scholarly journals Highly selective penetration of red ink in a saline water

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 2265-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan-Juan Zhou ◽  
Dan Tian ◽  
Ji-Huan He
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Pollution Dispersion ◽  
Penetration Process ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Shed Light

Water pollution has become a major global problem and requires an immediate action. It was generally considered that pollutants were diffused gradually from surface to underwater region, where plants and animals should have less affected. However, diffusion of contamination is very slow in comparison with penetration. Here we show saline water has a highly selective penetration, and the penetration rate is much higher than that of diffusion. An experiment was carried out using a drop of red ink as a point pollution source to check both diffusion and penetration processes in various salt solutions with different concentrations, the salt concentration greatly affects the penetration process and there is a threshold value beyond which no penetration occurs. An imaged capillary is adopted in this paper to explain the selective penetration on a molecular scale, revealing that the salt concentration and temperature will greatly affect the capillary pressure and the penetration depth. Our results demonstrate that the penetration is the main pollution dispersion, and we anticipate our theory would shed light upon the major pollution problem from theoretical analysis to pollution control.

16. Waste Regulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 517-560
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fisher ◽  
Bettina Lange ◽  
Eloise Scotford
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Secondary Markets ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Fundamental Tension ◽  
Potential Pollution

This chapter focuses on waste regulation and how the notion of ‘waste’, which can give rise to serious environmental and health problems, is a legally constructed one. Unlike other pollution control regimes, waste regulation is focused on an identified pollution source, which is defined and characterized in legal terms. The chapter shows how difficult it can be to make the legal distinction between waste and non-waste. In regulating waste, there is a fundamental tension between minimizing the polluting impacts of waste (making waste a firm focus for regulation), and encouraging secondary markets that promote discarded material as a resource rather than a potential pollution problem (where ‘waste’ can be a poor characterization of material). Legal disputes over the definition of waste and how waste should be regulated are grappling with this policy tension in an increasingly circular economy for natural resources.

Research of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution and Prevention Measures

2013 ◽  
Vol 790 ◽  
pp. 445-448
Author(s):  
Pei Pei Shen ◽  
Lu Hua Yang ◽  
Zi Peng Guo ◽  
Hong Chao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

With the effectively control of the point source pollution, non-point source pollution has become the most serious pollution source in our country. In addition, the agricultural non-point source pollution control has become the most important part of the environmental protection. By referring to related journals, this article makes a comprehensive analysis on definition, characteristics, mechanism, harm and prevention countermeasures of agricultural non-point source pollution.

scholarly journals Strategy Analysis of Promoting Pollution Control of SMEs

2021 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 01025
Author(s):  
Yanying Zhang ◽  
Gui Jiang ◽  
Ziwei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Strategy Analysis ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
The Game Theory ◽  
The Government ◽  
Two Sides

The pollution problem of SMEs is an important problem to be solved in the process of China’s economic development. Based on the game theory, this paper takes the government and SMEs as the two sides of the game, constructing the game theory model of pollution control of SMEs, putting forward the strategies to promote the pollution control of SMEs according to the analysis results of the model.

A Philosophy of Industrial Air Pollution Control

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Herbert F. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Industrial Air Pollution ◽  
Legislative Procedures ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

It is time we settled down to a sensible, practical approach to solving the industrial air pollution problem. That is the goal of this paper: to take the sensationalism out and replace it with a sensible evaluation of the situation. The major points covered are 1 a brief review of historical facts, 2 an analysis of present conditions around the world, 3 what is industry’s responsibility, 4 a comparison of legislative procedures and their enforcement effectiveness, 5 the impact of air pollution control costs on worldwide markets, 6 suggestions for solutions.

Ga Penetration along the Grain Boundaries of Aluminum Alloys

2015 ◽  
Vol 363 ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Kseniia Kovaleva ◽  
Anastasiia Karpushkina ◽  
Gleb Litvinenko ◽  
Tatiana Popova ◽  
Alexey O. Rodin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Penetration Process ◽  
Cu Alloys

The Ga penetration process along grain boundaries of Al-based alloys while they are in contact with Ga containing aqueous solution was studied. It was shown that exposure in the solution at room temperature leads to the liquid Ga penetration process, which started with 3 minutes delay. The penetration rate for Al-4.7 % Zn (13 μm/s) is two times less than penetration rate in pure Al. As for Al-Cu alloys it was shown that penetration process occurs only for the alloys with 1.6 % Cu and less, but for larger value of Cu concentration Ga did not penetrate in Al. Comparison of the effect with pure Ga spreading over the alloys surface showed that the absence of penetration connected with absence of wetting.

scholarly journals Effect of drinking saline water on food and water intake, food digestibility, and nitrogen and mineral balances of rusa deer stags (Cervus timorensis russa)

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Yape Kii ◽  
G. McL. Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Food Digestibility ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe salinity tolerance of Javan rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) was investigated with seven stags, aged 4·5 years. Animals were offered a medium-quality chaffed lucerne hay and given five different levels of water salinity: (a) control (570 mg/kg of total dissolved salts (TDS)) and (b) ‘saline’ water with TDS contents of 1000, 3500, 6000 and 8500 mg/kg. Food intake, food digestibility and nitrogen balance were not affected by increasing salt concentration in drinking water, however the drinking water (DW) intake, the total (food plus drinking) water intake and the DW:dry-matter ratio increased with increasing salt concentration. Some deer given water containing 8500 mg TDS per kg showed signs of stress which included large between-day fluctuations in water intake, opening of the orbital gland, head shaking, and rapid breathing. Rusa deer can tolerate drinking water containing 6000 mg TDS per kg for at least 9 days without harmful effect but may be unable to tolerate water with 8500 mg TDS per kg.

scholarly journals Salinity Tolerance of Tamarind, Barbados Cherry, and Zapote Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 603A-603
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
Jose P. Morales-Payan
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Linear Relationships

Nursery experiments were conducted in the Dominican Republic to determine the tolerance of tamarind (Tamarindus indica), acerola or Barbados cherry (Malpighia punicifolia), and zapote (Calocarpum sapota) irrigation with saline water (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 dS/m) at different frequencies (every 24, 48, and 72 hours) during 60 days. Results indicate that tamarind was the less salt-sensitive and zapote the less salt-tolerant of the three species. Linear relationships were found between salt concentration and growth, with biomass accumulation decreasing as salinity and irrigation frequency increased.

Pollution control of industrial wastewater from soap and oil industries: a case study

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abdel-Gawad ◽  
M. Abdel-Shafy
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
The Public

Industrial wastewater from soap and oil industries represents a heavy pollution source on their receiving water body. This paper studies a case of pollution control at Tanta Soap and Oil Company, Banha Factory, Egypt. The factory production includes soap, edible oil, and animal fodder. About 4,347 m3/day of industrial wastewater effluent was discharged via gravity sewers to the public sewerage system. Most of the effluent was cooling water because the cooling process in the factory was open circle. In spite of the huge quantity of cooling water being disposed of, disposal of wastewater was violating pertinent legislation. Three procedures were used for controlling the pollution at the Banha Factory. Firstly, all open circuit cooling systems were converted to closed circuit thus reducing the quantity of the discharged wastewater down to 767 m3/day. Secondly, the heavily polluted oil and grease (O&G) wastewater from the refinery unit is treated via two gravity oil separator (GOS) units, dissolved air floatation (DAF), and biological units in order to reduce the high levels of O&G, BOD, COD, and SS to the allowable limits. Thirdly, the heavily polluted waste effluent from the ‘red water’ saponification unit is treated separately by acidification to convert the emulsified fatty acid to free form in order to be separated through an oil separation unit. The effluent is then passed to liming stage to neutralize excess acidity and precipitate some of the dissolved matters. The mixture is finally clarified and the pH is adjusted to the allowable limits. The effluent wastewater from the three processes is collected and mixed in a final equalization tank for discharging effluent to the public sewerage system. The characteristics of the effluent water are very good with respect to the allowable Egyptian limits for discharging effluent to the public sewerage system.

Observations on the biology of some morabine grasshoppers

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Blackith ◽  
RM Blackith
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Annual Life Cycle ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Do So

The Morabinae of Australia (0rthoptera : Eumastacidae) include species which come to maturity in the winter and those which do so in the summer; both have high threshold temperatures for development. For complete development nymphs of "winter" species require temperatures above 24�C in the later instars of the females, but "summer" species require high temperatures at all stages and in both sexes. The eggs require about 7 days of moisture and will then hatch, even if in dry sand, in about 30 days at 30-35�C; only the eggs of winter species will hatch at temperatures below 25�C. The eggs lose negligible amounts of water once partly developed. Water is absorbed until the weight of the egg is about doubled, but saline water is lethal above about 2% salt concentration and sublethal concentrations delay absorption of water. Adults rarely reach population densities greater than one morabine per square metre. The adults are long-lived, up to 16 weeks in the field and 30 weeks in the laboratory, and may move as much as 5 m in a week. Morabines have an annual life cycle with no true diapause. The eggs of some species may spend up to 6 months in the soil.

Investment Efficiency DEA Analysis of Pollution Control in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 4979-4983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Hua ◽  
Chen Xuan Hou ◽  
Yan Zhang Gu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Environmental Pollution Problem ◽  
Dea Analysis ◽  
Total Investment

Environmental problems have been obstacles hindering the countries and regions healthy development. How to scientifically and efficiently use the relatively limited fund to control environmental pollution problem is significant. Based on the model of DEA, this paper builds the evaluation index system of environmental pollution treatment investment to analyze environment pollution control investment efficiency. Results show that the main factor leading to the poor government efficiency is not the mount of money, but the unreasonable capital utilization. Nationwide 31 provinces and cities analysis data in China shows that the total investment waste reaches 1.97342 trillion yuan and the gap of emissions of three wastes including waste gas, waste water, solid waste between actual quantity and the ideal target quantity is respectively 26.49738 billion tons, 16.17551 billion tons and 26.49738 billion tons. This paper proves that DEA model is scientific and feasible to evaluate the environmental pollution governance efficiency.

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