistant Varieties

The effects of nematodes on root morphology and the association of root characteristics with resistance to nematodes of seven banana varieties were investigated in two experiments. Banana plants were grown in controlled conditions within polytunnels and harvested on three occasions for the measurement of root morphology and biomass. Varieties differed in their resistance to nematodes, from resistant (Yg Km5, FHIA 17, FHIA 03) and partly resistant (FHIA 01, FHIA 25) to not resistant ((FHIA 23, Williams). Nematodes reduced the root dry weight of FHIA 01, FHIA 17 and FHIA 23 at some harvests. Primary root number was on average 9.5% lower in nematode-infected plants than controls, with no differences among the varieties. Thus, there was no simple association between the resistance of these varieties and their tolerance to nematodes. Varieties differed in root morphology. Root dry weight was greatest for resistant varieties Yg Km5 and FHIA 03, and least for non-resistant varieties FHIA 23 and Williams. Thus, resistance to nematodes was associated with varieties with greater root mass and more and larger primary roots.

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Root and Agro-Morphological Traits Performance in Cowpea under Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10101604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1604

Author(s):

Ricardo Santos ◽

Márcia Carvalho ◽

Eduardo Rosa ◽

Valdemar Carnide ◽

Isaura Castro

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Root:Shoot Ratio ◽

Essential Step ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Drought Tolerant

Drought is responsible for major yield losses in many worldwide crops and is expected to occur more frequently due to climate change. Cowpea, one of the most drought tolerant legumes, stands as a promising crop in the future climatic context. The screening for genotypes well adapted to this constraint is an essential step to improve cowpea production. A collection of 29 cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) from the Iberian Peninsula and 11 other countries from worldwide regions was grown and submitted to drought stress using pipes with 30 cm (control) and 90 cm (stress) of height in which water was supplied through the bottom. A set of root and agro-morphological parameters were evaluated, including shoot and root dry weight, root:shoot ratio and stem greenness. Overall, results show that under drought stress, plants seem to invest in root development and reduce shoot biomass. Higher root dry weight under drought conditions could be related to a higher drought tolerance in cowpea. Based on the evaluated traits, it was possible to identify genotypes, particularly C47 (Iran), C56 and C11 (Portugal), which might represent promising cowpea genetic resources for improved drought tolerance breeding.

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Heterosis analysis in relation to drought tolerance in rice land races and their genotypes

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v6i2.540 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 804-811

Author(s):

R. Ushakumari ◽

R. Muthukamatchi ◽

G. Thamodharan

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Ratio ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Standard Heterosis

An experiment was conducted in rice to study the heterosis for drought tolerance and grain yield in 24 hybrids developed from six landraces viz., Kallurundaikar, Kuliadichan, Kuruvaikalangiam, Mattaikar, Nootripathu and Vellaichithiraikar used as lines and four high yielding varieties viz., PMK 3, MDU 5, ASD 16 and ADT 36 used as testers for physio-morphological traits by Line x tester analysis. The experimental results revealed that the hybrids viz., Nootripathu / MDU 5, which had significant standard heterosis for eight characters namely days to 50% flowering, plant height, productive tillers, root length, root dry weight, root : shoot ratio, harvest index and grain yield per plant, Nootripathu / PMK 3 exhibited significant standard heterosis for seven characters namely plant height, root length, root dry weight, root : shoot ratio, 100 grain weight, harvest index, and grain yield per plant were found to be superior hybrids over the standard check variety PMK 3. High proline content which is an index for drought tolerance was recorded in hybrid Kuruvaikalangiam / ADT 36 (11.94%) exhibited significant standard heterosis which is found to be drought tolerant among the hybrids.

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Waterlogging at tillering affects spike and spikelet formation in wheat

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp15417 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (7) ◽

pp. 703 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

I. Arduini ◽

C. Orlandi ◽

S. Pampana ◽

A. Masoni

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Development Stage ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

The Impact

Waterlogging stress is one of the limiting factors influencing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Wheat tolerance to waterlogging is related to the duration of the waterlogging event, the crop development stage in which waterlogging occurs, and the sensitivity of genotype. In this paper we investigated the impact of eight waterlogging durations (from 0 to 60 days) imposed at 3-leaf and 4-leaf growth stages (~30 and 40 days after sowing) on grain yield, grain yield components, straw and root dry weight and nitrogen concentration of grain, straw, and roots of two cultivars of wheat. The results showed that of the two cultivars, one (cv. Blasco) was tolerant to waterlogging and the other (cv. Aquilante) was sensitive, thus confirming that there are high genotypic differences in terms of tolerance to waterlogging in wheat. The sensitive cultivar showed a significant reduction in grain yield and straw and root dry weight only when waterlogging was prolonged for more than 20 days. Waterlogging depressed the grain yield of the sensitive cultivar, slowing tiller formation and consequently preventing many culms from producing spikes. It slowed down spikelet formation, consequently reducing the number of spikelets per spike, and reduced floret formation per spikelet, thus reducing the number of kernels per spike.

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Shoot and root dry weight and soil water in wheat, triticale and rye

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps91-005 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 41-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Q. Sheng ◽

L. A. Hunt

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Total Plant ◽

Volumetric Soil Water

Dry matter distribution between the shoots and root was evaluated for three cereal cultivars, one each of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) and rye (Secale cereale L.). Evaluations were made both indoors and outdoors (the Elora Research Station, 43°39′N 80°25′W) at four growth stages. Volumetric soil water content beneath the three species was also measured in the field. There were significant differences (P < 0.01) among the three species in total plant dry weight indoors and outdoors. Although rye consistently had the greatest total plant dry mass, total root dry weight was not greater than for the other species in many comparisons, especially before anthesis. However, rye root growth surpassed all the others after anthesis, and root dry weight was greater at final harvest. Triticale and rye had greater shoot: root ratios than wheat at the later growth stages. Although there were no consistent differences among species in root dry weight distribution at different soil depths, rye had a relatively larger proportion of root dry weight in the upper soil layer than the other species. Species effects on soil water content were significant (P < 0.05) at depths of 15–45 cm and 45–90 cm during a drought period. Water content in the 45–90 cm layer was lower for the triticale cultivar than for the wheat and rye. Key words: Wheat, triticale, rye, shoot:root ratio, volumetric soil water content

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Genotypic differences in growth and ions accumulation in soybean under NaCL salinity and water stress conditions

Bangladesh Agronomy Journal ◽

10.3329/baj.v17i1.23676 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 47-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

MSA Khan ◽

MA Karim ◽

MM Haque

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Water Stress ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Lower Amount ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Dry Matter Distribution ◽

Water Stress Tolerance

Salt and water stress tolerance of the seven soybean genotypes viz. BARI Soybean 6, BD 2329, BD 2342, AGS 95, BGH 02026, Galarsum and BD 2331 were evaluated for their performance at 0 and 100 mM NaCl under well watered & water stress (watering with 70% depletion of available water at wilting) conditions at the Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur. The results indicated that all the growth parameters like plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and dry matter distribution in different plant parts of the genotypes sharply decreased when the plants were exposed to water stress, salt stress and, combined salt and water stress conditions. Among the genotypes reduction in dry matter production was the least in Galarsum and BD 2331 in both the salt stress and, the combined salt and water stress conditions. These genotypes also accumulated lower amount of Na+ and higher amount of K+ in leaf tissues under salt stress and, combined salt and water stress environments as compared to others.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(1): 47-58

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Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1998.60.2282 ◽

1998 ◽

pp. 213-217

Author(s):

K.H. Widdup ◽

T.L. Knight ◽

C.J. Waters

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Root Growth ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

White Clover ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Red Clover ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cool Season ◽

Trifolium Ambiguum ◽

Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

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