Maxillofacial injuries among Brazilian children and adolescents victims of traffic accidents

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of morbidity due to traffic accidents in children and adolescents and its relationship with maxillofacial injuries in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 533 forensic reports of individuals aged 0-19 years, victims of external causes in Campina Grande, Brazil, in 2013. Data were collected through a form containing variables sex, age, day of week, time, type of traffic accident, injured body region, presence of fractures, maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Prevalence ratios and confidence intervals at 95% were estimated with the chi-square test. RESULTS: There was predominance of males (75.0%) aged 15-19 years (65.0%), with association between sex and occurrence of traffic accidents (p <0.001). The afternoon shift recorded 36.7% of cases of accidents involving motorcyclists (55.0%). In 25.0% of cases, there were injuries on the head and 26.7% on the face. Head and face injuries were observed in 10.0% of patients, while maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries were present in 21.7% and 6.7%, respectively. There was an association between occurrence of accident and face injuries (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Traffic accidents affect mostly young male individuals, causing multiple injuries in different body areas, including maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries.

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Frequency of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Its Patterns in Families of Children with OCD in Rafsanjan, 2016

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.5812/ijpbs.77176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Parvin Agha Mohammad Hasani ◽

Mohammadreza Mokhtaree ◽

Mohammad Nazer ◽

Mohammad Reza Mirzaei

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Level Of Significance

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the common psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents that can be created by both genetic and environmental factors. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of OCD and its patterns in families with OCD children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 95 children and adolescents with OCD who were referred to the Psychology Clinic of Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2016 were enrolled by a convenience sampling method. The research tool was an obsessive-compulsive questionnaire (children form), and interviews were also carried out with the patients to find the deterioration of the symptoms in them and/or their families. Data were presented and analyzed by mean ± SD, frequency, and Chi-square test. The level of significance was 0.05. Results: The highest frequency of OCD patterns was washing, Checking, and doubt. 36.7% of fathers and 56.1% of mothers had one of obsessive-compulsive disorder patterns. Meanwhile, the most common pattern observed in the parents was cleaning. In total, 79.6% of the paternal families and 87.7% of the maternal families of the patients had OCD. Moreover, a significant relationship was observed in the levels of OCD between children and mothers (P = 0.027), whereas no significant association was detected between the OCD of children and that of their parents. Conclusions: Family history (especially maternal family) plays a significant role in OCD development, which is indicative of the transmission pattern of multifactorial traits, while the heritability of OCD is still not determined.

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Factors Relating To Safety Riding Behaviors In Students Of Senior High School 5 Palu

Preventif : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.22487/preventif.v11i2.177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 134-145

Author(s):

Lusia Salmawati ◽

Shinta Widya Puspita

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Approach ◽

Accident Data ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Minor Injuries ◽

Serious Injuries

Traffic accidents are still a global problem today. Traffic accidents are the main cause of death for all age groups dominated by adolescents. The number of traffic accident cases in Indonesia reached 108,871 incidents with details of which 25,511 people died. Accident data in Central Sulawesi during 2016 reached 1,889 incidents, with 420 dead, 1,076 serious injuries and 2,042 minor injuries. The city of Palu is in order no. 1 with traffic accidents 308 cases with losses of up to 616 million rupiah. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with safety riding behavior. This type of research is quantitative with a Cross Sectional Study approach, sampling using the Proportional Stratified Random Sampling method. The number of samples in this study were 84 respondents. The data were collected using a questionnaire with a Guttman scale. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that there was no relationship between knowledge (p = 0.95), while there was a relationship between attitude (p = 0.008), SIM ownership (p = 0.003), and safety riding behavior. To prevent traffic accidents, it is necessary to provide an understanding of Safety Riding, guide traffic discipline, invite them to complete driving licenses, familiarize children with using PPE, and provide motivation to always prioritize safety in driving.

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The Status of First Aid and Its Associations with Health Outcomes among Patients with Traffic Accidents in Urban Areas of Vietnam

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17124600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 4600

Author(s):

Hue Thi Mai ◽

Hai Minh Vu ◽

Tam Thi Ngo ◽

Giang Thu Vu ◽

Huong Lan Thi Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

First Aid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

The Status ◽

Chi Square Test

While it is well-evident that proper first aid would significantly promote survival and later treatment outcomes, little attention has been paid to improving its capacity in Vietnam. Thus, we conducted this study to assess the status of first aid and its associations with health outcomes among patients in traffic accidents in urban areas of Vietnam. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 413 patients in traffic accidents from October to December 2018 at six hospitals in Thai Binh province. Socio-demographics, first aid characteristics, and health outcomes were collected via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. We used a chi-square test to determine the differences in health outcomes among those who received first aid and those without. In addition, a multivariable regression was performed to determine the factors associated with first aid. The results indicated that less than half of the patients received first aid (48.1%), and only one fourth received first aid within 10 min after an accident. The proportions of having problems with mobility, self-care, usual activities, and pain/discomfort were significantly lower among those who received first aid compared to those without it. The regression model showed that those with multiple injuries were less likely to receive first aid.

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IDENTIFIKASI SERTA HUBUNGAN KONSTRUKSI SUMUR GALI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN COLIFORM PADA AIR SUMUR GALI DI DUSUN JIKEN KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.33394/bjib.v7i2.2371 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Dini Yuliansari

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Well Water ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Variable ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Dug Wells ◽

Dug Well ◽

The Relationship

The well is one of the source water used for bathing, washing, and drinking by the citizens in Jiken Hamlet, Rarang Village, Terara Sub-District. Poor dug well construction conditions can affect the amount of coliform bacteria contained in the dug well water. The purpose of this study is to identify the construction of dug wells and the content of coliform bacteria in dug well water and determine the relationship between dug well construction and the content of coliform bacteria. This research is analytic with a cross sectional study design. The results were obtained from 11 samples of dug wells which were observed in construction and the coliform content was known that all samples did not requirements as good dug well construction. Coliform content test results showed that as many as 5 dug well water samples did not pass the clean water quality standards. The results of data analysis with the chi-square test variable construction of dug wells with coliform content variable showed 0,172 > 0,05, then the concluded is the dug well not suitable to use by people in that area as a source of water for daily needs.

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Socio-Demographic Factors and Health-Related Behaviors Associated with Gerontology

GIS Business ◽

10.26643/gis.v14i6.11943 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 359-370

Author(s):

Dr. Ravi S. Dalawai

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Work Culture ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social ◽

Health Related ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Current Scenario ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

Insight Into

Indian population is in growing trend from 942.2 million in 1994 to 1.36 billion in 2019.Among this six per cent of India's population was of the age 65 and above (UNFPA, 2019). Today the work culture is totally changed. Both husband and wife are forced to work in the current scenario and unable to take care of their parents. The changing structure created increased problems for old age people leads to loneliness, psychological, physical health and financial insecurity. The study paper provides insight into the social and demographic factor and health related sickness of the oldest people. This research explained the cross-sectional study included a representative sample (n=116) of adults aged ≥60 years. The sample was chosen using a four-stage stratified random-cluster survey sampling method .The Chi Square test and ANOVA test was analyzed using SPSS20.

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Prevalence of Childhood Obesity In Northeastern Ontario: A Cross-sectional Study

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research ◽

10.3148/67.3.2006.143 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 143-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Foyez Haque ◽

Alberto G. de la Rocha ◽

Betty Ann Horbul ◽

Patricia Desroches ◽

Craig Orrell

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Program Planning ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Northern Ontario ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Chi Square Test

Purpose: In Canada, the incidence of childhood obesity has tripled within the past 20 years. The prevalence of obesity in the Timmins, Ontario, student population was studied to gain knowledge for program planning and resource allocation, and to compare Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria with Cole’s international criteria for childhood obesity. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of 801 students were taken. Students were chosen from randomly selected schools for each grade. Data were analyzed according to age, gender, and ethnicity. Data were also compared with other studies. Intragroup comparisons were performed using hypothesis testing for significance with the z table and chi-square test. Results: Overweight and obesity prevalence was 28% according to CDC criteria. No statistical difference was found between genders or among ethnic groups, or between this study and other Canadian studies. In comparison with the CDC criteria, Cole’s international criteria indicated less obesity and increased overweight prevalence. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that in the northern Ontario community of Timmins, the prevalence of childhood obesity is of epidemic proportions. When the findings are shared with different agencies, this study will help the health unit to take necessary public health measures to curb the epidemic.

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Perceptions of Final Year Medical Students about Family Medicine as A Career Choice in Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry ◽

10.36283/pjmd9-1/023 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dur-e- Nishat

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Family Medicine ◽

Medical Profession ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Family medicine is a field in which complete and detailed set of healthcare services are provided to the patients and their families. In developed countries, freshly graduated students choose family medicine as a priority for their career. However, in Pakistan it is not the case. The present study is undertaken to determine the perceptions of final year medical students’ about Family Medicine as a viable career. Methods: A total number of 504 students participated in the study. This was a cross-sectional study. The study participants were in their final year of medical college. Data was collected using a preapproved questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed via SPSS version 17 and Chi-Square test was used post-stratification. Results: Only 14.3% (n=72) medical students had heard about Family Medicine. Only 18% (n=92) would select family medicine as a profession. The most frequent rationale for choosing the field of Family Medicine was the variety of patients seen in general practice (55.4% n=51). Conclusion: There is a dire need to focus on increasing awareness about the field of family medicine among medical students. The students should be counseled on the advantages along with the disadvantages of choosing this field as a medical profession.

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Skull and Face Injuries and Associated Factors in Pedestrian Victims of Traffic Accidents: A Single Trauma Center Analysis

Current Dentistry ◽

10.2174/2542579x02999200608131337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 53-59

Author(s):

Josimara A. de Araújo Varela ◽

Tatiana F.T. Palitot ◽

Smyrna L.X. de Souza ◽

Alidianne F.C. Cavalcanti ◽

Alessandro L. Cavalcanti

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Age Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

The Face ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The City

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the presence of lesions in the skull and face and the associated factors in pedestrian victims of traffic accidents. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study carried out through the analysis of medical records of pedestrian victims of traffic accidents in an emergency service in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil, during the year of 2016. Information was collected regarding gender, age group, day of the week, time of the accident, type of vehicle involved, presence of trauma to the skull and face, and outcomes. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 1,884 medical records were evaluated, out of which 7.1% (n = 133) involved pedestrians. Men were the most frequent victims (68.4%), and victims of age 60 years old or over (30.5%) predominated. Almost one-third of the cases were recorded during the weekends (30.5%), and the most prevalent time was at night (52.7%). Regarding the type of vehicle involved, motorcycles predominated (47.4%). Head trauma was present in 37.6% of victims, while facial injuries corresponded to 8.2%. In 12% of cases, the victims died. The variables of gender, age group, occurrence on weekends, and trauma to the face showed a statistically significant association with the occurrence of traffic accidents (Chi-square test; p<0.05). Conclusion: Among pedestrian victims of traffic accidents, there is a predominance of men aged 65 years or over. Accidents are frequent at night, and motorcycles are the main vehicles involved. The presence of trauma to the skull and face regions is high.

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Breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants in Peringara Panchayat in Pathanamthitta District

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v3i01.11637 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Aswathy S. ◽

Lakshmi M. K.

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breastfeeding Practices ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Type Of Delivery ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

The study was aimed to assess the breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants in Peringara Gramapanchayat in Kerala. Study was a community based cross-sectional study among mothers of infants in Peringara gramapanchayat using a pretested questionnaire. 142 breastfeeding mothers of infants in Peringara gramapanchayat were studied and mothers who were not present at home during the study were excluded from the study. Study period consisted of 18 days between December 2015 and January 2016. Study variables includes type of delivery, initiation of breastfeeding, breastfeeding practices and role of ASHAs in promoting good breastfeeding practices. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson’s Chi-square test and T test. The study found that exclusive breastfeeding has been done by 68.3% of mothers. There is no practice of giving pre-lacteal feed, 95.8% of mothers have given colostrum to the new born. Statistically significant association was found between the type of delivery and time of initiation of breastfeeding (p less than 0.05). Time of initiation of breastfeeding was prolonged in case of Caesarean section. 49.3% of mothers have breastfed the baby within one hour. 55.6% of mothers were informed about importance of breastfeeding by ASHAs and only 20.4% of mothers were informed about period of exclusive breastfeeding and period of complimentary feeding by ASHAs.

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Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kinerja Tenaga Kesehatan Di Rawat INAP RSUD Batusangkar

Jurnal Endurance ◽

10.22216/jen.v3i3.3005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 440

Author(s):

Sri Handayani ◽

Puteri Fannya ◽

Putri Nazofah

Keyword(s):

Health Personnel ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Philippines ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Master Level

Based on data from the Indonesia Ministry of Health in 2015, In Indonesia, new professional nurses were just 2% of the total nurses. This figure was much lower than the Philippines which has reached 40% with bachelor and master level as their education. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age, and leadership with the performance of health personnel. The design of this research was analytical research with Cross Sectional Study. The population in this study was all nurses and doctors who served in the internal room, children, surgery and midwifery. Sampling using total sampling by questionnaires. The data was processed by univariate and bivariate analysis using Chi-square test. The result showed that 57,8% nurses had poor performance, 56,3% doctors had poor performance, 64,4% nurses had average age 26-35 years, 56,2% doctors had average age 36-45 years, 64.4% nurses have poor leadership, and 50.0% of doctors have less good leadership. There is a relationship between age and leadership with the performance of health personnel. Berdasarkan data kemenkes RI tahun 2015 jumlah tenaga kesehatan terbanyak yaitu perawat sebanyak 147.264 orang (45,65%). Di Indonesia, perawat profesional baru mencapai 2% dari total perawat yang ada. Angka ini jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan Filipina yang sudah mencapai 40% dengan pendidikan strata satu dan dua. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur, kepemimpinan dengan kinerja tenaga kesehatan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain penelitian analitik dengan Cross Sectional Study. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua perawat dan dokter. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan Total Sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Data diolah dengan analisis univariat menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 57,8% perawat memiliki kinerja kurang baik, 56,3% dokter memiliki kinerja kurang baik, 64,4% perawat memiliki umur rata-rata 26-35 tahun 64,4%, 56,2% dokter memiliki umur rata-rata 36-45 tahun, 64,4% perawat memiliki kepemimpinan kurang baik, 50,0% dokter memiliki kepemimpinan kurang baik. Terdapat hubungan antara umur dan kepemimpinan dengan kinerja tenaga kesehatan.

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