Waterlogging at tillering affects spike and spikelet formation in wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Arduini ◽  
C. Orlandi ◽  
S. Pampana ◽  
A. Masoni
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
The Impact

Waterlogging stress is one of the limiting factors influencing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Wheat tolerance to waterlogging is related to the duration of the waterlogging event, the crop development stage in which waterlogging occurs, and the sensitivity of genotype. In this paper we investigated the impact of eight waterlogging durations (from 0 to 60 days) imposed at 3-leaf and 4-leaf growth stages (~30 and 40 days after sowing) on grain yield, grain yield components, straw and root dry weight and nitrogen concentration of grain, straw, and roots of two cultivars of wheat. The results showed that of the two cultivars, one (cv. Blasco) was tolerant to waterlogging and the other (cv. Aquilante) was sensitive, thus confirming that there are high genotypic differences in terms of tolerance to waterlogging in wheat. The sensitive cultivar showed a significant reduction in grain yield and straw and root dry weight only when waterlogging was prolonged for more than 20 days. Waterlogging depressed the grain yield of the sensitive cultivar, slowing tiller formation and consequently preventing many culms from producing spikes. It slowed down spikelet formation, consequently reducing the number of spikelets per spike, and reduced floret formation per spikelet, thus reducing the number of kernels per spike.

scholarly journals Fertilization the Omission One Test as Determination Limiting Factors for Maize Biomass (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
Koko Tampubolon ◽  
Bagus Fitra Azmi ◽  
Perdana Andriano Tamba ◽  
Ayu Widya Lestari ◽  
Kamaruddin Kamaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The research was aimed to obtain information on the impact of omission one test fertilization as a determination limiting factors for the growth and biomass of maize in variety Bonanza F1. Materials and Methods: The research was located in the experimental field, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Medan from December 2020 until February 2021. The research was applied by Randomized Block Design in non-factorial through fertilization of omission one test that has been converted (urea : SP-36 : KCl = 0.75 : 0.50 : 0.125 g polybag-1). The treatment of this research include P0 = non-fertilization; P1= N+P+K; P2= P+K; P3= N+K; P4= N+P using three replications. The parameters include plant height, leaf growth, total fresh weight, total dry weight, and the percentage of relative yield then processed using ANOVA and continued with DMRT at 5% ± standard error with SPSS v.20 software. Results: Informed that the omission one test technique significantly improved all the characteristics of maize in the variety Bonanza F1. The highest increase in plant height was found in the N+P of 83.65%, meanwhile, the highest leaf and biomass growth characters were found in N+P+K, ranged of 50.00 to 177.81% and 487.60 to 507.37%, respectively. It was obtained that the limiting factor for the maize growth in variety Bonanza F1 was found in the un-fertilization of nitrogen.

scholarly journals Genotypic Variationin Dry Weight and Nitrogen Concentration of Wheat Plant Parts; Relations to Grain Yield and Grain Protein Concentration

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hafeez Malik ◽  
Allan Andersson ◽  
Ramune Kuktaite ◽  
Muhammad Yaqub Mujahid ◽  
Bismillah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Plant Parts

scholarly journals Study of Coefficient of Variation, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Different Traits of Rice Genotypes Grown under Aerobic Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-430
Author(s):  
Susmita Dey ◽  
◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
K. R. Battan ◽  
A. K. Chhabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biological Yield

The field experiments with thirty genotypes were conducted during June to October month of kharif, 2018 and kharif, 2019, to assess extent of variability under aerobic condition. The genotypes were sown under dry direct seeded condition using randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Each genotype was sown in single row of 5 m length with spacing of 20 cm between rows and 15 cm between plants. Data recorded for 22 characters including different morphological and quality traits from 5 randomly selected plants of each replication and mean data used for analysis. ANOVA revealed that the mean sum of squares were highly significant difference for most of the traits. The value of PCV was higher than GCV for all the twenty-two characters. However, maximum GCV and PCV were observed for root dry weight plant-1 (31.44% and 32.17%) followed grain yield plant-1 (29.97% and 31.03%), root volume (28.62% and 29.20%), root fresh weight plant-1 (28.51% and 29.08%), biological yield plant-1 (21.86% 22.50%) and number of grains panicle-1 (20.55% and 21.37%). Rest of the traits showed moderate and low GCV and PCV. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for the traits viz., leaf length, number of tillers plant-1, number of grains panicle-1, 1000 seed weight, root length, root volume, root fresh weight plant-1, root dry weight plant-1, kernel length-breadth ratio, grain yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and harvest index. The information regarding different variability will provide direction to select high yielding genotypes under aerobic condition.

scholarly journals Biological Control of the Weedy Plant (Rumex crispus) at the Seedling Growth Stage by the Green Dock Beetle (Gastrophysa viridula)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Khalid S. Alshallash Khalid S. Alshallash
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
The Impact

In four glasshouse experiments, the effectiveness of the adult green dock beetle Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), at the effective number of applied individuals, for use as a biological control agent of curled dock, Rumex crispus (Polygonaceae) were studied. The feeding of the beetle was investigated at four different numbers of beetle (0, 1, 2, 3) and at four seedling growth stages of the plant, defined by the average of leaf area per plant (1-1.22 , 2-4.45, 3-11.56, and 4-71.52 cm2/plant). Grazing by one, two or three dock beetles did not result in a significant reduction in dock dry weight or shoot numbers at the youngest growth stage. However, both at later seedling growth stages were significantly affected (P ? 0.0001), at any beetles number. The increase of beetle numbers caused nonsignificant increased effect, in some trials, confirming the impact of a single beetle. Three months after beetle grazing, dock seedlings of first, second and third growth stages were not able to regrow, however, some plants at the 4th growth stage, re-emerged. This suggested that the highest effect of beetle's feeding occurs on the early seedling stages. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation (0.77) between dry weight and shoot number at all the four seedling growth stages, thus confirming the impact of the beetle on both the dry weight and shoot numbers. Combining beetle grazing with other control methods at older dock seedling stages could, therefore, provide better suppression

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effect of the Mineral Fertilization System on the Nutritional Status of Maize Plants and Grain Yield Prediction

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Renata Gaj ◽  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Idzi Siatkowski ◽  
Hubert Waligóra
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
The Impact

A strict field experiment with maize was carried out in the years 2009–2011 at the Experimental Station of the Poznań University of Life Sciences. The impact of mineral fertilization levels on the nutritional status of plants at an early development stage 5–6 leaves (BBCH 15/16) was assessed, as well as the possibility of using biomass and the current state of nutrient supply to predict grain yield. The adopted assumptions were verified on the basis of field experiments with nine variants of mineral fertilization and two maize varieties (EURALIS Semences, Lescar, France) (ES Palazzo and ES Paroli SG—“stay-green” (SG)). Regardless of the variety tested, the plants were under-nutritioned with calcium and magnesium. Plant nutritional status and the accumulation of minerals at the BBCH 15/16 stage were the main factors determining the variability of maize grain yields. In addition, it was shown that maize biomass in the BBCH 15/16 stage, calcium content and the N:K ratio significantly determined grain yield of traditional variety. The yield of the “stay-green” hybrid was largely shaped by plant biomass in the BBCH 15/16 stage, potassium, calcium, magnesium contents and N:Mg ratio. Regression analysis showed that grain yield of the tested maize varieties was determined by plant biomass and its content from 59% to 69%.

scholarly journals The Response of Maize Lines to Foliar Fertilizing

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Milan Brankov ◽  
Milena Simić ◽  
Željko Dolijanović ◽  
Miloš Rajković ◽  
Violeta Mandić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of two foliar fertilizers applied on five maize (Zea mays L.) lines. Fertilizers were applied at different growth stages of maize, during three consecutive years (2010–2012) at the experimental field of the Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Serbia. Maize growth parameters such as fresh matter, height, leaf area and grain yield were recorded. Foliar fertilizer with amino acids (FAA) was more advantageous to maize plants compared to fertilizer containing phosphorus (FP) as a main component. Applied FAA has shown positive effects by increasing fresh matter, leaf area index, and plant height in all three years. In 2012, due to unfavorable meteorological conditions, grain yield and harvest index were very low, compared to the previous two years, although, positive effects on morphological traits were observed 21 days after treatments (DAT), as well as in the anthesis stage. The best results of 30% of grain yield and harvest index increase were recorded in line L1 in 2010 and 2011. The same line had an increase of more than 40% of fresh matter and leaf area on average for all three years. The positive effects that have been noticed in this research could recommend foliar fertilizing with fertilizer containing N in a form of an amino acids complex.

The growth and activity of winter wheat roots in the field: the effect of sowing date and soil type on root growth of high-yielding crops

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Barraclough ◽  
R. A. Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distribution Of Roots

SummaryThe effect of sowing date on root growth of high-yielding crops (8–1 It grain/ha, 85% D.M.) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Hustler) was measured at Rothamsted and Woburn in 1980 and 1981. Roots were sampled by coring on five occasions and changes in root dry weight and length were determined. The average growth rate between March and June was about 1 g/m2/day (200 m/m2/day), over 5 times that measured between December and March. Increases in root weight or length with time were generally exponential to anthesis when the crops had 101–172 g root/m2 (20–32 km/m2). September-sown wheat had more root than October-sown wheat at all times, but whereas early differences in length were maintained throughout the season, root weights converged between March and June. Overall, there was no significant difference in root dry-matter production between sites at anthesis, but there was a substantial difference between years. Differences in root growth between crops were reduced by plotting the amount of root against either the number of days from sowing or accumulated thermal time. Using che latter, root growth between December and June was reasonably linear although there was some indication of a lag below 500 °C days. Regression equations obtained for the relationships between root growth and accumulated thermal time also fitted previously published data and may provide general descriptions of root growth with time.Roots of September-sown crops reached 1 m depth by December but those of October-sown crops were not detectable at this depth until April. For most crops the distribution of roots with depth was reasonably described by an exponential decay function, with over 50% of the roots in the top 20 cm of soil at all times. At Woburn in 1981, a plough-pan restricted roots to the upper soil horizons for most of the season but apparently had little effect on the total amount of root produced. For one of the experimental crops an empirical mathematical function describing the distribution of roots with depth and time is presented.Using the data from this and previously published studies, the relationship between grain yield and the amount of root at anthesis was investigated. Total root length was positively correlated with grain yield but nonetheless similarly yielding crops could have different-sized root systems. Total root dry weight was poorly correlated with grain yield.

scholarly journals Shoot and root dry weight in drought exposed tomato populations

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Brdar-Jokanovic ◽  
Zdenka Girek ◽  
Suzana Pavlovic ◽  
Milan Ugrinovic ◽  
Jasmina Zdravkovic
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Selection Indices

This research was conducted with the aim to among forty-one tested tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) populations distinguish those tolerant to limited water supply. Tolerance assessments were performed by using sixteen drought stress selection indices calculated on the basis of tomato shoot and root dry weight yields determined at water stress and non-stress conditions. Populations were differentiated in groups using the method of cluster analysis. The pot experiment was set in controlled greenhouse conditions and comprised optimally irrigated control and drought treatment (35.0 and 20.9% volumetric soil water content, respectively), imposed at the phase of intensive vegetative growth. The experiment was conducted at the Institute for Vegetable Crops in Smederevska Palanka, Serbia. The analyzed tomatoes exhibited significant differences in terms of response to limited irrigation, which had more pronounced effect on shoot dry weight than on the roots (average decrease of 64.4 and 35.7%, respectively). Consequently, root fraction in the total dry weight increased at drought for 68.2% on average. Shoot and root dry weights were positively correlated at optimal irrigation but not in drought, implying genotypic differences in terms of root adjustments to stress conditions. As for the calculated selection indices, substantial variation was found among the populations enabling their ranking in terms of drought tolerance. Since ranking was not the same in all cases, clustering the populations was performed taking into account all sixteen selection indices. The results of this analysis indicate that populations designated with numbers 126, 124, 131, 125, 128, 105, 101, 138, 110, 132 and 109 in Institute for Vegetable Crops germplasm collection exhibit satisfactory level of drought tolerance at vegetative phase and therefore may be used as parents in breeding programs.

Relative effectiveness of various sources, methods, times and rates of copper fertilizers in improving grain yield of wheat on a Cu-deficient soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
L. Cowell ◽  
H. R. Kutcher
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cu Deficiency

A field experiment was conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of various sources, methods, times and rates of Cu fertilizers on grain yield, protein concentration in grain, concentration of Cu in grain and uptake of Cu in grain of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and residual concentration of DTPA-extractable Cu in soil on a Cu-deficient soil near Porcupine Plain in northeastern Saskatchewan. The experiment was conducted from 1999 to 2002 on the same site, but the results for 2002 were not presented because of very low grain yield due to drought in the growing season. The 25 treatments included soil application of four granular Cu fertilizers (Cu lignosulphonate, Cu sulphate, Cu oxysulphate I and Cu oxysulphate II) as soil-incorporated (at 0.5 and 2.0 kg Cu ha-1), seedrow-placed (at 0.25 and 1.0 kg Cu ha-1) and foliar application of four solution Cu fertilizers (Cu chelate-EDTA, Cu sequestered I, Cu sulphate/chelate and Cu sequestered II at 0.25 kg Cu ha-1) at the four-leaf and flag-leaf growth stages, plus a zero-Cu check. Soil was tilled only once to incorporate all designated Cu and blanket fertilizers into the soil a few days prior to seeding. Wheat plants in the zero-Cu treatment exhibited Cu deficiency in all years. For foliar application at the flag-leaf stage, grain yield increased with all four of the Cu fertilizers in 2000 and 2001, and in all but Cu sequestered II in 1999. Foliar application at the four-leaf growth stage of three Cu fertilizers (Cu chelate-EDTA, Cu sequestered I and Cu sulphate/chelate), soil incorporation of all Cu fertilizers at 2 kg Cu ha-1 and two Cu fertilizers (Cu lignosulphonate and Cu sulphate) at 0.5 kg Cu ha-1 rate, and seedrow placement of two Cu fertilizers (Cu lignosulphonate and Cu sulphate) at 1 kg Cu ha-1 increased grain yield of wheat only in 2001. There was no effect of Cu fertilization on protein concentration in grain. The increase in concentration and uptake of Cu in grain from Cu fertilization usually showed a trend similar to grain yield. There was some increase in residual DTPA-extractable Cu in the 0–60 cm soil in Cu lignosulphonate, Cu sulphate and Cu oxysulphate II soil incorporation treatments, particularly at the 2 kg Cu ha-1 rate. In summary, the results indicate that foliar application of Cu fertilizers at the flag-leaf growth stage can be used for immediate correction of Cu deficiency in wheat. Because Cu deficiency in crops often occurs in irregular patches within fields, foliar application may be the most practical and economical way to correct Cu deficiency during the growing season, as lower Cu rates can correct Cu deficiency. Key words: Application time, Cu source, foliar application, granular Cu, growth stage, placement method, rate of Cu, seedrow-placed Cu, soil incorporation

scholarly journals Discovery of a few photosynthesis models through red light absorbance-transmittance of the e1 leaf sectors of newly bred hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nav Raj Adhikari ◽  
Surya Kant Ghimire ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah ◽  
Keshab Babu Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reaction Centers ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Nutrient Mobilization ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Maize Leaves

Background: Pipeline hybrids of maize must be evaluated very intensively and from several perspectives in order to extract reliability of success of the hybrids in farmers’ field before their release as cultivars and to extract some useful physiology preferably photosynthesis, source-sink relationship and tolerance of green LS (leaf sectors) under biotic and abiotic stresses as scientists’ bonus. For it, five pipeline single cross hybrids of yellow maize have been examined from the standpoint of photosynthetic potentiality of central leaf and nutrient mobilization from it to ear for grain fill. Materials and methods: Just above ear (e1) leaf have been minutely examined through ratio of absorbance to transmittance of red light of 650 nm (RAT) measure, chl and N concentration (conc). From correlation coefficients (r) computed between frequency of LS of varying RAT SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis and Development) measures, chl and N conc; few photosynthetic models have been proposed to explain leaf physiologies and its effects on grain yields. Results and discussions: Through analysis of frequency distribution of RAT measures and r between frequency of LS of varying RAT SPAD measure and grain yield, RATA Makai model has been proposed to explain for a variety of efficiency of antennae to harvest light energy especially red photons and transfer the energy to reaction centers (RCs). It includes two types of classification of antenna. Next is diversity model to explain existence of four types leaf sector such as narrow, medium, wide diversity with least bad LS in central leaf of the maize based on photosynthetic efficiency of variety of the photosynthetic e1 LS that they are differentially contributing to grain yields. This sort of LS diversity study helps classify character of LS based on RAT and or chl and N conc. A few more models proposed in it are NARC (Nitrogen Concentration in Antenna and Reaction Centers) and PAY (Protein Amounts and its effects on Yield) based on r between grain yield and leaf N and protein amounts. In addition; strong positive r has been found between grain yields and the frequencies of the LS of 46-52 RAT SPAD; 46-56 µg cm-2 of chl conc and 2-2.3% N of dry weight; This way, we proposed about threshold and upper limit of the RAT SPAD, chl and N conc in maize leaves. It implies that cells in these ranges are genotype based multiplicative and physiologically active and competent to make their identity in the e1 leaf of the hybrids for GY contribution. In addition, next model of ‘green car’ with the four kinds of proportion of green and carotenoid (car) conc: high green-high car to produce high grain yield and remaining proportion such as high green-low car, low green-high car and low green-low car on maize leaves to cause low grain yield has been proposed. Concept of high green-low car conc in maize leaf gives extended model of no car-no food.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document