scholarly journals SYMBOLIC FUNCTION AND CULTURAL SEMANTICS OF HAIR

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Б. БЕСОЛОВА
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Symbolic Function ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Cultural Functions

В основу статьи легли положения акад. С.М. Толстой о том, что «символика предмета может мотивироваться разными его свойствами и признаками»; что «один и тот же признак может порождать несколько разных символов»; что «далеко не все объекты внешнего мира, как и не все предметы освоенного человеком пространства, вовлекаются в систему символов и обрядности». В них кроется объяснение, почему одни из реалий фигурируют в культурных контекстах, а у других наблюдается отсутствие и культурных функций, и символических значений. Авторы статьи преследовали цель выявить культурные контексты, культурную семантику и функции такого элемента природного кода традиционной народной культуры, как «волос(-ы)». Их интересовало, как они вовлекаются в систему символов и обрядности, в каких символах находит выражение эта природная реалия, сохранились ли первичные символы, образы и аллегории, закрепленные в символах волос, в современном представлении людей. Информация относительно поставленных вопросов почерпнута из работ лингвистов, этнографов, научно-популярной литературы и собранного авторами полевого материала. The key issues of the article are the ideas of academician S.M. Tolstaya, who claims that “the symbolism of an object can be motivated by its various qualities and features” and that “one and the same feature can bring forth several different symbols”, and also that “not necessarily all the objects that a man has learned to use should be involved into the system of symbols and rituals”. This accounts for the selectiveness with which culture endows some terms with the ability to exist in cultural contexts, while others are bereft of both cultural functions and symbolic meanings. The authors' aim was to reveal cultural contexts, cultural semantics and functions of such an element of a traditional culture as (a) hair, whether it is involved in the system of symbols and rituals, in what symbols this natural realia is expressed and whether the primary symbols, images and allegories, secured in the symbols of (a) hair have been preserved in the perception of modern people. The research was based on the works of ethnographers, on popular scientific literature and on field data gathered by the authors themselves.

scholarly journals MAKNA SIMBOLIK TOR-TO RSOMBAH DALAM UPACARA ADAT KEMATIAN SAYUR MATUA PADA MASYARAKAT SUKU BATAK SIMALUNGUN

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Febrina Athylata Purba ◽  
S Slamet
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Field Data Collection ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Musical Accompaniment ◽  
Tor Tor

<p>Penelitian yang berjudul “Makna Simbolik <em>Tor-torsombah </em>Dalam Upacara Adat Kematian <em>Sayur Matua </em>Pada Masyarakat Suku Batak Simalungun” merupakan bentuk pertunjukan tari yang terkait dalam upacara adat kematian <em>sayur matua</em>. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali makna simbolik <em>Tor-tor Sombah </em>dalam upacara adat kematian <em>sayur matua, </em>bagaimana hubungan antara <em>Tor-tor Sombah Sombah </em>dengan upacara adat kematian <em>sayur matua </em>pada masyarakat suku Batak Simalungun, serta bentuk pertunjukan <em>Tor-tor Sombah Sombah </em>dalam upacara adat kematian <em>sayur matua. </em>Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini diungkapkan dengan mendeskripsikan bentuk dari <em>Tor-tor Sombah Tor-tor Sombah </em>yang dilihat dari elemen-elemen koreografi dengan dibantu oleh notasi laban dan dianalisis dengan memakai teori dari Laban yaitu <em>effort </em>dan <em>shape</em>. Selain itu juga dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis makna simbolis <em>Tor-tor Sombah </em>yang dilihat dari dua bagian yaitu aspek dalam dan aspek luar dengan konsep dari Allegra Fuller Synder. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnokoreologi. Teknik pengumpulan data lapangan menggunakan model dari Kurath dengan metode etnografi tari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa <em>Tor-tor Sombah Tor-tor Sombah </em>dalam upacara adat kematian <em>sayur matua </em>bagi masyarakat suku Batak Simalungun dilaksanakan sebagai penyampaian rasa hormat anak kepada orang tua yang sudah meninggal. <em>Tor-tor Sombah </em>dalam kehidupan masyarakat suku Batak Simalungun saling berkaitan dan merupakan bagian dari adat yang digerakkan secara simbolis pada upacara adat<em>. Tor-tor Sombah </em>memiliki makna dan simbol dalam unsur sajian yang ditampilkan yaitu: dalam gerak tangan, iringan musik, busana, tata rias, properti, dan <em>umpasa</em>. Gerakan pada tangan yang terdapat dalam <em>Tor-tor Sombah </em>mempunyai tiga</p><p>bentuk, yaitu :<em>sombah</em>, <em>mangalo-alo</em>, <em>mamasu-masu. </em>Selain menunjukkan bahwa <em>Tor-tor Sombah </em>memiliki makna simbolik, berkaitan juga sebagai media komunikasi, dan melalui gerak yang disajikan terjadi interaksi antar peserta upacara. <em>Tor-tor Sombah </em>menjadi bagian dari kebudayaan yang berfungsi untuk menjaga serta mempertahankan kelangsungan sistem sosialnya pada masyarakat suku Batak Simalungun.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong><em>or-tor Sombah, </em>Upacara Adat Kematian <em>Sayur Matua </em>Batak Simalungun, Koreografi, Makna Simbolik.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>The study entitled “Makna Simbolik Tor-tor Sombah Dalam Upacara Adat Kematian Sayur Matua Pada Masyarakat Suku Batak Simalungun” is a form of dance performance concerning the traditional ceremony of Sayur Matua death. This study aims to explore the symbolic meaning of Tor-tor Sombah in Sayur Matua death ceremony, how the relationship between Tor-tor Sombah and the traditional ceremony of Sayur Matua death in Batak Simalungun tribe, as well as the form of Tor-tor Sombah performance at the ceremony of Sayur Matua death. The problems in this study are expressed by describing the form of Tor-tor Sombah Tor-tor Sombah which is seen from the choreographic elements through Laban notation and is analyzed by using Laban theories, namely </em>effort <em>and </em>shape<em>. In addition, this study also aims to analyze the symbolic meaning of Tor-tor Sombah based on the inner and outer aspects with the concept of Allegra Fuller Synder. The data is collected by using qualitative method with an ethnochoreological approach. The Field data collection uses models from</em></p><p><em>Kurath through dance ethnographic methods. The results of the study show that Tor-tor Sombah in Sayur Matua death ceremony in Batak Simalungun tribe represents the delivery of children’s respect towards their deceased parents. The Tor- tor Sombah is interrelated with the life of Batak Simalungun tribe and is part of the custom that is symbolically presented in traditional ceremonies. Tor-tor Sombah has meanings and symbols in the elements of presentation, namely: hand gestures, musical accompaniment, costume, make-up, property, and </em>umpasa<em>. There are three forms of hand gestures in the Tor-tor Sombah, namely: sombah, mangalo alo, mamasu-masu. Besides the symbolic meaning contained in Tor-tor Sombah, it also represents a medium of communication. The presented movement causes an interaction among the participants of the ceremony. The Tor-tor Sombah is part of a culture that serves to maintain the continuity of its social system in Batak Simalungun tribe.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Tor-tor Sombah, Traditional Ceremony of Sayur Matua Death of Batak Simalungun, Choreography, Symbolic Meanings.</em></p>

A Study on the Change of Functions of Kinari Village’s Rumah Gadang

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Zhang Jingling
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Education System ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Real Condition ◽  
National Education ◽  
Personal Awareness ◽  
National Education System

This paper will present the real condition of traditional house in Nagari Kinari and try to analyze the change of the traditional house function as well as its factors. The study uses a qualitative approach to identifying and collecting field data through the fieldwork in Nagari Kinari, Solok. The result shows traditional houses in Kinari have changed its functions dramatically. These changes occur due to social changes, including changes in family structure, economic income, the national education system and personal awareness, and also differences in understanding of traditional culture.

The contours and issues of contemporary apologetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Michael Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Contemporary Christian ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Trinity

In this article, I examine five important components of the apologetic enterprise. Specifically, based on two biblical examples, I note that apologetics occurs within particular and broad cultural contexts, addresses perennial religious and philosophical concerns, involves defending diverse Christian traditions, and sometimes necessitates clarification or even development of theological insights. I also discuss several key issues facing contemporary apologists, issues arising from our own modern and now postmodern historical context. Among those issues are concerns over how religious knowledge may be accrued, how faith and reason relate, whether God’s existence or nature can be established by reason, whether it is reasonable to believe miracles have happened or are even possible, whether the Bible is trustworthy, how science and Christianity relate, whether core doctrines of Christianity—like the Incarnation or the Trinity—are coherent, why God allows evil, and how Christianity and other religions interrelate. By describing these various features of apologetics, I hope to aid the reader in seeing the complex and intricate nature of the contemporary Christian apologetic task.

scholarly journals Solar Home Systems in South Asia: Examining Adoption, Energy Consumption, and Social Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7754
Author(s):  
Nathanael Ojong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Practice Theory ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Symbolic Function ◽  
Solar Home System ◽  
Home Systems

Renewable electricity generation from solar energy has rapidly increased in South Asia. This paper presents a systematic review of 79 scholarly papers on the topic of solar home system adoption, energy consumption, and social practices in South Asia. Using an intersectionality lens, the paper demonstrates that various categories of difference, such as gender, age, class, and ethnicity, intersect and shape the adoption of this technology in South Asia. Utilizing a social practice theory lens, the paper shows that solar home systems shape the spatial and temporal arrangements and practices of members of households that have adopted the technology, as well as their counterparts who have not. This technology has a practical but also symbolic function; the symbolic function and social meaning are derived from the economic and socio-cultural contexts. As this renewable energy technology is embedded in economic and socio-cultural contexts, people reconfigure it in creative ways to meet their everyday energy needs. The paper identifies research gaps and suggests future research agendas.

Stress and Mental Health: Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 724-730
Author(s):  
Elizabeth P. Hayden ◽  
Kate L. Harkness
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Issues

In this epilogue, the editors of this volume provide a synthesis of the preceding chapters. In addition to highlighting the current state of the scientific literature, future directions for the rapidly evolving field of stress and mental health are outlined, with an emphasis on key issues surrounding the development of new methods and levels of analysis, improvements in assessment approaches, and how training and collaboration can evolve toward the goal of facilitating new insights. Prominent conceptual issues requiring consideration and clarification are discussed, with a particular focus on the fundamental principles that underlie models of stress and mental health, as well as resilience.

The Oxford Handbook of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders Volume 1

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Evidenced Based

Volume 1 of this Handbook provides comprehensive reviews of a number of key research areas in the study of substance use and substance use disorders. Chapters in this volume cover the historical and cultural contexts of substance use and its consequences, its epidemiology and course, etiological processes from the perspective of neuropharmacology, genetics, personality, development, motivation, and the interpersonal and larger social environment. Each chapter highlights key issues in the respective topic area and also highlights key unanswered questions for future research and all of the chapters are authored by leading scholars in each topic. The level of coverage is sufficiently deep to be of value to both trainees and established scientists and clinicians interested in an evidenced-based approach.

An alternative world: a perspective from the North on racism and migration

Race & Class ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 030639682094832
Author(s):  
Kristín Loftsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
The North ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Common Sense Knowledge ◽  
Populist Movements

With the rise of populist movements of various kinds, racism has become one of the key issues debated in the present. This piece stresses the need to recognise racism as a part of the wider social and cultural contexts that populist movements operate within in Nordic countries and beyond. Populist movements’ claims of not being racist gain legitimacy through discourses of race and difference that are generally not recognised as racist but seen as constituting common-sense knowledge that creates an alternative world where racist claims seem to make sense. The article discusses this through three points of emphasis: everyday racism and racist exceptionalism; the idea of prior immobility; and the continued existence of structural racism. Finally, the discussion focuses on this alternative world from the perspective of debates about migration revolving essentially around future anticipation, which become particularly salient during times of crisis.

scholarly journals A Study on the Change of Functions of Kinari Village’s Rumah Gadang

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhang Jingling
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
National Education ◽  
Personal Awareness ◽  
National Education System ◽  
West Sumatra

Rumah Gadang is a traditional house for Minangkabau people, the majority of whom live in West Sumatra. In addition to being a place of residence for the matrilineal family, the traditional house and a place of family consultation, places of ceremonies, inheritance of custom values, and representations of matrilineal culture. The paper will analyze the change of the traditional house function and its factors based on 146 traditional Nagari Kinari. The study uses a qualitative approach to identifying and collecting field data through the fieldwork in Nagari Kinari, Solok. The result shows that traditional houses in Kinari have dramatically changed their functions in matrilineal families' homes and educational centres. However, they are still places for important ceremonies and the manifestation of social status. The function in essential ceremonies and social status symbols These changes occur due to social changes, including changes in family structure, economic income, the national education system and personal awareness, and differences in understanding traditional culture.

scholarly journals The Sacred Landscape of the Northern Selcups: The Losyl-Lakka Sanctuary on Lozyl-to Lake

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Olga Borisovna Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Sacred Landscape ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Natural Place ◽  
Sacred Mountain ◽  
Summary Data ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article is devoted to the most famous ancient sanctuary of the northern Selkups – Shaman Mountain Lozyl-lakka on Lozyl-to Lake. The purpose of the study is to combine the information available about it in the scientific literature and in the author's field archive and to find out what this object of the sacred landscape is. The research methods were description, semantic analysis and fieldwork. The result of the study was the conclusion that Lozyl-lakka is a family sanctuary, where sacrifices were made to the spirits-masters of the ancestral fishing grounds, on which the success of members of the clan in the trade "depended". The memory of the sanctuary has survived to this day due to its location in a remarkable natural place. It was also found that the sacred mountain serves as an indicator of the state of the modern ethnic identity of the Selkups. It is characterized by the preservation of faith in spirits and strict adherence to a number of traditions that this belief dictates, therefore, the process of transformation of traditional culture into new modern forms among the Selkups, which is ongoing among the northern peoples today, is hampered by the vitality of some elements of this very traditional culture. A separate comprehensive study of the Lozyl-Lakka sanctuary, including the standpoint of the attitude of modern Selkups, constitutes the scientific novelty of the study. The publication of summary data on the sanctuary preserves it as part of the cultural heritage for future generations of Selkups and replenishes the data bank of ethnographic science.

scholarly journals Working towards a consensus for antibody validation

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Reiss ◽  
Danxi Min ◽  
Mei Y. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Quality Issues ◽  
Commercial Research ◽  
Antibody Validation

Commercial research antibodies are the most commonly used product in the life science tools market, and their applications represent a significant investment of time and resources for researchers. Frequently however, the quality of antibodies does not meet the expectations of consumers, causing loss of valuable time and money. This can delay research efforts and scientific discovery, or even lead to false, irreproducible results to be published in the scientific literature. This raises the question of whether there should be universal standards for validating antibodies.  During the 1st International Antibody Validation Forum, hosted by St John’s Laboratory Ltd on October 15th 2014 at Queen Mary University of London, scientists from academia and industry presented data highlighting quality issues arising from lack of antibody validation. While the forum identified significant current problems in the antibody market, it also discussed future opportunities for improved quality and transparency by encouraging data disclosure and data sharing. This article highlights the key issues and conclusions reached at the forum.

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