scholarly journals Associations between the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion and the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and enterococci in the feces of livestock and livestock farmers in Japan

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Katsunuma ◽  
Michito Hanazumi ◽  
Hirokazu Fujisaki ◽  
Hajime Minato ◽  
Yasushi Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Livestock Farmers

Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Commensal Escherichia coli and Salmonella Isolates from Commercial Broiler Chicken Farms†

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1316-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
FATOUMATA DIARRASSOUBA ◽  
MOUSSA SORY DIARRA ◽  
SUSAN BACH ◽  
PASCAL DELAQUIS ◽  
JANE PRITCHARD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Commercial Broiler

Antibiotic resistance patterns and the presence of antibiotic and virulence determinants in 74 sorbitol-negative Escherichia coli and 62 Salmonella isolates from nine different broiler chicken farms were investigated. Each farm was supplied by one of three companies that used different antimicrobial agents in feed for growth promotion. The isolates were identified by API 20E for E. coli and by serological tests for Salmonella. The susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics was determined by Sensititre using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute's breakpoints. Fifty-two E. coli isolates (70.3%) and nine Salmonella isolates (14.52%) were multiresistant to at least nine antibiotics. The multiresistant isolates were evaluated for the presence of tetracycline resistance, integron class 1, and blaCMY-2 genes by PCR. Of the 74 E. coli isolates, 55 were resistant to amoxicillin and ceftiofur. Among these 55 resistant E. coli isolates, 45 (81.8%) and 22 (40.0%) were positive for blaCMY-2 and qacEΔ1-SulI genes, respectively. Tetracycline resistance was found in 56 isolates (75.8%) among which 12 (21.4%) and 24 (42.9%) gave positive results for tetA and tetB, respectively. Virulence genes (iss, tsh, and traT ), aerobactin operon (iucC), and the eaeA gene were detected in some E. coli strains. Among the 27 amoxicillin- and ceftiofur-resistant Salmonella isolates, the blaCMY-2 gene was detected in 22 isolates. The class 1 integron gene (qacEΔ1-SulI) was not detected in any Salmonella isolates, whereas the invasin (inv) and virulence (spv) genes were found in 61 (98.4%) and 26 (42%) of the Salmonella isolates, respectively. This study indicated that multiple antibiotic-resistant commensal E. coli and Salmonella strains carrying virulence genes can be found on commercial broiler chicken farms and may provide a reservoir for these genes in chicken production facilities. Except for the presence of tetB, there was no significant effect of feed formulations on the phenotypic or genotypic characteristics of the isolates.

Antimicrobial Effects of Zataria multiflora and Ocimum basilicum on Escherichia coli O157:H7 During Ripening of Traditional Lighvan Cheese

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
Mohammad B. Zendeh ◽  
Vadood Razavilar ◽  
Hamid Mirzaei ◽  
Khosrow Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Zataria Multiflora ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Lighvan Cheese

Background: Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most common causes of contamination in Lighvan cheese processing. Using from natural antimicrobial essential oils is applied method to decrease the rate of microbial contamination of dairy products. The present investigation was done to study the antimicrobial effects of Z. multiflora and O. basilicum essential oils on survival of E. coli O157:H7 during ripening of traditional Lighvan cheese. Methods: Leaves of the Z. multiflora and O. basilicum plants were subjected to the Clevenger apparatus. Concentrations of 0, 100 and 200 ppm of the Z. multiflora and 0, 50 and 100 ppm of O. basilicum essential oils and also 103 and 105 cfu/ml numbers of E. coli O157:H7 were used. The numbers of the E. coli O157:H7 bacteria were analyzed during the days 0, 30, 60 and 90 of the ripening period. Results: Z. multiflora and O. basilicum essential oils had considerable antimicrobial effects against E. coli O157:H7. Using the essential oils caused decrease in the numbers of E. coli O157:H7 bacteria in 90th days of ripening (P <0.05). Using from Z. multiflora at concentration of 200 ppm can reduce the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in Lighvan cheese. Conclusion: Using Z. multiflora and O. basilicum essential oils as good antimicrobial agents can reduce the risk of foodborne bacteria and especially E. coli O157:H7 in food products.

scholarly journals Commensal Escherichia coli Antimicrobial Resistance and Multidrug-Resistance Dynamics during Broiler Growing Period: Commercial vs. Improved Farm Conditions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005
Author(s):  
Laura Montoro-Dasi ◽  
Arantxa Villagra ◽  
Sandra Sevilla-Navarro ◽  
Maria Teresa Pérez-Gracia ◽  
Santiago Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Horizontal Resistance ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
Growing Conditions

New measures applied to reduce antimicrobial resistances (AMR) at field level in broiler production are focused on improving animals’ welfare and resilience. However, it is necessary to have better knowledge of AMR epidemiology. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate AMR and multidrug resistance (MDR) dynamics during the rearing of broilers under commercial (33 kg/m2 density and max. 20 ppm ammonia) and improved (17 kg/m2 density and max. 10 ppm ammonia) farm conditions. Day-old chicks were housed in two poultry houses (commercial vs. improved), and no antimicrobial agents were administered at any point. Animals were sampled at arrival day, mid-period and at slaughter day. High AMR rates were observed throughout rearing. No statistical differences were observed between groups. Moreover, both groups presented high MDR at slaughter day. These results could be explained by vertical or horizontal resistance acquisition. In conclusion, AMR and MDR are present throughout rearing. Moreover, although a lower level of MDR was observed at mid-period in animals reared under less intensive conditions, no differences were found at the end. In order to reduce the presence of AMR bacteria in poultry, further studies are needed to better understand AMR acquisition and prevalence in differing broiler growing conditions.

Stress-activated bioluminescent Escherichia coli sensors for antimicrobial agents detection

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyse Shapiro ◽  
François Baneyx
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents

scholarly journals Ecological Effects of Perorally Administered Pivmecillinam on the Normal Vaginal Microflora

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Sullivan ◽  
Aino Fianu-Jonasson ◽  
Britt-Marie Landgren ◽  
Carl Erik Nord
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Normal Microflora ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT The knowledge of the effects of antimicrobial agents on the normal vaginal microflora is limited. The objective of the present study was to study the ecological impact of pivmecillinam on the normal vaginal microflora. In 20 healthy women, the estimated day of ovulation was determined during three subsequent menstrual cycles. Microbiological and clinical examinations were performed on the estimated day of ovulation and on day 3 in all cycles and also on day 7 after ovulation in cycles 1 and 2. Anaerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-positive rods, mainly species of lactobacilli and actinomycetes, dominated the microflora. One woman was colonized on the third day of administration with a resistant Escherichia coli strain, and Candida albicans was detected in one woman on days 3 and 7 in cycle 2. No other major changes in the normal microflora occurred during the study. Administration of pivmecillinam had a minor ecological impact on the normal vaginal microflora.

scholarly journals Impact of Feed Supplementation with Antimicrobial Agents on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens, Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus Counts, and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes and Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli Isolates

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (20) ◽  
pp. 6566-6576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa S. Diarra ◽  
Fred G. Silversides ◽  
Fatoumata Diarrassouba ◽  
Jane Pritchard ◽  
Luke Masson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT The effects of feed supplementation with the approved antimicrobial agents bambermycin, penicillin, salinomycin, and bacitracin or a combination of salinomycin plus bacitracin were evaluated for the incidence and distribution of antibiotic resistance in 197 commensal Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens over 35 days. All isolates showed some degree of multiple antibiotic resistance. Resistance to tetracycline (68.5%), amoxicillin (61.4%), ceftiofur (51.3%), spectinomycin (47.2%), and sulfonamides (42%) was most frequent. The levels of resistance to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin were 33.5, 35.5, and 25.3%, respectively. The overall resistance levels decreased from day 7 to day 35 (P < 0.001). Comparing treatments, the levels of resistance to ceftiofur, spectinomycin, and gentamicin (except for resistance to bacitracin treatment) were significantly higher in isolates from chickens receiving feed supplemented with salinomycin than from the other feeds (P < 0.001). Using a DNA microarray analysis capable of detecting commonly found antimicrobial resistance genes, we characterized 104 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates from 7- to 28-day-old chickens fed different growth promoters. Results showed a decrease in the incidence of isolates harboring tet(B), bla TEM, sulI, and aadA and class 1 integron from days 7 to 35 (P < 0.01). Of the 84 tetracycline-ceftiofur-resistant E. coli isolates, 76 (90.5%) were positive for bla CMY-2. The proportions of isolates positive for sulI, aadA, and integron class 1 were significantly higher in salinomycin-treated chickens than in the control or other treatment groups (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that multiantibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates can be found in broiler chickens regardless of the antimicrobial growth promoters used. However, the phenotype and the distribution of resistance determinants in E. coli can be modulated by feed supplementation with some of the antimicrobial agents used in broiler chicken production.

Epidemiology, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli bacteremia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Mahjuba Umme Salam ◽  
Selina Yasmin ◽  
Md. Rashedul Haque ◽  
Sharmin Ahmed ◽  
Shahidul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Background: Escherichia coli is a common causative of blood stream infection having potentials to produce significant morbidity and mortality. This organism also has the ability to develop resistance against antimicrobial agents. Knowing its epidemiology, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns can help preventing and managing bacteremia caused by this organism. Materials and methods: This was across sectional observational study carried out from February 2017 to February 2018 on 64 blood culture positive Escherichia coli infected patients admitted in Medicine inpatient of a medical college hospital. Age, sex, mode of acquisition of infection, history of prior empiric antibiotic treatment, duration of hospital stay, development of complication were observed and noted. Antibiotic susceptibility test for all isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Predesigned semi-structured data collection from was used and collected data were analyzed manually and expressed in descriptive statistical terms. Results: Of the 64 enrolled patients, 47(73.43%) were female. Average age of affection was 53.48±20.65 years and increased incidence rates (51.56%) was observed at age >60 years. Infection was communityacquired in 35.84% cases and urinary tract infection was the most frequent (46.3) risk factor. More than eighty seven percent of samples showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent and resistance to multiple drugs was associated with complications. Conclusion: Escherichia coli bacteremia has high incidence rates for antimicrobial resistance and mortality. Continuous surveillance and antibiotic susceptibility pattern monitoring is essential to develop regional antibiotic therapy protocols.

scholarly journals Occurrence of toxigenic Escherichia coli in raw milk cheese in Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 508-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Paneto ◽  
R.P. Schocken-Iturrino ◽  
C. Macedo ◽  
E. Santo ◽  
J.M. Marin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Raw Milk Cheese

The occurrence of toxigenic Escherichia coli in raw milk cheese was surveyed in Middle Western Brazil. Fifty samples of cheese from different supermarkets were analyzed for E.coli. The isolates were serotyped and screened for the presence of verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The susceptibility to thirteen antimicrobial agents was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. E.coli were recovered from 48 (96.0%) of the samples. The serogroups identified were O125 (6.0%), O111 (4.0%), O55 (2.0%) and O119 (2.0%). Three (6.0%) and 1(2.0%) of the E.coli isolates were VTEC and ETEC, respectively. Most frequent resistance was observed to the following antimicrobials: cephalothin (60.0%), nalidixic acid (40.0%), doxycyclin (33.0%), tetracycline (31.0%) and ampicillin (29.0%).

scholarly journals Genotyping and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli from pig carcasses

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1253-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Pissetti ◽  
Gabriela Orosco Werlang ◽  
Jalusa Deon Kich ◽  
Marisa Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Gene Detection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Pig Carcasses

ABSTRACT: The increasing antimicrobial resistance observed worldwide in bacteria isolated from human and animals is a matter of extreme concern and has led to the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic and commensal bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from pig carcasses and to assess the occurrence of relevant resistance genes. A total of 319 E. coli isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility against different antimicrobial agents. Moreover, the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and inducible ampC-β-lactamase producers was investigated. Eighteen multi-resistant strains were chosen for resistance gene detection and PFGE characterization. The study showed that resistance to antimicrobials is widespread in E. coli isolated from pig carcasses, since 86.2% of the strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 71.5% displayed multi-resistance profiles. No ampC-producing isolates were detected and only one ESBL-producing E. coli was identified. Genes strA (n=15), floR (n=14), aac(3)IVa (n=13), tetB (n=13), sul2 (n=12), tetA (n=11), aph(3)Ia (n=8) and sul3 (n=5) were detected by PCR. PFGE analysis of these multi-resistant E. coli strains showed less than 80% similarity among them. We conclude that antimicrobial multi-resistant E. coli strains are common on pig carcasses and present highly diverse genotypes and resistance phenotypes and genotypes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Antimicrobial Drugs Tylocolinum, Tetragold and Cidisept-o on Escherichia coli Ultrastructure

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
A. G. Shakhov ◽  
D. V. Fedosov ◽  
L. Y. Sashnina ◽  
O. V. Kazimirov
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
The Impact

<p>As a result of wide antibiotics, sulfonamides and other antimicrobial agents usage for the therapy of the animals with the bacterial infections caused by various causative agents including <em>Escherichia coli</em>, many microorganisms gained resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents. New combined drugs are being worked out during recent years, the components of which have various influence mechanisms on the bacterial cell that helps to provide resistance forming control. The results of the researches of the new antimicrobial agents, containing antibiotics in their composition, and non-antibiotic agent influence on the ultrastructure of <em>Escherichia coli</em> are represented in this study.</p> <p>5-hour <em>Escherichia coli 866</em> culture was processed by the drugs of the minimum bactericidal (Tylocolinum-0.39 µg/ml, Tetragold-6.25 µg/ml, Cidisept-o-25 µg/ml) and 4-time concentrations during 3 hours. Samples and control culture (without drugs) were fixed by the 2.5% glutaricdialdehyde on the s-Collidine Buffer, dehydrated in the ethanol with rising concentration, filled in epoxies. Ultrathin slices were stained by 2% water solution of uranyl acetate and lead citrate for 10 minutes. Then they were examined with the use of the electron microscope JEM-100 CX II by JEOL.</p> <p>The research showed deep ultrastructural changes in <em>Escherichia coli</em> cells under the antimicrobial agent influence determined by synergistic effect of combined Tylocolinum and Tetragold drugs components, possessing various bacteria influencing mechanisms, and aldehyde that is a component of Cidisept-o.</p> The electron microscopy usage allows to get unique information about the impact consequences of the traditional improved drugs and new drugs with antimicrobial activity on the bacterial infectious agents.

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