scholarly journals Nodule count effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypo-eutectic ADI alloyed with nickel

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
E. Colin-García ◽  
A. Cruz-Ramírez ◽  
J.A. Romero-Serrano ◽  
R.G. Sánchez-Alvarado ◽  
V.H. Gutiérrez-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Process Window ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Sand Cast ◽  
Nodule Count ◽  
Austempering Temperature ◽  
Different Thickness ◽  
Good Agreement

Samples of ductile iron alloyed with 0.88 % Ni with a nodule count of 606, 523, and 290 nod/mm2 were obtained from sand cast plates of different thickness in the range from 8.46 to 25.4 mm. The effect of the nodule count was evaluated during the austempering process held at 285?C and austempering times of 15, 30, 45, 60, 70, and 90 min. The volume fraction of high carbon austenite increased when the nodule count increased, however, the carbon content of the high carbon austenite kept almost constant. The process window was narrow, requiring a lower austempering time when the nodule count increased. The combination of a higher nodule count and low austempering temperature allowed obtaining a fine ausferritic microstructure which led to higher Brinell hardness and tensile strength. The process window was determined by XRD measurements and it was in good agreement with the microstructural and hardness evolution as the austempering time increased.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment Evaluation for the Camshafts Production of ADI Low Alloyed with Vanadium

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colin García ◽  
Alejandro Cruz Ramírez ◽  
Guillermo Reyes Castellanos ◽  
José Federico Chávez Alcalá ◽  
Jaime Téllez Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Mold Casting ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Good Agreement

Ductile iron camshafts low alloyed with 0.2 and 0.3 wt % vanadium were produced by one of the largest manufacturers of the ductile iron camshafts in México “ARBOMEX S.A de C.V” by a phenolic urethane no-bake sand mold casting method. During functioning, camshafts are subject to bending and torsional stresses, and the lobe surfaces are highly loaded. Thus, high toughness and wear resistance are essential for this component. In this work, two austempering ductile iron heat treatments were evaluated to increase the mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness of the ductile iron camshaft low alloyed with vanadium. The austempering process was held at 265 and 305 °C and austempering times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The volume fraction of high-carbon austenite was determined for the heat treatment conditions by XRD measurements. The ausferritic matrix was determined in 90 min for both austempering temperatures, having a good agreement with the microstructural and hardness evolution as the austempering time increased. The mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness were evaluated from samples obtained from the camshaft and the standard Keel block. The highest mechanical properties were obtained for the austempering heat treatment of 265 °C for 90 min for the ADI containing 0.3 wt % V. The tensile and yield strength were 1200 and 1051 MPa, respectively, while the hardness and the energy impact values were of 47 HRC and 26 J; these values are in the range expected for an ADI grade 3.

scholarly journals Effect of Manganese on the Structure-Properties Relationship of Cold Rolled AHSS Treated by a Quenching and Partitioning Process

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Kaar ◽  
Daniel Krizan ◽  
Reinhold Schneider ◽  
Coline Béal ◽  
Christof Sommitsch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bainitic Ferrite ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Quenching And Partitioning ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Strain Induced Martensite ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Mn Content

The present work focuses on the investigation of both microstructure and resulting mechanical properties of different lean medium Mn Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) steels with 0.2 wt.% C, 1.5 wt.% Si, and 3–4 wt.% Mn. By means of dilatometry, a significant influence of the Mn-content on their transformation behavior was observed. Light optical and scanning electron microscopy (LOM, SEM) was used to characterize the microstructure consisting of tempered martensite (α’’), retained austenite (RA), partially bainitic ferrite (αB), and final martensite (α’final) formed during final cooling to room temperature (RT). Using the saturation magnetization measurements (SMM), a beneficial impact of the increasing Mn-content on the volume fraction of RA could be found. This remarkably determined the mechanical properties of the investigated steels, since the larger amount of RA with its lower chemical stabilization against the strain-induced martensite transformation (SIMT) highly influenced their overall stress-strain behavior. With increasing Mn-content the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) rose without considerable deterioration in total elongation (TE), leading to an enhanced combination of strength and ductility with UTS × TE exceeding 22,500 MPa%. However, for the steel grades containing an elevated Mn-content, a narrower process window was observed due to the tendency to form α’final.

Effects of Shrinkage Porosity on Mechanical Properties of a Sand Cast Mg-Y-Re (WE54) Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 747-748 ◽  
pp. 390-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Lin Li ◽  
Yue Qun Ma ◽  
Rong Shi Chen ◽  
Wei Ke
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Sand Cast ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Porosity Volume Fraction

The distribution of shrinkage porosities in sand cast Mg-Y-RE (WE54) alloy castings was characterized through density measurement and calculated by Archimedess principle. The effect of porosity on mechanical properties of sand cast WE54 alloy was investigated through tensile tests and microstructure observation. It was found that the shrinkage porosities distributed mainly in the middle of the plate where the liquid feeding was quite inconvenient. And the porosities were formed along grain boundaries when secondary phases formed at the end of solidification. Hardness tests showed that the vikers hardness declined linearly with increasing porosity volume fraction. While the tensile strength and nominal yield strength declined exponentially as the porosity volume fraction increased. Microstructure observation showed that the fracture cracks propagated along the grain boundaries where porosities and secondary phases gathering together in as-cast WE54 alloy. The tiny porosities distributed in the secondary phases were observed, which could reduce the tensile strength of cast specimens significantly. The heat treatment strengthening effects were significantly weakened by porosities, and even no heat treatment strengthening effect was detected when the porosity volume fraction was higher than 1%. The microstructure observation also proved that no heat treatment strengthening effect existed in samples containing porosities.

scholarly journals The effect of blade thickness on microstructure and mechanical properties of ship's sand-cast propeller

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Leszek Piaseczny ◽  
Krzysztof Rogowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Section Thickness ◽  
Propeller Blade ◽  
Proof Stress ◽  
Sand Cast ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Blade Thickness ◽  
Blade Section

The effect of blade thickness on microstructure and mechanical properties of ship's sand-cast propeller The microstructure and resultant mechanical properties of the MM55 manganese brass applied to ship sand - cast propeller were investigated in relation to the propeller blade section thickness. It was stated that the increase of blade section thickness from 15 mm to 45 mm resulted in the increase of the volume fraction of α-phase by 5.3% and that of κ-phase by 23.7%, the decrease of the volume fraction of α-phase by 2.9%, the 0.2% proof stress R0.2 by 11.3%, the ultimate tensile strength Rm by 5.5% and the 5.65 √Soelongation A5 by 16.8%.

Effect of V and N on Microstructures and Properties of Cold Drawn High Carbon Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 1141-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Hong Yu Liu ◽  
Jianhua Liu ◽  
Xiaolong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
True Strain ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Interlamellar Spacing ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Comprehensive Properties ◽  
Pearlite Colony

In order to enhance the strength of cold drawn high carbon steel and improve its comprehensive properties ,the law of change in microstructures and properties of high carbon steel with various contents of V and N were investigated .The size of pearlite colony，interlamellar spacing of pearlite and mechanical properties with various contents of V and N were measured; the change of magnetic properties of wires with different cold drawing strains were measured by VSM. It is shown that V can decrease the size of pearlite colony and interlamellar spacing of pearlite when V content is less than 0.06 wt %; N can decrease the size of pearlite colony and increase slightly the interlamellar spacing of pearlite. The tensile strength is enhanced with increasing V or N content, but V decrease plasticity of wire and N has little effect on it. The cementite in wire is dissolved with increasing cold drawing strain. The volume fraction of cementite is decreased to 4.4%，dissolution of 7.8%，as the true strain is increased up to 3.19.

Effects of Alloy Chemistry and Solidification Rate on the Mechanical Properties of an Al-9Si-1Cu Alloy for Powertrain Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 519-521 ◽  
pp. 1727-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryoush Emadi ◽  
Robert Mackay ◽  
L.V. Whiting ◽  
Jerry Sokolowski ◽  
Mahi Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Solidification Rate ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Sand Cast ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
Alloy Chemistry ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Lower Porosity ◽  
Engine Blocks

The potential use of an Al-9Si-1Cu alloy (W328 alloy) as a replacement for W319 alloy in engine blocks was investigated.. The ambient mechanical properties (tensile, hardness and fatigue) of sand and permanent mould cast test bars along with bars machined from a sand cast automotive component were studied. The tensile properties were evaluated in as-cast and T6 heat-treated conditions. The effects of Fe and Mn on properties were also investigated. The castings in W328 alloy exhibit lower porosity than W319 alloy, which is attributed to the smaller solidification range and feeding distance and larger volume fraction of the eutectic phase. Higher iron levels increased the level of intermetallics and reduced properties. The addition of Mn did not offset the effect of higher iron levels. The W328 alloy offers some advantages over the 319 alloy and is a potential candidate for production of automotive components such as engine blocks and cylinder heads.

scholarly journals On the Q&P Potential of a Commercial Spring Steel

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1612
Author(s):  
Markus Härtel ◽  
Alisa Wilke ◽  
Sebastian Dieck ◽  
Pierre Landgraf ◽  
Thomas Grund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Process Step

Over the last years heat treatment concept of “quenching and partitioning” (Q&P) has reached popularity for its ability to precisely adjust material properties to desired values. Mostly, Q&P process are applied on tailor-made materials with high purities or prototype alloys. The research in hand presents the whole routine of how to investigate the potential of a commercial 0.54C-1.45Si-0.71Mn spring steel in terms of Q&P heat treatment from lab scale in dilatometer measurements to widely used inductive heat treatment on larger scale. In order to obtain the small process window for this material we were focusing on the interplay of the formed microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties in hardness measurements, compression tests as well as tensile tests. After full austenitizing, three different Q&P processing routes were applied. Microstructural analyses by optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) exhibit a condition with 6.4 % and 15 % volume fraction of fine distributed retained austenite. Interestingly, the 15 % of retained austenite developed during the partitioning heat treatment. Contradictory to our expectations, tensile and compression testing were showing that the 6.4 % condition achieved improved mechanical properties compared to the 15 % retained austenite condition. The remarkable conclusion is that not only volume fraction and fine distribution of retained austenite determines the potential of improving mechanical properties by Q&P in commercial alloys: also the process step when the retained austenite is developing as well as occurring parallel formation of carbides may strongly influence this potential.

Numerical analysis of cracked aluminum plate repaired with multi-scale reinforcement composite patches

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (28) ◽  
pp. 4341-4357
Author(s):  
A Yousefi ◽  
M Mosavi Mashhadi ◽  
M Safarabadi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Cohesive Zone Model ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Aluminum Plate ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Composite Patch ◽  
Different Thickness

In this study, numerical modeling is used to investigate the performance of a single-sided composite patch with different scale fillers, as reinforcement of a cracked aluminum plate under static tension. The main concerns of previous studies are about the geometry of patches, composite layups, and failure of adhesive. In this research, the effect of patch properties such as size and fiber volume fraction, the thickness of patch, and thickness of adhesive on the overall performance of the cracked aluminum plate are investigated numerically. Indeed, first, a 3 D representative volume element (RVE) is adopted to calculate the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT)/epoxy and carbon fiber (CF)/epoxy composite patch at each specified volume fraction for investigating the effect of patch properties on the performance of a single-sided patch for crack repairing. In this regard, the cohesive zone model is adopted to analyze the debonding between the epoxy matrix and reinforcement to characterize the mechanical properties of composite patches. Finally, a linear 3 D finite element analysis is performed to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) for cracked aluminum plate repaired by a single-sided composite patch at each specified reinforcement volume fraction for different thickness of patch and different thickness of adhesive. The results demonstrated that the stress intensity factor highly depends on the patch properties (patch stiffness) in addition to patch thickness and adhesive thickness.

Macroprobe Mode for the Study of Segregation in Steels

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Auclair Gilles ◽  
Benoit Danièle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Optical Micrographs

During these last 10 years, high performance correction procedures have been developed for classical EPMA, and it is nowadays possible to obtain accurate quantitative analysis even for soft X-ray radiations. It is also possible to perform EPMA by adapting this accurate quantitative procedures to unusual applications such as the measurement of the segregation on wide areas in as-cast and sheet steel products.The main objection for analysis of segregation in steel by means of a line-scan mode is that it requires a very heavy sampling plan to make sure that the most significant points are analyzed. Moreover only local chemical information is obtained whereas mechanical properties are also dependant on the volume fraction and the spatial distribution of highly segregated zones. For these reasons we have chosen to systematically acquire X-ray calibrated mappings which give pictures similar to optical micrographs. Although mapping requires lengthy acquisition time there is a corresponding increase in the information given by image anlysis.

A Study of Some Mechanical and Physical Properties for Palm Fiber/Polyester Composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Samah M. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Polyester Composite

This research has been done by reinforcing the matrix (unsaturated polyester) resin with natural material (date palm fiber (DPF)). The fibers were exposure to alkali treatment before reinforcement. The samples have been prepared by using hand lay-up technique with fiber volume fraction of (10%, 20% and 30%). After preparation of the mechanical and physical properties have been studied such as, compression, flexural, impact strength, thermal conductivity, Dielectric constant and dielectric strength. The polyester composite reinforced with date palm fiber at volume fraction (10% and 20%) has good mechanical properties rather than pure unsaturated polyester material, while the composite reinforced with 30% Vf present poor mechanical properties. Thermal conductivity results indicated insulator composite behavior. The effect of present fiber polar group induces of decreasing in dielectric strength, and increasing dielectric constant. The reinforcement composite 20% Vf showed the best results in mechanical, thermal and electrical properties.

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