Opium in Java: A Sinister Friend

1985 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Dutch Colonial

Opium smoking has long since disappeared as a social phenomenon in Java. But in the last century, and during the early decades of this one, smoking opium was a widespread custom in much of the island—the daily habit of hundreds of thousands, a routine part of social life among men in many regions, and a source of considerable profit to the Dutch colonial state. This article addresses the subject of opium in Java; it concentrates on the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, the historical period during which opium smoking was most widespread in Java and for which the most abundant documentary resources exist.

Bringing Order to Chaos: The Appropriation of Maithili by Colonial State, c 1870s–1940s

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-246
Author(s):  
Sneha Jha
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Colonial Policies ◽  
The Government

This article, through the use of several surveys, grammar books and articles on language written by colonial officials, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, has explored how language became an instrument in the exercise of colonial power in Bihar in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Taking the case of a particular language Maithili, spoken in the Mithila region of Bihar, the paper has engaged with the suggestion by Bernard S. Cohn that the history of language can help us understand the mechanism of power in a colonial context. The aspirations of the rulers, as well as the intended and unintended implications caused by such experiments, are worth examining. They would help us answer many general questions about colonial policies and power – not just on the theme of language – such as the following: How does one situate the understanding of the rulers while writing a history of colonialism? How do different debates among the colonial administrators shape the policies of the government, and what does that tell us about the nature of colonial rule? How does one see the role of the ‘native’, both as an informant as well as the subject of study? How does one read the native agency?

John Lloyd Williams (1854–1945): profile of a Snowdonian botanist

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Dewi Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Major Study ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Nineteenth

John Lloyd Williams was an authority on the arctic-alpine flora of Snowdonia during the late nineteenth century when plant collecting was at its height, but unlike other botanists and plant collectors he did not fully pursue the fashionable trend of forming a complete herbarium. His diligent plant-hunting in a comparatively little explored part of Snowdonia led to his discovering a new site for the rare Killarney fern (Trichomanes speciosum), a feat which was considered a major achievement at the time. For most part of the nineteenth century plant distribution, classification and forming herbaria, had been paramount in the learning of botany in Britain resulting in little attention being made to other aspects of the subject. However, towards the end of the century many botanists turned their attention to studying plant physiology, a subject which had advanced significantly in German laboratories. Rivalry between botanists working on similar projects became inevitable in the race to be first in print as Lloyd Williams soon realized when undertaking his major study on the cytology of marine algae.

Foto-Etnografi dalam Proses Penciptaan Karya Seni Fotografi

Panggung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Datoem
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Digital Photography ◽  
Cultural Representation ◽  
Visual Anthropology ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Emotional Approach

ABSTRACT This article aims at deepening the possibility of utilizing the art of photography that is rich of sig- nificance of the socio-cultural representation. The visual ethnographic field or photo-ethnography, which is relatively new, can provide assistance and answer for this. Therefore, the author has tried a form of collaboration between the photo-ethnographic approach and the sense approach in doing his research on the subject in order to obtain the deep understanding and the truth significance attached to them. The method of digital photography art creation which is intuitively the basis of the art cre- ation in digital domain, then was tried to be formulated, based on heuristics research in the process of the art of digital photography. This concept was developed from the experience in the field of digital photography and visual anthropology, guided by the basic theories of creativity, quantum theory in art, and theory of artistic creation that has existed before. Through emotional approach as a method, along with the structured systematic approach of photo-ethnography and with the deep awareness of the environment and social life of the subject leads to the creation of the image that tends to be better and more meaningful, more productive in a social sense, and offers a credible empiric documentation. Keywords: photo-ethnography, photography art works  ABSTRAK Artikel ini dibuat dalam upaya melakukan pendalaman mengenai kemungkinan peman- faatan seni fotografi yang kaya makna representasi sosio-kultural. Bidang etnografi visual atau foto-etnografi yang relatif masih baru, dapat memberikan bantuan dan jawaban un- tuk hal ini. Oleh karena itu penulis mencoba suatu bentuk kolaborasi antara pendekatan foto-etnografi dengan pendekatan rasa ketika melakukan penelitian terhadap subjek agar diperoleh pemahaman mendalam serta makna kebenaran yang menyertainya. Metode penciptaan seni fotografi digital yang merupakan dasar dari penciptaan seni secara intu- itif dalam domain digital, kemudian dicoba dirumuskan, berdasarkan penelaahan heu- ristik dalam proses seni fotografi digital. Konsep ini dikembangkan dari pengalaman di bidang fotografi digital dan antropologi visual, dipandu oleh teori-teori dasar kreativitas, teori kuantum dalam seni, dan teori penciptaan seni yang telah ada sebelumnya. Melalui pendekatan emosional sebagai metode, disertai dengan pendekatan sistematis yang ter- struktur dari foto-etnografi dan dengan kesadaran yang mendalam mengenai lingkungan dan kehidupan sosial subjek mengarah pada penciptaan gambaran yang cenderung lebih baik dan lebih bermakna, lebih produktif dalam arti sosial, dan menawarkan dokumentasi empiris yang kredibel. Kata kunci: foto-etnografi, karya seni fotografi

PERAN BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK TERPADU MELALUI PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Yusnawarni Yusnawarni
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Thematic Learning ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

To commemorate the 21st century, a new learning model was designed in 2013 curriculum, in which there is a shift from teachers give knowledge to students become student must actively seek out knowledge from a variety of learning resources. In this case, the teacher acts as facilitators. Thus, language is a very central role, because the language should be in front of all other subjects. Curriculum 2013 imposed a thematic integrated learning which is no longer based subjects. Various subjects for primary schools (such as: Religion, Civics, Indonesian, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies, and so on) are integrated intoone book. The subject matter is not presented in textbook, but it presented in book thematics lesson, the themes are about nature, social life and culture. In this new curriculum, learning process is implemented by applying a scientific approach (observing, questioning, experimenting, associating, and networking) that includes three aspects such as attitudes, knowledge, and skills. So, how is the role of Indonesian in an integrated thematic learning by applying scientific approaches in primary schools in 2013 curriculum? By appying the method, the object of this paper is to gain preview about the role of Indonesian in 2013 curriculum that uses integrated thematic learning by scientific approach in primary schools.AbstrakUntuk menyongsong abad ke-21, model pembelajaran baru dirancang dalam Kurikulum 2013, yang di dalamnya terdapat pergeseran dari siswa diberi tahu menjadi siswa harus aktif mencari tahu ilmu pengetahuan dari berbagai sumber belajar. Dalam hal ini, guru berperan sebagai fasilitator. Dengan demikian, peran bahasa menjadi sangat sentral, karena bahasa harus berada di depan semua mata pelajaran lain. Kurikulum 2013 memberlakukan pembelajaran tematik terpadu yang tidak lagi berbasis mata pelajaran. Berbagai mata pelajaran untuk sekolah dasar (seperti: Agama, PPKN, Bahasa Indonesia, Matematika, IPA, IPS, dan sebagainya) diintegrasi menjadi satu buku. Materi pelajaran tidak disajikan dalam buku mata pelajaran, tetapi dalam buku tema pelajaran, baik tema alam, sosial, maupun budaya. Proses pembelajaran dalam kurikulum baru ini diimplementasikan melalui pendekatan saintifik (mengamati, menanya, menalar, mencoba, dan mengomunikasikan) yang mencakup tiga aspek, yaitu sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan. Lalu, bagaimana peran bahasa Indonesia dalam pembelajaran tematik terpadu melalui pendekatan saintifik di sekolah dasar pada Kurikulum 2013 ini? Melaluimetode deskriptif, yang menjadi tujuan penulisan ini adalah mendapatkan gambaran mengenai peran bahasa Indonesia dalam Kurikulum 2013 yang menggunakan pembelajaran tematik terpadu melalui pendekatan saintifik di sekolah dasar.

Geragogy - the Third Pillar of Education Science

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Ctibor Határ
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Methodical Basis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Education Science

The present scientific study, mostly of theoretical and methodological nature, is intended to penetrate into the near past (and present) of geragogy as a discipline and analyze briefly the process of creating the constitution and methodology in the area of Europe (with emphasis on the Czech and Slovak and German provenance). Emphasis is also placed on theoretical and methodological basis of the current geragogy, covering the subject of investigation, content, objectives and tasks, science-systemic geragogy anchor being a methodological and methodical basis of senior education in various spheres of their individual and social life.

Genealogy of Colonial Discourse: Hindu Traditions and the Limits of European Representation

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raf Gelders
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
The Core ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Eastern Cultures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Core Issues

In the aftermath of Edward Said's Orientalism (1978), European representations of Eastern cultures have returned to preoccupy the Western academy. Much of this work reiterates the point that nineteenth-century Orientalist scholarship was a corpus of knowledge that was implicated in and reinforced colonial state formation in India. The pivotal role of native informants in the production of colonial discourse and its subsequent use in servicing the material adjuncts of the colonial state notwithstanding, there has been some recognition in South Asian scholarship of the moot point that the colonial constructs themselves built upon an existing, precolonial European discourse on India and its indigenous culture. However, there is as yet little scholarly consensus or indeed literature on the core issues of how and when these edifices came to be formed, or the intellectual and cultural axes they drew from. This genealogy of colonial discourse is the subject of this essay. Its principal concerns are the formalization of a conceptual unit in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, called “Hinduism” today, and the larger reality of European culture and religion that shaped the contours of representation.

FEATURES OF OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES SUBDIVISIONS AND ORGANIZATION OF THEIR INTERACTION WITH OTHER DEPARTMENTS AND SERVICES FOR PREVENTION OF EXTREMISM SPREAD IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Евгеньевич Горюнов
Keyword(s):  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Penal Institutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Search Information

В данной статье рассматривается понятие экстремизма как социального явления, его основные детерминанты, оказывающие влияние на его распространение в условиях исправительного учреждения, роль оперативного отдела пенитенциарного учреждения в профилактике распространения данного явления. Описываются основные условия, способствующие совершению правонарушений и преступлений, раскрывается понятие оперативного поиска, под которым понимаются мероприятия, направленные на установление первичной информации о лицах либо фактах, представляющих существенную значимость (оперативный интерес), ее систематизацию, проверку и принятие необходимых решений в целях профилактики и раскрытия преступлений экстремистской направленности. Первичная оперативно-розыскная информация - это сведения о лицах и фактах, которые рассматриваются как данные, представляющие оперативный интерес, о которых ранее не было известно оперативному аппарату исправительного учреждения. Получение подобных сведений позволит оперативным подразделениям составить первоначальный психологический портрет изучаемого, а также прогнозировать его дальнейшее поведение. Рассматривается формирование криминологического портрета осужденного, являющегося носителем экстремистской идеологии, так как без данной информации невозможно ведение полноценной воспитательной работы по развенчанию экстремистской идеологии. Раскрываются формы и методы взаимодействия оперативных отделов исправительного учреждения с другими отделами ИУ по вопросам реализации мероприятий, направленных на противодействие распространению экстремистской идеологии в местах лишения свободы. This article considers the concept of extremism as a social phenomenon, the main determinants influencing its spread in the conditions of a correctional institution. The role of the operational department of the penitentiary institution in preventing the spread of this crime. The main conditions contributing to the commission of offenses and crimes are described. The concept of operational search is described, which should be understood as measures aimed at establishing primary information about persons or facts of significant importance (operational interest), its systematization, verification and making the necessary decisions in order to prevent and solve extremist crimes. Initial operational-search information, this is information about persons and facts that are considered as data of operational interest, which were previously not known to the operating apparatus of the correctional institution. Obtaining such information will allow operational units to draw up an initial psychological portrait of the subject, as well as predict his further behavior. It describes the formation of a criminological portrait of a convict who is the bearer of extremist ideology. Since without this information it is impossible to conduct full-fledged educational work to debunk extremist ideology. The forms and methods of interaction between the operational departments of the correctional institution and other departments of the IU on the implementation of measures aimed at countering the spread of extremist ideology in places of deprivation of liberty are disclosed.

Scientific and theoretical approaches to the problem of migration in modern science

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
T.M. Tagiyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Subject

Presented is the analysis of scientific and theoretical approaches to the problem of migration in modern science. Migration is a complex concept in modern science, and therefore attracts attention of many social and humanitarian sciences. It is determined that this direction of scientific research was originated already in ancient historical science then became the subject of study of economic science. Today, thanks to increased interest in this area of social life, theoretical and methodological foundations have emerged for an integrated approach to the analysis of any social phenomenon, associated with migration. This is evident from the number of scientific publications in the world, related to the analysis and forecasting of specific processes and situations of migration. In the future, methodology of research in this area will be enriched through the use of capabilities of mathematics and statistics methods, as well as achievements of psychological science.

PECULIARITIES OF LIGHT FUNCTIONING IN MODERN GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCHES OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Yatsiv M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sacred Space ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Catholic Churches ◽  
The Temple

In each historical period, light played an important mystical role in the creation of the sacred space of the temple, and was and is an integral part of religious ritual. Light is an architectural phenomenon, the formative and communicative element of the spatial structure of the temple, the most important factor in the perception of space and layout of the temple. The subject of the analysis contained in the article is the light environment in the space of modern churches of Ukraine. An analysis of the functions of light in churches is made on the example of recently built iconic Greek Catholic temples. The peculiarities of the distribution of natural and artificial light in the space of modern churches, the similarities and differences in the organization of the light environment, as compared to the historical temples, have been revealed. The influence of the light on the architectonics of temples and the visual perception of their object environment, on the formation of the corresponding mystical mood and sacred atmosphere is defined. The values and functions of electric lighting in the structure of the light environment of the temple, the directions of development of electric lighting systems due to the expansion of their utilitarian and decorative functions are determined.

Conflicting obituaries: the Abyssinian ‘outlaw’ Debeb as treacherous bandit and romantic hero in late nineteenth-century Italian imagination

Modern Italy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-419
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Bruner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Character ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Romantic Hero ◽  
Public Persona ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Folk Hero ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In 1886 the Abyssinian chief Debeb became a public figure in Italy as a rapacious colonial bandit. However, over the next five years he acquired additional public personas, even contradictory ones: as a condottiero ally, a ladies’ man, a traitor, a young Abyssinian aristocrat and pretender to an ancient throne, a chivalrous warrior, and a figure representing the frontier and an Africa mysterious and hidden to Europeans. Upon his 1891 death in combat, he was the subject of conflicting Italian press obituaries. For some commentators, Debeb exemplified treacherous and deceitful African character, an explanation for Italy's colonial disappointments and defeats. However, other commentators clothed him in a romanticised mystique and found in him martial and even chivalrous traits to admire and emulate. To this extent his persona blurred the line demarcating the African ‘other’. Although he first appeared to Italians as a bandit, the notion of the bandit as a folk hero (the ‘noble robber’ or ‘social bandit’, Hobsbawm) does not fit his case. A more fruitful approach is to consider his multi-faceted public persona as reflecting the ongoing Italian debate over ‘national character’ (Patriarca). In the figure of Debeb, public debates over colonialism and ‘national character’ merged, with each contributing to the other.

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