scholarly journals Virulence modulation of Streptococcus mutans biofilms by metal ions released from orthodontic appliances

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinne Ulbrich Mores Rymovicz ◽  
Maiara Medeiros Ronsani ◽  
Ana Maria Trindade Grégio ◽  
Odilon Guariza Guariza-Filho ◽  
Orlando Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the impact of metal ions commonly shed from orthodontic appliances on the virulence of Streptococcus mutans ATCC®25175™ biofilms. Materials and Methods: Biofilms were grown in the presence of Ni2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Co2+, and a metal ion pool at concentrations similar to those released in saliva of orthodontic patients for 72 hours. Once mature, biofilms were treated for up to 12 hours with 5% glucose. Results: Ions interfered with the growth of S mutans by reducing its biomass (Ni2+, Fe3+, Cr3+), raising its rates of sugar metabolism (Ni2+, Fe3+, Cr3+), and raising its secretion of lactate (Ni2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, pool). Conclusion: The laboratory data presented here point to the possibility of virulence increase of S mutans by metal ions commonly released during orthodontic therapy.

scholarly journals Release of metal ions from fixed orthodontic appliance: An in vitro study in continuous flow system

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Mikulewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Chojnacka ◽  
Paulina Wołowiec
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the release of metal ions from fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: A new system for in vitro testing of dental materials was constructed and consisted of a thermostatic glass reactor that enabled immersion of the studied material. Experimental conditions reflected the human oral cavity, with a temperature of 37°C and a saliva flow rate of 0.5mL/min. The simulated fixed orthodontic appliance made of stainless steel was evaluated. Sampling was performed at several time points during the 28-day study, and the metal ion concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Results: The total mass of released metal ions from the appliance during 4 weeks of the experiment was as follows nickel 18.7 μg, chromium 5.47 μg, copper 31.3 μg. Conclusions: The estimated doses of nickel, chromium, and copper determined by extrapolation of experimental data released during the treatment period were far below the toxic dose to humans. This shows that orthodontic treatment might not be a significant source of exposure to these metal ions.

scholarly journals Microbiological Evaluation of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouth Rinse in Orthodontic Patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emel Sari ◽  
Ilhan Birinci
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Fixed Appliances

Abstract Objective: To assess the effectiveness of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse on Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients, aged 13–18, with fixed orthodontic appliances participated in the study. The levels of S mutans and lactobacilli in saliva samples were evaluated at four stages: at the beginning of the orthodontic treatment, at least 2 weeks after the bonding of brackets, 1 week after the introduction of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse, and at the fourth week. The changes in S mutans and lactobacilli levels were analyzed via Wilcoxon test. Results: Increases in bacterial levels of S mutans and lactobacilli were detected after the orthodontic appliances were bonded. A significant decrease in S mutans levels was observed 1 week after the introduction of chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Conclusions: An 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse decreased S mutans levels, but had no effect on lactobacilli levels.

scholarly journals Early impact of fixed orthodontic therapy on gingival health status in relation to weight status

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zaid A Alasadi ◽  
Alhan A Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: fixed orthodontic appliances deleterious influence on gingival health is well documented. Association between weight status and gingival health is presented in many studies. This study aimed to evaluate how early the impact of fixed orthodontic therapy on patients` gingival health, and if there are differences of that impact among different weight status groups. Materials and Methods: Sample consisted of 54 patients (25 males, 29 females; age limits are 16 -18 years) going under the course of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance. Patients were categorized according to their Body Mass Index (BMI) into 3 weight status groups considering WHO charts in 2007 (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese), then determination of each patient`s gingival health status was through the criteria of the gingival index (GI) by Loe and Silness in 1963 which modified by Loe in 1967. Records of gingival index for all patients who met specific criteria were taken in three time points [before bonding (1st visit), 2 weeks after bonding (2nd visit), and 4 weeks after bonding (3rd visit)]. Also BMI of the patients were checked at each of the three visits. Results: There was a significant increase in gingival index for all BMI weight status groups after just two weeks of treatment, and the increase continues during the 3rd visit, with no significant difference in impact among weight status groups. Conclusions: oral health preventive measures should be applied rapidly and equally to all patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, without taking their BMI weight status in consideration.

scholarly journals Causation of Oxidative Stress and Defense Response of a Yeast Cell Model after Treatment with Orthodontic Alloys Consisting of Metal Ions

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Vito Kovač ◽  
Matic Bergant ◽  
Janez Ščančar ◽  
Jasmina Primožič ◽  
Polona Jamnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Protein Damage ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Chromium Alloy

Misaligned teeth have a tremendous impact on oral and dental health, and the most efficient method of correcting the problem is orthodontic treatment with orthodontic appliances. The study was conducted to investigate the metal composition of selected orthodontic alloys, the release of metal ions, and the oxidative consequences that the metal ions may cause in the cell. Different sets of archwires, stainless steel brackets, and molar bands were incubated in artificial saliva for 90 days. The composition of each orthodontic material and quantification of the concentration of metal ions released were evaluated. Metal ion mixtures were prepared to determine the occurrence of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme defense system, and oxidative damage to proteins. The beta titanium alloy released the fewest metal ions and did not cause oxidative stress or protein damage. The metal ions from stainless steel and the cobalt-chromium alloy can cause oxidative stress and protein damage only at high concentrations. All metal ions from orthodontic alloys alter the activity of antioxidant enzymes in some way. The determined amounts of metal ions released from orthodontic appliances in a simulated oral environment are still below the maximum tolerated dose, and the concentrations of released metal ions are not capable of inducing oxidative stress, although some changes in antioxidant enzyme activity were observed at these concentrations.

scholarly journals Effects of the fixed orthodontic therapy on biochemical and microbiological parameters of saliva

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 270-274
Author(s):  
Tanja Ivanovic ◽  
Ljiljana Stojanovic ◽  
Dragan Ivanovic ◽  
Predrag Nikolic ◽  
Zeljko Milosavljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Introduction/Objective. Malocclusions are one of the most frequent disorders in dentistry, and pose a risk for the onset of caries and periodontal diseases. Fixed orthodontic treatment solves the problem of malocclusions; however, it requires simultaneous cooperation of the patients, parents, and dentists involved. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of fixed orthodontic therapy on the Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. bacteria in saliva, the pH value, and buffering capacity of saliva. Methods. The research was carried out at the Faculty of Medicine in Foca, Department of Dentistry. The study included 100 respondents, aged 13 to 17 years. The respondents were divided into two groups: the study group (respondents wearing fixed braces) and the control group (respondents not subjected to fixed braces therapy). Saliva samples were taken from the respondents four, 12, and 18 weeks after the start of the orthodontic therapy. The study used the bacteria caries risk test (CRT) and CRT buffer (Ivoclar Vivadent). Results. The study showed an increased number of bacteria in saliva of the respondents during all three follow-up periods (?2 test, p = 0.001). The largest numbers of the Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. bacteria were found in week 12 of the therapy. Saliva pH value and buffering capacity of saliva increased statistically significantly in week 12 of the therapy (?2 test, p = 0.001). Conclusion. Oral conditions in patients changed during the fixed orthodontic therapy: the number of bacteria increased, the pH value and buffering capacity of saliva changed. It was necessary to use preventive measures in order to avoid complications during the fixed orthodontic appliances therapy.

scholarly journals Disruption of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans synergy by a commensal streptococcus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Huffines ◽  
Jessica A. Scoffield
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPolymicrobial interactions in dental plaque play a significant role in dysbiosis and homeostasis in the oral cavity. In early childhood caries, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are often co-isolated from carious lesions and associated with increased disease severity. Studies have demonstrated that metabolic and glucan-dependent synergism between C. albicans and S. mutans contribute to enhanced pathogenesis. However, it is unclear how oral commensals influence pathogen synergy. Streptococcus parasanguinis, a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) producing oral commensal, has antimicrobial activity against S. mutans. In this study, we utilized a three species biofilm model to understand the impact of S. parasanguinis on S. mutans and C. albicans synergy. We report that S. parasanguinis disrupts S. mutans and C. albicans biofilm synergy in a contact and H2O2-independent manner. Further, metabolomics analysis revealed a S. parasanguinis-driven alteration in sugar metabolism that restricts biofilm development by S. mutans. Moreover, S. parasanguinis inhibits S. mutans glucosyltransferase (GtfB) activity, which is important for glucan matrix development and GtfB-mediated binding to C. albicans mannan. Taken together, our study describes a new antimicrobial role for S. parasanguinis and highlights how this abundant oral commensal may be utilized to attenuate pathogen synergism.

scholarly journals Effect of different bracket types on streptococcus mutans count in orthodontic patients using fluoridated toothpaste

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hala Jasim ◽  
Dhiaa Al-Dabagh ◽  
Maha Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Plaque Sample ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Colony Counter

Background: Plaque retention during fixed orthodontic therapy is an important cause of developing enamel demineralization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different brackets types on the count of Streptococcus Mutans in orthodontic patients using conventional fluoridated toothpaste. Materials and Methods: Plaque samples were collected from maxillary 1st premolar teeth of twenty right handed patients (using split mouth technique) before bonding, after 48 hrs of bonding using tooth brush only, and after 2 weeks of using fluoridated toothpaste. Stainless steel bracket was bonded on right first premolar while the left one was bonded with sapphire bracket. The calculation of the Streptococcus Mutans count was done using the plate counting method utilizing colony counter. The differences between the two types of brackets were determined using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Results: The median bacterial count on the right side was insignificantly higher than the left side; streptococcus mutans in the plaque sample around the sapphire brackets showed insignificantly less counts than around the stainless steel one, when the patients used tooth brush only or fluoridated toothpastes. Fluoridated toothpastes reduced streptococcus mutans insignificantly around both types of brackets. Conclusion: Fluoridated toothpaste acts effectively in reducing streptococcus mutans colony counts around sapphire and stainless steel brackets. Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, Stainless steel brackets, Sapphire brackets.

scholarly journals The impact of nanosilver addition on element ions release form light-cured dental composite and compomer into 0.9% NaCl.

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Sokołowski ◽  
Małgorzata I Szynkowska ◽  
Aleksandra Pawlaczyk ◽  
Monika Łukomska-Szymańska ◽  
Jerzy Sokołowski
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Dental Fillings ◽  
Metal Ion Release ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper was to identify and to assess in semi-quantified way the release of different ions from composite and compomer restorative materials subjected to 0.9% NaCl solution, which simulates the environment of the human body. In the present study, the number of ions (Al, Ag, Ba, Sr, Ti) released from dental fillings over time (one week, one month and 3 months), in different temperatures (23°C, 37°C) and depending on the materials applied (unmodified/modified with nanosilver) was investigated. The results suggest that nanosilver addition influences directly on the process of metal ion releasing into 0.9% NaCl solution. The increase in the number of counts of metal ions was observed in the solutions in which samples modified with nanosilver were kept. Higher amount of metal ion release was observed for composite samples rather than for compomer materials. The study revealed that in general the number of released metal ions increases with the time of storage (for metal ions: Ti, Ba, Sr) and at higher temperature (Ag, Ti, Ba). Reverse tendency observed for silver ion release versus incubation time may be caused by the process of silver adsorption, which takes place on the surface of analyzed material and test-tube walls, where samples were incubated.

Colony Forming Unit Levels of Salivary Lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans In Orthodontic Patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Kupietzky ◽  
Amith Majumdar ◽  
Zia Shey ◽  
Robert Binder ◽  
Pamela Matheson
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of Lactobacilli (LB) and Streptococcus mutans (SM) colony forming units (CFU) in the saliva of subjects before and after orthodontic appliance placement.This was a controlled, prospective two-group, two-measurement, clinical trial performed on 64 study patients, 12-15 years old. Subjects in the experimental group were sampled for LB and SM in stimulated saliva collected on the same day but prior to band and bracket placement. The subjects in the control group were sampled on their first screening appointment two months prior to band and bracket placement. The second samples of LB and SM were taken from the experimental and control groups after two months. Saliva was transferred to a selective agar carrier and incubated for 48 hours at 37°C / 99 °F. LB and SM colonies forming units were compared with standard densities.The experimental group wearing orthodontic appliances had significantly higher mean LB CFU counts than the control group at the 2 month follow- up (3.25 vs. 2.57, p =0.0036). The two groups, however, did not show any difference in mean SM CFU counts at the 2 month follow-up (3.0 vs. 3.1, p = 0.66). The results of this study showed that a higher number of CFUs of LB were associated with the group wearing orthodontic appliances after two months and may play a role in the increased levels of plaque seen in many orthodontic patients.

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