scholarly journals Effects of transverse relationships between maxillary arch, mouth, and face on smile esthetics

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Lan Huang ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Chaoran Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Smile Esthetics ◽  
Maxillary Arch ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRACTObjective: To identify the ideal ratios between the widths of the maxillary arch, mouth, and face, respectively, and to determine the range of acceptable esthetic variations based on these ideal ratios.Materials and Methods: A photograph of a young female with a harmonious smile was selected and digitally altered to produce two sets of images. The first image showed an altered intercanine width, while the second one showed an altered oral fissure breadth. These alterations were independently rated by judges, including 23 orthodontists and 30 undergraduates. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the scores given by male and female judges and those given by professional and nonprofessional judges.Results: The following ideal transverse ratios were determined: intercanine width/oral fissure breadth, 0.638; oral fissure breadth/interparopia width: the distance between left and right paropia, 0.617; and intercanine width/face width at the level of the labial commissures, 0.300. A range of −10% to +10% was proposed as the thresholds of esthetic smile evaluations. It was shown that gender of the raters had no effect on the rating of photographs, nor were there any statistically significant differences between the professional and nonprofessional judges’ ratings.Conclusions: Balanced transverse relationships in the facial region are important for smile esthetics, and there is a wide range of esthetically acceptable variations in the transverse relationships between the maxillary arch, mouth, and face.

scholarly journals Behavior of male and female eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) in an artificial environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e46431
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cesario Araújo Martínez ◽  
Vanair Carlos Paz ◽  
Rodrigo Diana Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Artificial Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Ideal

The eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) is a species of parrot native to the Solomon Islands, Sumba, New Guinea and nearby islands, northeastern Australia, and the Moluccan Islands. The wide range of behaviors emphasizes the existence of knowledge of only a mere fraction of the significant behavioral parameters of these birds. The objective of this study is to identify the behavior of the eclectus parrot kept in captivity and to check the frequency of these birds in certain places of the nursery, comparing the results to other studies about parrots and the behavior in nature. This is a study about the behavior of a bird with a very pronounced sexual dimorphism, where the males have a predominantly green color, and the females are mainly red-colored. In the wild, while the male perches on the outer branches of the trees, the female usually perches close to tree trunks. This location, together with her red and blue plumage, provides the ideal camouflage in the dark interior of the trees.

Comparative assessment of average clinical smile parameters in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
V. G. Galonsky ◽  
N. V. Tarasova ◽  
V. V. Aliamovskii ◽  
I. S. Leonovich
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Evaluation Of Parameters ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Vertical Size ◽  
Relative Concept ◽  
The Ideal

Relevance. Separate issues in anthropomorphic sizes of relative norm of the ideal smile, its qualitative and qualitative parameters have not been addressed to sufficiently and are not properly reflected in scientific literature.Purpose. To determine distinguishing features in average smile parameters of the smile in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion.Materials and methods. A clinical and anthropometric evaluation of parameters in main smile types was carried out for 150 young males and 150 young females aged 19-24 who had identical physiological development parameters.Results. It has been revealed that occurrence frequency of main smile types in patients with orthognathic occlusion has pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism which in over one half of the cases lies in predominance of the incisal smile type in males (52.7%) and the fascial type in females (55.3%). Occurence frequency of the cervical smile type totaled 25% among the studied patients of both genders. Average vertical size parameters in the incisal smile lies within the diapason of 3.91-4.91mm with surpassing by 1mm in males. Analogical data for the fascial smile type form the diapason of 6.21-6.73mm with surpassing by 0.52mm in females. The cervical smile type is characterised by larger vertical size forming the diapason of 7.94-8.91mm with surpassing by 0.97mm in males.Conclusion. The results of the study have shown that the “beautiful and ideal smile” is a relative concept having varied anthropometric characteristics and pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism lying in a broad spectrum of the dentofacial system norm notion with specific vectors for individual morphological deviations.

Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Robinson ◽  
Keith Hunter ◽  
Michael Pemberton ◽  
Philip Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Oral Pathology ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Key Aspects

A sound understanding of clinical oral pathology is essential if a dental clinician is to navigate successfully through clinical guidelines, make timely referrals to specialists, and provide good care for patients. This new edition of Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology provides a clear and friendly guide for students, practitioners, and the whole dental team. Thoroughly updated for today's clinical practice, this textbook covers 'must-know' oral pathology and integrates key aspects of oral medicine. It begins by explaining the principles of clinical assessment, the synthesis of a differential diagnosis, and the selection of further investigations including laboratory tests. Ten chapters bring this theory to life by looking at the clinical and pathological features of a wide range of common oral diseases including oral cancer, salivary gland disorders, and diseases of the jaws. Two new chapters address skin diseases affecting the oro-facial region and neck lumps. A final chapter highlights the importance of clinical oral pathology in the context of systemic human disease. New radiology content includes examples of cross-sectional imaging. Photomicrographs have been replaced with carefully selected images to illustrate key pathological features. Each chapter includes key points boxes and tables to aid learning. Written by experts in both oral pathology and oral medicine, this new edition is a must-have for dentistry students, and those working in the field, providing current and trustworthy information.

scholarly journals Developing Equations for Converting Digestible Energy to Metabolizable Energy for Korean Hanwoo Beef Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1696
Author(s):  
Ridha Ibidhi ◽  
Rajaraman Bharanidharan ◽  
Jong-Geun Kim ◽  
Woo-Hyeong Hong ◽  
In-Sik Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Wide Range

This study was performed to update and generate prediction equations for converting digestible energy (DE) to metabolizable energy (ME) for Korean Hanwoo beef cattle, taking into consideration the gender (male and female) and body weights (BW above and below 350 kg) of the animals. The data consisted of 141 measurements from respiratory chambers with a wide range of diets and energy intake levels. A simple linear regression of the overall unadjusted data suggested a strong relationship between the DE and ME (Mcal/kg DM): ME = 0.8722 × DE + 0.0016 (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.946, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.107, p < 0.001 for intercept and slope). Mixed-model regression analyses to adjust for the effects of the experiment from which the data were obtained similarly showed a strong linear relationship between the DE and ME (Mcal/kg of DM): ME = 0.9215 × DE − 0.1434 (R2 = 0.999, RMSE = 0.004, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope). The DE was strongly related to the ME for both genders: ME = 0.8621 × DE + 0.0808 (R2 = 0.9600, RMSE = 0.083, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope) and ME = 0.7785 × DE + 0.1546 (R2 = 0.971, RMSE = 0.070, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope) for male and female Hanwoo cattle, respectively. By BW, the simple linear regression similarly showed a strong relationship between the DE and ME for Hanwoo above and below 350 kg BW: ME = 0.9833 × DE − 0.2760 (R2 = 0.991, RMSE = 0.055, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope) and ME = 0.72975 × DE + 0.38744 (R2 = 0.913, RMSE = 0.100, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope), respectively. A multiple regression using the DE and dietary factors as independent variables did not improve the accuracy of the ME prediction (ME = 1.149 × DE − 0.045 × crude protein + 0.011 × neutral detergent fibre − 0.027 × acid detergent fibre + 0.683).

scholarly journals The IDEAL household energy dataset, electricity, gas, contextual sensor data and survey data for 255 UK homes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pullinger ◽  
Jonathan Kilgour ◽  
Nigel Goddard ◽  
Niklas Berliner ◽  
Lynda Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Power Measurement ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Energy Awareness ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThe IDEAL household energy dataset described here comprises electricity, gas and contextual data from 255 UK homes over a 23-month period ending in June 2018, with a mean participation duration of 286 days. Sensors gathered 1-second electricity data, pulse-level gas data, 12-second temperature, humidity and light data for each room, and 12-second temperature data from boiler pipes for central heating and hot water. 39 homes also included plug-level monitoring of selected electrical appliances, real-power measurement of mains electricity and key sub-circuits, and more detailed temperature monitoring of gas- and heat-using equipment, including radiators and taps. Survey data included occupant demographics, values, attitudes and self-reported energy awareness, household income, energy tariffs, and building, room and appliance characteristics. Linked secondary data comprises weather and level of urbanisation. The data is provided in comma-separated format with a custom-built API to facilitate usage, and has been cleaned and documented. The data has a wide range of applications, including investigating energy demand patterns and drivers, modelling building performance, and undertaking Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring research.

scholarly journals Syllabification of the Divine Comedy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Andrea Asperti ◽  
Stefano Dal Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Text Processing ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Divine Comedy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Divine Comedy ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Assisted Analysis

We provide a syllabification algorithm for the Divine Comedy using techniques from probabilistic and constraint programming. We particularly focus on the synalephe , addressed in terms of the "propensity" of a word to take part in a synalephe with adjacent words. We jointly provide an online vocabulary containing, for each word, information about its syllabification, the location of the tonic accent, and the aforementioned synalephe propensity, on the left and right sides. The algorithm is intrinsically nondeterministic, producing different possible syllabifications for each verse, with different likelihoods; metric constraints relative to accents on the 10th, 4th, and 6th syllables are used to further reduce the solution space. The most likely syllabification is hence returned as output. We believe that this work could be a major milestone for a lot of different investigations. From the point of view of digital humanities it opens new perspectives on computer-assisted analysis of digital sources, comprising automated detection of anomalous and problematic cases, metric clustering of verses and their categorization, or more foundational investigations addressing, e.g., the phonetic roles of consonants and vowels. From the point of view of text processing and deep learning, information about syllabification and the location of accents opens a wide range of exciting perspectives, from the possibility of automatic learning syllabification of words and verses to the improvement of generative models, aware of metric issues, and more respectful of the expected musicality.

scholarly journals Searching for Z′ bosons at the P2 experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Bhupal Dev ◽  
Werner Rodejohann ◽  
Xun-Jie Xu ◽  
Yongchao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Parity Violation ◽  
Z Bosons ◽  
Gauge Coupling ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Polarized Electrons ◽  
Mixing Angles ◽  
Charge Assignment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Discovery Potential ◽  
Left And Right

Abstract The P2 experiment aims at high-precision measurements of the parity-violating asymmetry in elastic electron-proton and electron-12C scatterings with longitudinally polarized electrons. We discuss here the sensitivity of P2 to new physics mediated by an additional neutral gauge boson Z′ of a new U(1)′ gauge symmetry. If the charge assignment of the U(1)′ is chiral, i.e., left- and right-handed fermions have different charges under U(1)′, additional parity-violation is induced directly. On the other hand, if the U(1)′ has a non-chiral charge assignment, additional parity-violation can be induced via mass or kinetic Z-Z′ mixing. By comparing the P2 sensitivity to existing constraints, we show that in both cases P2 has discovery potential over a wide range of Z′ mass. In particular, for chiral models, the P2 experiment can probe gauge couplings at the order of 10−5 when the Z′ boson is light, and heavy Z′ bosons up to 79 (90) TeV in the proton (12C) mode. For non-chiral models with mass mixing, the P2 experiment is sensitive to mass mixing angles smaller than roughly 10−4, depending on model details and gauge coupling magnitude.

scholarly journals Developmental exposure to silver nanoparticles leads to long term gut dysbiosis and neurobehavioral alterations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Lyu ◽  
Shreya Ghoshdastidar ◽  
Karamkolly R. Rekha ◽  
Dhananjay Suresh ◽  
Jiude Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Developmental Exposure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractDue to their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in a wide range of consumer products that includes topical wound dressings, coatings for biomedical devices, and food-packaging to extend the shelf-life. Despite their beneficial antimicrobial effects, developmental exposure to such AgNPs may lead to gut dysbiosis and long-term health consequences in exposed offspring. AgNPs can cross the placenta and blood–brain-barrier to translocate in the brain of offspring. The underlying hypothesis tested in the current study was that developmental exposure of male and female mice to AgNPs disrupts the microbiome–gut–brain axis. To examine for such effects, C57BL6 female mice were exposed orally to AgNPs at a dose of 3 mg/kg BW or vehicle control 2 weeks prior to breeding and throughout gestation. Male and female offspring were tested in various mazes that measure different behavioral domains, and the gut microbial profiles were surveyed from 30 through 120 days of age. Our study results suggest that developmental exposure results in increased likelihood of engaging in repetitive behaviors and reductions in resident microglial cells. Echo-MRI results indicate increased body fat in offspring exposed to AgNPs exhibit. Coprobacillus spp., Mucispirillum spp., and Bifidobacterium spp. were reduced, while Prevotella spp., Bacillus spp., Planococcaceae, Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Ruminococcus spp. were increased in those developmentally exposed to NPs. These bacterial changes were linked to behavioral and metabolic alterations. In conclusion, developmental exposure of AgNPs results in long term gut dysbiosis, body fat increase and neurobehavioral alterations in offspring.

scholarly journals Adrenal glands of Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii, Wagler, 1831): morphological and morphometric aspects

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Santos ◽  
D. C. Viana ◽  
B. M. Bertassoli ◽  
B. G. Vasconcelos ◽  
D. M. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Hydroxy Progesterone ◽  
Reticular Zone ◽  
Cytochrome P450c17

Abstract Considering the physiological importance and need of greater morphophysiological knowledge of adrenal glands, the aims of present study were compare the morphometric data between left and right adrenal of male and female; perform a histological, scanning and transmission electron microscopy study showing tissue constitution of glands; finally, in order to define the presence and correct site of the cytochrome P450c17 expression in adrenal glands, immunohistochemical study of this enzyme was performed in 18 adrenal glands (right n=9 and left n=9) of nine adult Galea spixii (four males and five females). Right adrenal was more cranially positioned than left adrenal; dimensions (weight, length and width) of right adrenal was larger than left adrenal; no differences between male and female body and adrenal measurements were found; the morphology of cells and different amounts of lipid droplets may be related to the different demands of steroid hormones production, related to each zone of the adrenal cortex; and, the cytochrome P450c17 immunolocalization in fasciculate and reticular zone may be related with synthesis of 17-hydroxy-pregnenolone, 17-hydroxy-progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone or androstenedione.

The crystal structure of kalsilite, KAlSiO4

1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (272) ◽  
pp. 588-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Perrotta ◽  
J. V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Oxygen Atom ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Bond Angle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Full Matrix ◽  
Ideal Position ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Ideal

SummaryA full-matrix, three-dimensional refinement of kalsilite, KAlSi04 (hexagonal, a 5·16, c 8.69 Å, P6a), shows that the silicon and aluminium atoms are ordered. The respective tetrahedral distances of 1·61 and 1·74 Å agree with values of 1·61 and 1·75 Å taken to be typical of framework structures. As in nepheline, an oxygen atom is statistically distributed over three sites displaced 0·25 Å from the ideal position on a triad axis. This decreases the bond angle from 180° to 163° in conformity with observations on some other crystal structures. The potassiumoxygen distances of 2·77, 2·93, and 2·99 Å are consistent with the wide range normally found for this weakly bonded atom.

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