scholarly journals System quanta as discrete units of behavior

2008 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Konstantin Viktorovich-Sudakov
Keyword(s):  
Discrete System ◽  
Dynamic Reconstruction ◽  
Life Activity ◽  
Dynamic Activity ◽  
Functional Systems ◽  
Continuous Evaluation ◽  
Motivation System ◽  
System Quantum ◽  
Different Levels

System quanta are specific operators in the dynamic activity of the organism's functional systems discovered by P. K. Anokhin. By the term 'system quantum' of life activities we propose to understand discrete system processes proceeding from any arising need up to its satisfactions. Every system quantum of behavior presents a self-regulating organization including the initial need, motivation, system architectonics as described above, intermediate and final results and continuous evaluation of the achieved results by dynamic reconstruction of acceptor of action's result. System quanta may be organized at different levels of life activity. These levels extend in their hierarchy from genes and functional systems of metabolic and autonomic level to zoo-social populations of animals and human communities. Every system quantum is also characterized by information properties. Information properties of every system quantum are closely related to the initial need and its satisfaction.

scholarly journals Fingerprinting and behavioural prediction rest on distinct functional systems of the human connectome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maron Mantwill ◽  
Martin Gell ◽  
Stephan Krohn ◽  
Carsten Finke
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Functional Systems ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Network Organisation

ABSTRACTThe prediction of inter-individual behavioural differences from neuroimaging data is a rapidly evolving field of research, focusing on individualised methods to describe human brain organisation on the single-subject level. One method that harnesses such individual signatures is functional connectome fingerprinting, which can reliably identify individuals from large study populations. While connectome fingerprints have been previously associated with individual cognitive function, these associations rest on indirect evidence.Contrasting with these previous reports, here we systematically investigate the link between connectome fingerprints and the prediction of behaviour on different levels of brain network organisation (individual edges, network interactions, topographical organisation, and edge variability), using 339 resting-state fMRI datasets from the Human Connectome Project.Our analysis revealed a significant divergence between connectivity signatures that discriminate between individuals and those predictive of behaviour on all levels of network organisation. Across different parcellation schemes, thresholds and prediction algorithms, we consistently find fingerprints in higher-order multimodal association cortices, while neural correlates of behaviour display a more variable topological distribution. Furthermore, we find the standard deviation of connections between subjects to be significantly higher in fingerprinting than in prediction, making inter-individual connection variability a possible separating marker.These results demonstrate that participant identification and behavioural prediction involve highly distinct functional systems of the human connectome, suggesting that connectome fingerprints are not as functionally relevant as previously believed. The present study thus calls for a re-evaluation of the significance of functional connectivity fingerprints in personalized medicine.

scholarly journals THE INFORMATIVE MECHANISMS OF SYSTEMIC ORGANIZATION OF PSYCHIC ACTIVITY

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
K. V. Sudakov
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Discrete System ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Systemic Organization ◽  
Functional Systems ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

In this review on the basis of functional systems theory developed by P. Anokhin theoretical approaches to informative mechanisms of systemic organization of psychic activity are presented. Author formulates the conception on discrete system quantums of psychic and behavioral activity from needs to its satisfaction and develops its informative equivalents. It was shown that informative equivalents of needs and its satisfaction are reflected in structures of action acceptors in the form of dynamic informative images. On the basis of acceptors of results of action informative systemic quantums are developed which constantly control its manifestation in behavioral systemic quantums. Informative systemic quantums are extracted in advance by predominate motivations and are associated with negative emotions of needs and positive emotions of their satisfaction. The content of this review confirms I.P. Pavlov’s foresight on possible confluence of material and idealistic processes in psychic human activity.

scholarly journals Impact of Leaf Occlusions on Yield Assessment by Computer Vision in Commercial Vineyards

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Rubén Íñiguez ◽  
Fernando Palacios ◽  
Ignacio Barrio ◽  
Inés Hernández ◽  
Salvador Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Continuous Evaluation ◽  
Commercial Vineyard ◽  
Occlusion Rate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Yield assessment has been identified as critical topic for grape and wine industry. Computer vision has been applied for assessing yield, but the accuracy was greatly affected by fruit occlusion affected by leaves and other plant organs. The objective of this work was the consistent, continuous evaluation of the impact of leaf occlusions in different commercial vineyard plots at different defoliation stages. RGB (red, green and blue) images from five Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyards were manually acquired using a digital camera under field conditions at three different levels of defoliation: no defoliation, partial defoliation and full defoliation. Computer vision was used for the automatic detection of different canopy features, and for the calibration of regression equations for the prediction of yield computed per vine segment. Leaf occlusion rate (berry occlusion affected by leaves) was computed by machine vision in no defoliated vineyards. As occlusion rate increased, R2 between bunch pixels and yield was gradually reduced, ranging from 0.77 in low occlusion, to 0.63.

scholarly journals Health technology assessment in Catalonia: An overview of past and future perspectives

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (S1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol de Solà-Morales ◽  
Alicia Granados
Keyword(s):  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Continuous Evaluation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Objectives:The current and past situation of health technology assessment (HTA) in Catalonia is presented in this study.Methods:The approach used here is a historical review of facts and landmarks.Results:Spain has undergone radical change in many aspects, but the changes in healthcare provision have been major indeed. Catalonia has had the ability to benefit from these changes and has been able to build upon professionals' experience and expertise to development a consistent HTA network and continuous evaluation paradigm. The early involvement of the Catalan Agency for Health Technology Assessment (CAHTA) in several relevant HTA international initiatives and the relationship of CAHTA and Research with other HTA agencies in Spain is also stressed.Conclusions:HTA is currently of common use in Catalonia for decision making at different levels. Now emphasis has to be put on the coming challenges that the HTA community will have to face in the coming years: uncontrolled demand, capacity scarcity, a rapidly evolving knowledge frontier, and insufficient input from the economic sphere into evaluations.

scholarly journals The Implementation and Studying of “Life Activity Safety” as a Basis of Modern Safety Culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-331
Author(s):  
Vesselin Madanski
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Life Activity ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Dynamics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Fundamental Values ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The implementation and studying of “Life Activity Safety” as an academic and scientific discipline will contribute to the formation in the individual and in the public of a world outlook on the values and goals for the safety of their life activity in the new post-industrial era through a complete review of human safety issues at different levels in this currently changed environment. The safety environment that will affect the state of our security will be characterized by numerous and asymmetric factors, high dynamics, indefiniteness, complex and difficult to predict processes, while the advancement of the higher education and of the research and scientific work form the basis for undertaking actions in the outlining and implementation of sector and common national policies for the development of the individual and the society. The overall concept of safety as an activity of people and their societies to study, prevent, diminish, eliminate, and deflect the dangers and threats that could destroy them and deprive them of fundamental values, inflict unacceptable damage and obstruct their progress are the rationale for the structure, subject-matter and content of the suggested discipline aiming at educating high school and university students in the underlying principles of life activity safety.

Progressive Multimedia Exposure for Specific Phobias: A Clinical Case of Claustrophobia and Acrophobia

2021 ◽  
pp. 153465012110072
Author(s):  
Antonio Ruiz-García ◽  
Luis Valero-Aguayo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Continuous Evaluation ◽  
Specific Phobias ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Fear Of Heights

We present a multimedia exposure intervention for specific phobias using images and videos in a specific case of claustrophobia and acrophobia. The patient was a 47-year-old woman named “Jane” (anonymized name) who was diagnosed with fear of heights (acrophobia) and fear of confined spaces and enclosed areas (claustrophobia). The procedure was a single-case A-B design with several concurrent baselines, pre-post measurements, and two follow-ups (6 and 12 months). For the assessment, there were several questionnaires on anxiety and phobias and the continuous evaluation of anxiety and heart rate during treatment assays for each session. The treatment consisted of eight sessions of progressive multimedia exposure: images, videos, and in vivo settings. The results showed a decrease in the score for pre-post questionnaires ( Z = −4.196, p < .0010) and also a total decrease in anxiety in the different baselines (PND 100%). The benefits were maintained during 1 year of follow-up. After the treatment, “Jane” could be confronted with situations she previously feared, such as being on floors of different levels (up to ninth floor), in closed places, in crowded elevators, and traveling on buses and trains for long distances.

Dependence of Intergranular Fracture on Boundary Topography and Cohesion

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
J. E. Doherty ◽  
A. F. Giamei ◽  
B. H. Kear ◽  
C. W. Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Boundary Shear ◽  
Room Temperature Ductility ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Solution Matrix ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Base Superalloy

Recently we have been investigating a class of nickel-base superalloys which possess substantial room temperature ductility. This improvement in ductility is directly related to improvements in grain boundary strength due to increased boundary cohesion through control of detrimental impurities and improved boundary shear strength by controlled grain boundary micros true tures.For these investigations an experimental nickel-base superalloy was doped with different levels of sulphur impurity. The micros tructure after a heat treatment of 1360°C for 2 hr, 1200°C for 16 hr consists of coherent precipitates of γ’ Ni3(Al,X) in a nickel solid solution matrix.

Immunoenzymatic demonstration of the simultaneous presence of transferrin, hemopexin and albumin in a same hepatocyte and their ultrastructural localization

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
M. Kraemer ◽  
J. Foucrier ◽  
J. Vassy ◽  
M.T. Chalumeau
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Monospecific Antisera ◽  
Different Levels

Some authors using immunofluorescent techniques had already suggested that some hepatocytes are able to synthetize several plasma proteins. In vitro studies on normal cells or on cells issued of murine hepatomas raise the same conclusion. These works could be indications of an hepatocyte functionnal non-specialization, meanwhile the authors never give direct topographic proofs suitable with this hypothesis.The use of immunoenzymatic techniques after obtention of monospecific antisera had seemed to us useful to bring forward a better knowledge of this problem. We have studied three carrier proteins (transferrin = Tf, hemopexin = Hx, albumin = Alb) operating at different levels in iron metabolism by demonstrating and localizing the adult rat hepatocytes involved in their synthesis.Immunological, histological and ultrastructural methods have been described in a previous work.

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