The Unfinished Republic

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-157
Author(s):  
José Murilo de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
New Era ◽  
Direct Election ◽  
Constituent Assembly ◽  
The People ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
The Press ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
New Republic ◽  
The Republic

The celebration of the centennial of the Brazilian Republic (1889-1989) was marked by a few events of academic or civic nature and no enthusiasm whatsoever. It has been observed that the bicentennial of the French Revolution aroused more interest in the people of Brazil. The reasons for this are not difficult to understand. Two seem to have particular relevance. First, is the recent memory of a military regime (1964-1985) in the minds of the people. The proclamation of the Republic on 15 November 1889 is generally held to be the making of the Brazilian military; it would be somewhat embarrassing to celebrate the actions of yesterday's enemies.The second reason relates to the disappointment felt among the populace with the New Republic—the name given to the civilian government inaugurated in 1985. The New Republic rode in on the crest of huge mass demonstrations, the most impressive ever to take place in the country. These people called for the end of military rule and the direct election of a civilian president. In 1985 a civilian president took over, although not chosen by direct election, and a constituent assembly drafted a new constitution. Freedom of the press was restored and the people lived in great hope that a new era had finally dawned for the nation. Four years later, in 1989, a new constitution was in effect, and the fundamental precepts of a democratic system—the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary branches of government; a free press; multiple political parties; and a politicized populace—were all in place.

scholarly journals Professionalism of the Regional General Elections Commission (Komisi Pemilihan Umum Daerah or KPUD) and the Regional Elections Monitoring Agency (Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Daerah or Bawaslu Daerah) in Realizing Quality District Head's Elections

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Jantje Tjiptabudy
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Unitary State ◽  
The People ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Regional Elections

District head's elections as implementation realization of sovereignty of the people undertaken in democratic system, for sure, shall subject to principles and concept of district head's elections. KPUD and Regional Bawaslu as the district head's elections organizers are obliged to execute professional and quality district head's elections based on the 4 (four) conceptual elements of district head's elections as follows: (1) as a means of sovereignty of the people, (2) it is conducted in a direct, general, free and secret as well as honest and fair manner, (3) it is conducted in Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and (4) it is based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.   Implementation of district head's elections, in reality, is full of various violations, especially for the number of votes obtained by foul manner such as vote distension. This condition is obviously seen by the people showing that KPUD and Regional Bawaslu are not capable in performing their duties as the agency of district head's elections. Definitely, it affects quality of district head's elections or legitimation of the elected district head. In fact, lots of factors affect professionalism of KPUD and Regional Bawaslu such as capability of human resources, low alimony rate compared to their responsibility load, and also integrity of KPUD and Regional Bawaslu. Other factor which has escaped attention is morality of the members of KPUD and Regional Bawaslu.

scholarly journals Problematics of Direct Elections for Local Head after the Amendment of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
M. Tauchid Noor ◽  
Kamarudin Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
General Election ◽  
New Order ◽  
Local Election ◽  
Direct Election ◽  
Old Order ◽  
The People ◽  
Election System ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Local Leaders

The amendment of the 1945 Constitution sets that governors, regents, and local mayors are democratic in their election, originally selected by the legislative assembly and latterly sifted into direct election from the people. Based on the regulation No. 22 of 2007, it states that the election of local leader and co-leader is characterized as the part of general election regime, and thus it brings impact on local election, which should run directly as well. This article examines the arising problems on local election after the amendment of the 1945 Constitution, which reveals various problematic factors in the implementation of direct election for local head has been officially established. Indonesia has run local election many times in different eras, including in Dutch colonialism, Japan colonialism, and post-independence era. In post-independence era, Indonesia also has various political climates and traditions and including Old Order, New Order, and reformation era. The alteration of this general election system aims to provide fair democracy for all people to vote for their local leaders. The implementation, however, encounters several factors and problems derived from the level of participation up to the readiness of local election committee.

scholarly journals Oleg Serebrian, Politica și identitatea națională ieri și azi / Politics and National Identity Yesterday and Today

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-161
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Science ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
American School ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The People ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic

The author discusses how the concept of “national identity” has been defined and expressed throughout different ages, peoples and schools of thought. The relation between religious, class-based, or national identity and political ideologies is being carefully observed, starting from the medieval period into the modern age, not only in Europe, but also in the East. What happens with national identity? Is it, based on old social science schools, inherited or acquired? Here appears one of the initial distinctions between two opposing concepts of the national identity: the German understanding, originating from J. Fichte and the German romantics, according to which a nation is linked by a common origin, the common identity of the people, history and language (Volksgeist) versus the Franco-American school, which originated in the French revolution, stating that a nation is built not on common history, but is rather a societal outcome, being based on politics, adherence to the values of the Republic and loyalty to the state. In the contemporary period the French concept has been predominant and was taken over by the American school of thought.

scholarly journals Konsep Negara dan Relevansi Terhadap NKRI Perspektif Emha Ainun Nadjib

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-295
Author(s):  
Muh. Ainun Najib
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Scientific Quality ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The People ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Head Of Government

State and power are two things that cannot be separated from one another. Substantially, both have the main purpose of creating prosperity for the people. In fact, the Indonesia's democratic system seems to be imperfect. Therefore, it needs to have reorientation and revitalization of the concept in its implementation. The thought of Muhammad Ainun Najib (Cak Nun), in this context, is an alternative offer, such as; first, there is a distinction between state institutions and government institutions, between the head of state and the head of government, for the sake of creating political stability and the administration of the good governance; second, the criteria of a leader need to have scientific quality that is not only knowing issues of the personal and group interests, but also understanding in detail about the life of the regions; third, Indonesia should have five national pillars such as people, Indonesian National Army (TNI), intellectuals, customs and culture, as well as spiritual powers. Those five pillars are supposed to support the upright and the solid state of the Republic of Indonesia.

scholarly journals Direct Election of President and Vice President In Pancasila Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-430
Author(s):  
Sonny Taufan ◽  
Risang Pujiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Direct Election ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic

AbstractAfter the amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the Election of President and Vice President was not conducted by the People's Consultative Assembly but voted directly by the people. Amendment to the provision for the election of President and Vice President have invited debate, partly because they are deemed incompatible with Pancasila. This study examines the appropriateness of the presidential and vice-presidential election based on Pancasila. The research method uses normative juridical, using secondary data obtained through literature study and qualitative analysis. The result and discussion of this research are that the implementation of the election of President and Vice President based is in accordance with Pancasila, especially with the fourth principle.Keywords: Democracy, Direct Election, and Pancasila AbstrakSetelah amandemen Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, Pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden tidak dilakukan oleh Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat tetapi dilaksanakan langsung oleh rakyat. Amandemen terhadap ketentuan untuk pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden telah mengundang perdebatan, sebagian karena mereka dianggap tidak sesuai dengan Pancasila. Studi ini mengkaji kelayakan ketentuan pemilihan presiden dan wakil presiden berdasarkan Pancasila. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi literatur dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil dan pembahasan penelitian ini adalah bahwa pelaksanaan pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden berdasarkan Pancasila sudah sesuai dengan Pancasila, terutama dengan prinsip keempatKata Kunci: Demokrasi, Pemilihan Langsung, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, Pancasila. АннотацияПосле внесения поправки в Конституцию Республики Индонезия 1945 года выборы президента и вице-президента не проводились Народной Консультативной Ассамблеей, а проводились непосредственно всенародными выборами в Индонезии. Поправки к положениям о выборах президента и вице-президента вызвали дебаты, отчасти потому, что они считаются несовместимыми с Панчасилой. В этом исследовании рассматривается соответствие принятия положений о президентских и вице-президентских выборах на основе Панчасилы. Метод исследования – нормативно-юридический, используя вторичные данные, полученные в результате изучения литературы и проанализируемые качественным методом. Результаты и обсуждение этого исследования заключаются в том, что осуществление выборов президента и вице-президента на основе Панчасилы соответствует Панчасиле, особенно четвёртому принципу.Ключевые слова: Демократия, Прямые Выборы, Президент и Вице-Президент, Панчасила.

scholarly journals Liberal-democratic values of the Polish Сonstitution of 1921

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
L.S. Protosavitska
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The People ◽  
Article Analysis ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Republic

Examining the liberal-democratic values ​​of the Polish Сonstitution of 1921, the author clarified the conditions under which the Polish state was formed in 1918. In general, the paper examines all sections of the constitution of March 17, 1921, carried out an article-by-article analysis of the basic law of the Polish state. Polish statehood was restored as a result of geopolitical changes following the First World War, including the victory of the Entente. Based on the guarantees contained in Woodrow Wilson's program, the Poles restored the Polish state. The Polish state in the postwar period faced a large number of political, social, economic and psychological problems that stood in the way of land integration and overcoming the gap with Western European states. It was found that the Constitution of March 17, 1921, in contrast to previous constitutional acts, established a clear division of power into legislative, executive and judicial, proclaimed the rights and freedoms of citizens. The Constitution stated that the supreme power in the republic belongs to the people. Both houses of parliament - the Seimas and the Senate - were not equal under the 1921 Constitution. Constitutional powers enabled parliament to revise and amend the constitution. It is noted that the executive power belonged to the President together with the relevant ministers. As for the judiciary, it belonged to independent courts. The constitution guaranteed broad rights to its citizens, as well as clearly defining the range of responsibilities that everyone had to perform properly. Thus, on the basis of the analysis conducted by the author, it was found that the Polish state adopted the model of the democratic system of France, and in terms of legislative activity also Weimar Germany. The Constitution of Poland incorporates such values ​​as citizenship and responsibility of the citizen, constitutionalism, freedom of speech, human dignity, honor and tolerance, freedom of conscience and justice, social order and equality.

scholarly journals Issues Management of Islamic Political Parties to Election Campaign in 2019

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Wuri Arenggoasih
Keyword(s):  
Case Study Research ◽  
Issues Management ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
The People ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Islamic Parties ◽  
Islamic Political Parties ◽  
Islamic Party

In accordance with Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia recognizes the religion and protects the freedom of the people in carrying out its religious teachings. Indonesia is a plural country because of the diversity of beliefs and the beliefs held by the community. But because of this diversity, Indonesia has a sensitivity especially associated with religious issues. In the last two years, the establishment of the negative issues about Islam has been increasing. Consequently, Islam is cornered in Indonesia. This situation is feared to be able to further exacerbate the potential for votes for the Islamic parties in the 2019 election. Therefore, the concept of issues management of Chase W. Howard model is used in this study to answer how the management of the Islamic party issues is to face the 2019 Election. The research method used is the qualitative descriptive approach in the interpretive paradigm with the design of case study research. The results of the research show that the Islamic party has exceeded all elements on the issues management of Chase model. These elements become the step of the Islamic party against the issues of Islam and exist in the democratic system, especially for the 2019 election without reducing the sense of peace in Indonesia.

The Story of Success Istanbul

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Czyżewska
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Fishing Boat ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Press ◽  
Social Scene ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Republic ◽  
International Airlines ◽  
Hilton Hotel

Between the East and the West - The Istanbul Hilton bore many colloquial names, the press called it ‘Conrad’s Palace’, Hilton’s employees called it ‘Little America’ and the people of Istanbul called it ‘The Ship’. Irrespective of the name, there is no doubt that the hotel changed the social scene of 1950s’ Istanbul and opened its oriental door to the West. Most visitors to Istanbul these days arrive at one of the city’s international airports, but it is still quite easy to imagine that one gets off the Orient Express and is suddenly transported to the oriental world of bright colours, a myriad of smells, the buzz of the Grand Bazar and the sound of muezzins calling for the evening prayer. When you arrive at the Sirkeci Station, you find yourself just a step away from the Eminönü harbour where local men wait for their daily catch on the Galata bridge. You can stop for a minute to taste grilled fish sandwiches served directly from the fishing boat. Head north, up narrow cobbled streets, leaving the monumental Galata tower on your left, and reach Taksim Square where local socialites meet for coffee and a slice of pistachio baklava. You can also accept a shopkeeper’s invitation for a quick glass of çay – he won’t charge you a penny, it is merely a local way of saying “hello, you are welcome”. One can easily imagine going back in time, men wearing their finest suits and ladies showing off expensive pearls and fashionably tailored hats. You can hear İlham Gencer playing piano in one of many fancy coffee houses. Men are busy competing in a round of Okey while ladies catch up with daily gossip. The time moves slowly here, the air is hot and sticky, people hide from the sun in the shade of Judas trees. Leaving the Republic Monument behind you, head into Cumhuriyet Street. Passing lush Gezi Park and the offices of many international airlines and shipping companies shaded by the alley of trees, and look to your right. There it is, the majestic Hilton Hotel, symbol of modernity, comfort and globalization. This is Conrad’s Palace in Istanbul.

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