scholarly journals Changing Educational Governance in Spain: Decentralisation and Control in the Autonomous Communities

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Pereyra
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Education System ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Educational Governance ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This article explores the impact of change in the governance of education in Spain by exploring the views of system actors engaged in education policy-making in two autonomous communities within the Spanish state. The interviews reflect on the long process of reform of education in Spain, and the shaping principles of that reform. They also consider the ways in which the process has altered as Spanish society has changed. A key issue is the tension between the legacy of a history of centralisation and the pressure for modernisation, which is seen to require decentralisation. Issue that relate to the definition of ‘national identity’ within a decentralised education system are also considered.

Integrating Ideas into Policy-Making Analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1054-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Bleich
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Policy Frames ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
History Of Race ◽  
Cross National

This article argues that systematically integrating ideas into policy-making analysis greatly enhances our understanding of policy outcomes. Variables emphasized by other schools of thought—such as power, interests, institutions, and problems—often provide an inadequate explanation of policy choices. To demonstrate the contribution of ideas to policy-making analysis, this article examines the impact of policy frames, showing how they help actors define their interests, generate interpretations of pressing problems, and constrain actions. Retracing the history of race policy development in Britain and France reveals that each country's frames influenced domestic policy outcomes and thus played a vital role in explaining cross-national race policy differences.

Viewing the Contamination of Student Achievement Through the Lens of Poverty

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-209
Author(s):  
Cheryl Ann Slattery
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Role Models ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Culture Of Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Federal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This chapter addresses the growing number in the underserved population of school-age children and their families who live in poverty and raises awareness as to how that factor directly contaminates student achievement. It is important to understand the federal definition of poverty and the attendant unique social environment. This chapter highlights an appreciation for the history of American race relations and its role in poverty-related behavior, as well as examines the inherent biases prevalent in American communities and schools that work to restrict opportunities for underprivileged families and children. It explores the impact of changing a culture of poverty through the lens of schools and role models, subsequently understanding multidisciplinary approaches for eliminating policies that alienate and exclude the poor. It includes best practices in pedagogy, services, and support for marginalized populations that will illuminate for the practitioner how the contamination of student achievement occurs and empowers them to assist those trapped by poverty.

scholarly journals Insights into PCDD/Fs and PAHs in Biomass Boilers Envisaging Risks of Ash Use as Fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4951
Author(s):  
Helena Lopes ◽  
Susana Proença
Keyword(s):  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Toxic Equivalents ◽  
One Year ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biomass Ashes

Since ashes are a possible source of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) contamination, their application in soils must be subject to more study and control. In this scope, feed residual forest biomasses and biomass ashes, collected along one year in four biomass power stations, were characterized mainly for their polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) contents. The biomasses present concerning levels of Cl (0.04–0.28%) that may lead to PCDD/Fs formation. The biomasses also contain OCDD (29–260 ng/kg) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD (35 ng/kg) that may contribute to increased Toxic Equivalents (TEQs) of ashes, possibly involving dechlorination and ash enrichment mechanisms. While the WHO2005-TEQs in bottom ashes (14–20 ng TEQ/kg) reaches the proposed limit (20 ng TEQ/kg) for ash use as fertilizers, in fly ashes (35–1139 ng TEQ/kg) the limit is exceeded. PAHs are below 0.02 mg/kg in bottom ashes and 1.5–2.5 mg/kg in fly ashes, complying with the proposed limit of 6 mg/kg. As bottom and fly ash streams may contain different ash flows, a clear definition of ash mixes is required. Correlations between unburned carbon (C), PAHs and PCDD/Fs were not found, which highlights the need for compulsory PCDD/Fs analysis in ashes, independently of their origin, burnout degree or levels of other contaminants. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of handling non-detected values, which showed more impact for TEQs values close to the proposed regulatory limit of PCDD/Fs. These findings highlight the need to define reporting protocols of analytical results for risk assessments and conformity evaluation.

Setting the scene and ICH GCP in clinical and healthcare research

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This chapter looks at the purpose and history of the development of good clinical practice (GCP). The international conference on harmonisation (ICH) GCP is the international quality standard for conducting clinical research to ensure the rights and well-being of patients are protected and the resulting data are valid. The cornerstone of ethics in research stems from the Declaration of Helsinki and the chapter looks at the changes in the Declaration and the impact on clinical trials. The development of the ICH process is described and the E, S, Q and M guidelines are discussed, The efficacy guidelines affect the practical aspects of trials and the efficacy guideline number 6 (E6) is on GCP. The content of the E6 guidelines is reviewed including the responsibilities of ethics committees, investigator and sponsor. Documentation requirements including the Protocol and Investigator Brochure as well as all the other documents are outlined. The guidelines are written to be interpreted and companies and institutions have to document their interpretation using standard operating procedures (SOPs). Although ICH GCP is regarded as the world-wide standard it sits alongside countries' legislation. In Europe CTIMPs have to follow the EU Directives and Regulation. Non pharmaceutical/non interventional healthcare research has no legal requirements to adhere to ICH GCP and is carried out under different research governance frameworks (RGF), however they all have their principles based on ICH GCP. The chapter also discusses the definition of an IMP and the decisions and processes that have to be followed when conducting non CTIMP studies.

scholarly journals Risk factors of bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease and «OVERLAP» syndrome asthma-COPD among adults in Ekaterinburg

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
V C Abdullaev ◽  
E K Beltyukov ◽  
V V Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Overlap Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Actual Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over 40 Years

Topicality. Prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA) and COPD achieves in different countries 18 and 20% respectively. The prevalence of «OVERLAP» syndrome - ASTHMA/COPD in Russia is unknown. Objective. To determine the prevalence ofBA, COPD and «OVERLAP» syndrome - ASTHMA/COPD. Materials and methods. The study included a survey using a specially developed questionnaire to identify asthma-like symptoms (ALS), risk factors for BA, COPD, and the definition of FEV^ FEV^FVC in adults in Ekaterinburg. Results. The study has revealed that the risk factors for developing ALS are exposure to tobacco smoke and age over 40 years. The impact of allergens and family history of allergy are less significant. Decrease of spirometry indices is associated with smoking, age over 40 years and the presence of ALS. The diagnostic criteria for the «OVERLAP» syndrome - ASTHMA/COPD were developed based on the answers to the questionnaire on ALS, risk factors and the results of the screening spirometry. Conclusions. Preliminary prevalence ofBA, COPD, «OVERLAP» syndrome - ASTHMA/COPD and actual risk factors have been established in Ekaterinburg in 2018. Unfavorable situation with prevalence of smoking in Ekaterinburg has been showing.

scholarly journals Efecto del ambiente digital SIMAS en la comunicación, la actitud y las estrategias pedagógicas utilizadas por docentes: validación de dos áreas y niveles del sistema educativo / Effect of the SIMAS Digital Environment in the Communication, Attitude and the Pedagogical Strategies Used by Teachers: Validation of two Areas and Levels of the Education System

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Lucumi Useda ◽  
Martha Alexandra González Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Learning Spaces ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTThe article shows the project "effect of digital ambient SIMAS  in the communication, the attitude and the pedagogics strategies used by teachers: validation  of two areas and levels of educative system" It has been developed with experimental groups (used SIMAS) and control groups (using plane text in the Escuela Normal Superior de Ubate (ENSU) and the Fundacion de Educacion Superior Nueva America (FESNA) The advances are: 1. Definition of categories of strategies of study of teachers communication, teachers actitudes in learning spaces  and practices of pedagogics strategies used by teachers. 2. Make and application of instruments for collected datas.RESUMENEl proyecto “Efecto del ambiente digital SIMAS (Sistema de Marcos para el Aprendizaje Significativo) en la comunicación, la actitud y las estrategias pedagógicas utilizadas por docentes: validación de dos áreas y niveles del sistema educativo”, Se desarrolla en dos escenarios; uno es la Escuela Normal Superior Ubaté (ENSU) con cuatro grupos experimentales (usan SIMAS) cuya población objeto de estudio se distribuye así: un grupo de preescolar, un grupo del III Semestre del Programa de Formación Continua PFC, un grupo grado 706 y un grupo grado 1102; y tres grupos control (usan texto plano): un grupo grado 702, un grupo grado 1103 y un grupo I Semestre del PFC. El otro escenario es la Fundación de Educación Superior Nueva América (FESNA) y la población de esta institución se traduce en un grupo experimental, I Semestre de Fundamentos de Mercadeo y un grupo control I semestre de Habilidades Comunicativas. Como principales avances del proyecto a la fecha se pueden citar dos: 1) la definición de tres categorías de estudio, Estrategias de comunicación docente en ambientes de aprendizaje; Actitud de docentes en ambientes de aprendizaje mediados por tecnología; y, Prácticas y estrategias pedagógicas utilizadas por los docentes. Estas categorías sirvieron como insumo importante para la construcción del estado del arte, que próximamente será publicado en la revista Tecné, Episteme y Didaxis: TED de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. 2) Elaboración y aplicación de los instrumentos para la recolección de datos en campo, entrevista a docentes, prueba de percepción docente, encuesta a estudiantes y plantilla para el registro de observaciones. Contacto principal: [email protected]

scholarly journals Evolution of customer focus: from artisans and family businesses to CRM-systems

E-Management ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
A. V. Malkova
Keyword(s):  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Customer Focus ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The process of evolution of such phenomenon as customer focus and its impact on the formation of trade relations has been considered. In order to study the phenomenon as a whole and the factors that influenced the changes in particular, a retrospective analysis from the era of craftsmanship to the present day has been made. Special attention has been paid to industrial revolutions as stimulators of change, and to the peculiar boundaries of the periods of using different approaches to trade and business interaction. The article also touches on the topic of direct marketing, as a prototype of today’s business relations. In addition to the history of marketing and the impact of industrial revolutions on the development of the relationship between seller and buyer, the paper considered and analysed such a phenomenon as the automation of production in order to create a fullfledged picture, reflecting the reasons for the creation, the essence and relevance of CRM-systems in the modern world. CRM-systems in this article have been considered as one of the tools of customer focus methodology, which facilitates the interaction between participants in business relationships, as well as serving as a centralized directory of information about the customers. The initial and, consequently, the ultimate goal of the study was to create an interconnected scheme for the formation of a modern system of customer focus and definition of the role of CRM-systems in the whole process.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE TELEMATIC COMPANIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Elena Dadelytė ◽  
Alma Mačiulytė-Šniukienė
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Innovation is an important driver of economic progress, benefiting consumers, business and the economy as whole. However, innovation companies face high risks because innovation requires a lot of resources, and it is difficult to predict a payback period in advance. This is common for all types of innovation, but especially to technological innovation. One of the least researched technological innovations is telematics, innovative transport monitoring and control technology solutions. Those are widely applied in logistics, car-sharing platforms and the public transport sector. These innovations help to achieve the goals of the companies that buy and install them, but question what impact they have on the competitiveness of the companies that create these innovations remains a matter of debate. To fill this gap, the purpose of this article is to determine the impact of technological innovation on the competitiveness of telematics companies. In pursuit of this goal, the concepts of technological innovation and competitiveness are revealed. The definition of telematics innovation and its significance for the competitiveness of enterprises was also formed. The empirical part discusses the telematics market, provides the analysis of the main competitiveness indicators of 8 telematics companies and their changes, as well as the analysis of the research and development (R&D) costs and the impact of innovations on competitiveness. Applied research methods: a critical analysis of scientific literature, generalization, systematization of data, computation, and comparison of relative indicator, data dispersion indicator, and dynamics indicator, correlation, and regression analysis. The research reveals that creation and development innovation are related to competitiveness of telematics companies. However, excessive investment into innovation no longer generates positive return.

scholarly journals MEDIA ART IN MODERN SYNTHESIS OF ARTS IN ARCHITECTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Tetiana Rusevych ◽  
Hanna Zavadska
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Modern Synthesis ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Media Art ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The article substantiates the problem of synthesis of media art in the modern synthesis of arts in architecture, provides a definition of the term " Media Art" as a higher form of artistic development. Attention is paid to the analysis of recent research and publications devoted to the study of the artistic component of interactive design in the synthesis of the arts of architectural space, the influence of media technologies on the formation of the architectural image of art centers, describing trends in media technology in architecture. The purpose of the article is to consider the forms of media art, their role in the synthesis of arts in architecture. The article emphasizes the objects created and embodied in Ukraine, describes the synthesis of arts from the angle of influence of media art on human perception and outlines the prospects for development. The history of the synthesis of arts in architecture from ancient times, the development of the synthesis of arts in the Art Nouveau style, the preconditions for the emergence of media art are briefly described. The synthesis of media art and architecture, interaction with other arts, namely painting, sculpture, music and others is considered on the example of the multimedia center Atelier des Lumières – "Workshop of the World" in Paris, which specializes in digital art exhibitions; Ukraine WOW exhibition in Kyiv, which is equipped with various forms of media art; media facades in Kyiv; media cube on the facade of Chicago Central House, which is the first media sculpture in Europe. The definition of "media facades" is also given and the influence of media technologies on the emotional and psychological state of a person is considered. Examples of interaction of various forms of media art with architecture are given. The conclusions determine the role of media art in architecture, the impact of media technology on human psychology, outline the prospects for the development of media art in the modern synthesis of arts in architecture.

scholarly journals History of substance use and control in British Guiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellie Moss ◽  
Deborah Toner
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Licensing Laws

Whilst the impact of drugs on the culture of Caribbean societies and Indigenous populations is well documented, their role in maintaining influence over an ethnically diverse population and regulating labour productivity are frequently overlooked. In this paper we examine the use of drugs as a means of compelling and retaining labour in British Guiana during the nineteenth century. We also assess changes over time in how the colonial state managed concerns that the use of intoxicants threatened its control over the labouring population through licensing laws, carceral institutions and the criminalisation of certain drugs.

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