scholarly journals VAKSIN INAKTIF Klebsiella pneumoniae DENGAN PERLAKUAN SINAR GAMMA DAN PEMANASAN SUHU 65° C

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
I. Djajanegara ◽  
I. Sugoro
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Nuclear Technique

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of coliform bacteria which cause human dan mammalian diseases. The bacteria dominate in dairy cow milk which has suffered from mastitis and has resistent on antibiotic. Vaccination is one of aims to prevent the diseases. Nuclear technique could be used to have a vaccine candidate. This research was conducted to get the influence of inactivated K. pneumoniae by gamma irradiated and heat inactivated as vaccine candidate on mice. The treatment were positive control (infected by K. pneumoniae), Negative control (injection by physiologies NaCl solution), 800 Gy (infected by K. pneumoniae has inactivated with 800 Gy), 1000 Gy (infected by K. pneumoniae has inactivated with 1000 Gy), 30’ (infected by K. pneumonia has inactivated with heat 65° C for 30’), and 45’ (infected by K. pneumoniae has inactivated with heat 65° C for 30’). The parameters were physical condition, weight, organ, total number of red, white blood cells, and intraperitoneal macrophage. The results showed that irradiated vaccines were better than heat. % mortality of positive control was 100% but the treatments were 0%. The physic condition of mice was normal for irradiated treatment, but not for negative control and heat treatment. The weight gain of mice after vaccination and challenge test were decreased and back normal after 2 days. The organ condition of mice was normal after vaccination and challenge test. The total number of red and white blood cells showed the same pattern for all treatment after vaccination and challenge test, but the total of intraperitoneal macrophage was increased after 4 hours vaccination. Based on the results showed that irradiated vaccine has potential to develop as vaccine candidate.

scholarly journals In-vivo Antiplasmodial Effect of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine-Nitrofurantoin on Plasmodium berghei- Infected Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Udeme O. Georgewill ◽  
Festus Azibanigha Joseph ◽  
Elias Adikwu
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Nitrofurantoin (NT) used for the treatment of urinary tract infections may have antiplasmodial activity. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is an artemisinin based combination therapy used for the treatment of malaria. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial effect of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine-nitrofurantoin (DP-NT) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Adult Swiss albino mice (30-35 g) of both sexes were used. The mice were randomly grouped, inoculated with Plasmodium berghei, and treated orally with DP (1.7/13.7 mg/kg), NT (57.1 mg/kg) and DP-NT (1.71/13.7/ 57.1 mg/kg), respectively using curative, prophylactic and suppressive tests. The negative control was orally treated with normal saline (0.3 mL), while the positive control was orally treated with chloroquine CQ (10mg/kg). After treatment, blood samples were collected and evaluated for percentage parasitemia, inhibitions and hematological parameters. Liver samples were evaluated for histological changes. The mice were observed for mean survival time (MST). Treatment with DP-NT decreased parasitemia levels when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT prolonged MST when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. The decrease in packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin and increase in white blood cells in parasitized mice were significantly restored by DP-NT  when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT eradicated liver Plasmodium parasite.  NT remarkably increased the antiplasmodial activity of DP. DP-NT may be used for the treatment of malaria.

scholarly journals Efficacy of GP-11 KHV DNA Vaccine in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) through Feed by Different Frequency of Administration

Omni-Akuatika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ahmad Beni Rouf ◽  
Sri Nuryati ◽  
Sukenda Sukenda ◽  
Alimuddin Alimuddin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Koi Herpesvirus ◽  
Vaccine Treatment

GP-11 KHV DNA vaccine is a vaccine that can be used to induce immunity against the KHV virus (Koi herpesvirus). Vaccination through feed is an alternative way of administering vaccines. The study aimed to examine the effect of giving KHV GP-11 DNA vaccine through feed with different frequencies to KHV infection. The frequency of vaccine administration is GP-11 vaccination once a week; GP-11(1x), GP-11 vaccination twice a week; GP-11(2x), GP-11 vaccination three times a week; GP-11(3x), GP-25 vaccinations three times a week; GP-25(3x), negative control (without KHV test) and positive control (KHV tested). The fish were kept for 28 days after vaccination and then continued with the KHV challenge test for 28 days. The weight of carp ranges from 13.82±2.37 g maintained with a density of 15 fish/aquarium. The results showed that vaccine treatment was able to induce an immune response as indicated by the number of white blood cells, lysozyme activity and post-vaccination antibody titer showed a significant effect compared to controls. Likewise, after the challenge test, supported by IFNγ and IgM gene expression parameters after the challenge test showed the highest value of vaccine treatment rather than control. The efficacy of vaccine was showed by RPS value (%) in each vaccine treatment obtained GP-11(1x) value of 44.7±3.7a, GP-11(2x) of 78.9±18.2b, GP-11(3x) 85.6±12.6b and GP-25(3x) 79.5±18.1b. It was concluded that administering the GP-11 vaccine frequency 2 times a week provides protection as strong as giving a vaccine frequency 3 times a week.Keywords: common carp, DNA vaccine, frequency of administration, koi herpesvirus

Antiplasmodial activity of artemether-lumefantrine-tinidazole on Plasmodium berghei infected mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udeme Georgewill
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Impact

Introducion: The impact of malaria scourge has been characterized by daunting challenges including antimalarial drug resistance. This necessitates the search for newer antimalaria drugs using approaches including drug repurposing. This study assessed whether Tinidazole (T) can be repurposed as antimalaria in combination with artemether/lumefantrine (A/L) in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Materials and Methods: Plasmodium berghei infected mice were grouped and orally treated with A/L (2.3/13.7mg/kg), T (28.6 mg/kg), and A/L/T daily in curative, suppressive and prophylactic studies. The negative control (NC) and positive control (MC) were orally treated with 0.9% normal saline (0.2mL) and chloroquine (CQ) (10mg/kg) daily for 4 days, respectively. After drug administration, blood samples were collected and evaluated for parasitemia level, lipid and hematological parameters. Results: Significant decreases in parasitemia levels in the curative, suppressive and prophylactic groups were observed in mice treated with T (28.6 mg/kg) (p<0.05), A/L (2.3/13.7 mg/kg) (p<0.01) and A/L/T (p<0.001) when compared to negative control. Mean survival times were significantly increased at T (28.6 mg/kg) (p<0.05), A/L (2.3/13.7mg/kg) (p<0.01) and A/L/T (p<0.001) when compared to negative control. Red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, high density lipoprotein, cholesterol levels were significantly (p<0.001) increased whereas white blood cells, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels  were significantly decreased at T (28.6 mg/kg) (p<0.05), A/L (2.3/13.7mg/kg) (p<0.01) and A/L/T (p<0.001) when compared to negative control. The antiplasmodial effect of A/L/T differ significantly (p<0.05) when compared to positive control. Conclusion: This study recommends the repurposing of tinidazole in combination with artemether/lumefantrine for malaria treatment and further studies in humans.

scholarly journals ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY OF KETOTIFEN-ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE ON PLASMODIUM BERGHEI INFECTED MICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Udeme O. Georgewill ◽  
Chidi E. Ezeriohaa ◽  
Elias Adikwu
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Adult Mice

Introduction: The development of new antimalarial drugs is time-consuming and costly, thus repurposing of drugs with initial indications for possible antimalarial indication is imperative. This study assessed the antiplasmodial effect of ketotifen (KT) in combination with artemether/lumefantrine (A/L) in Plasmodium bergei infected mice. Materials and Methods: Adult mice (25-30g) were parasitized with Plasmodium berghei, grouped and treated per oral (p.o) with KT (0.1mg/kg), A/L (2.3/13.7mg/kg) and KT/A/L daily in curative, suppressive and prophylactic studies. The negative control (NC) and the positive control (PC) were treated daily p.o with normal saline (0.2mL) and chloroquine (CQ) (10mg/kg) for 4 days respectively. After treatment, blood samples were collected and assessed for percentage parasitemia level, hematological and lipid parameters. Results: The curative, suppressive and prophylactic studies showed significant decreases in percentage parasitemia levels at KT (0.1mg/kg) (p<0.01), A/L (2.3/13.7 mg/kg) (p<0.001) and KT/A/L (p<0.0001) when compared to negative control. Significant increases in mean survival times occurred at KT (0.1 mg/kg) (p<0.01), A/L (2.3/13.7mg/kg) (p<0.001) and A/L/T (p<0.0001) when compared to negative control. Significant increases in packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with significant decreases in total cholesterol, white blood cells, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels at KT (28.6 mg/kg) (p<0.05), A/L (2.3/13.7mg/kg) (p<0.01) and KT/A/L (p<0.001) when compared to negative control. Conclusion: KT may be repurposed in combination with A/L for malaria treatment.

scholarly journals PROTECTIVE OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SAUSSUREA LAPPA AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED HEPATIC AND RENAL DAMAGE IN MALE RABBITS

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIAM A KADHEM
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Saussurea Lappa ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group 2

Objective: The objective of our study is to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Saussurea lappa against paracetamol-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male rabbits. Methods: Eighteen male rabbits were used for this study and were divided into three groups of six rabbits each. Group 1: Rabbits were the normal (negative control), Group 2: (Positive control) Rabbits were administered paracetamol at dose 300 mg/kg body weight (B.W) for 14 day, and Group 3: Rabbits received paracetamol at dose 300 mg/kg B.W then treated with ethanolic extract of S. lappa at dose 300 mg/kg B.W for 14 day. Results: The obtained results showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in B.W, red blood cells count, white blood cells count, neutrophil, total protein, and albumin with significant (p≤0.05) increase in lymphocyte, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, and malondialdehyde in rabbits of positive control group, histological studies showed many pathological changes in liver and kidney when compared with negative control group. The oral administration of the ethanolic extract of S. lappa significantly protected the hepatic and kidney cells from damage, the hematological and biochemical parameters were also almost normal in extract treated rabbits compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our study indicates that the roots of S. lappa act as antioxidant substance and have hepato and renoprotective effect against toxicity induced by paracetamol.

Antiplasmodial Activity of Ketotifen-Artemether-Lumefantrine on Plasmodium Berghei Infected Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udeme Georgewill ◽  
Chidi E. Ezerioha ◽  
Elias Adikwu
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Pack Cell Volume ◽  
Survival Times

Introduction: The development of new antimalarial drugs is time-consuming and costly, thus repurposing of drugs with initial indications for possible antimalarial indication is imperative. This study assessed the antiplasmodial effect of ketotifen (KT) in combination with artemether/lumefantrine (A/L) in Plasmodium bergei infected mice. Materials and Methods: Adult mice (25-30g) were parasitized with Plasmodium berghei, grouped and treated per oral (p.o) with KT (0.1mg/kg), A/L (2.3/13.7mg/kg) and KT/A/L daily in curative, suppressive and prophylactic studies. The negative control (NC) and the positive control (PC) were treated daily p.o with normal saline (0.2mL) and chloroquine (CQ) (10mg/kg) for 4 days respectively. After treatment, blood samples were collected and assessed for percentage parasitemia level, hematological and lipid parameters. Results: The curative, suppressive and prophylactic studies showed significant decreases in percentage parasitemia levels at KT (0.1mg/kg) (p<0.01), A/L (2.3/13.7 mg/kg) (p<0.001) and KT/A/L (p<0.0001) when compared to negative control. Significant increases in mean survival times occurred at KT (0.1 mg/kg) (p<0.01), A/L (2.3/13.7mg/kg) (p<0.001) and A/L/T (p<0.0001) when compared to negative control. Significant increases in pack cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with significant decreases in total cholesterol, white blood cells, low density lipoprotein cholesterol  and triglyceride levels at KT (28.6 mg/kg) (p<0.05), A/L (2.3/13.7mg/kg) (p<0.01) and KT/A/L (p<0.001) when compared to negative control. Conclusion: KT may be repurposed in combination with A/L for malaria treatment.

scholarly journals Trypanocidal activity of methanol extracts of the hemolymph of Sarcophaga argyrostoma larva against Trypanosoma evansi infected mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1599-1604
Author(s):  
Doaa S. Farghaly ◽  
Al-Shaimaa M. Sadek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Trypanocidal Activity ◽  
Sarcophaga Argyrostoma

Background and Aim: Many natural products worldwide are used for medicinal purposes. Various insect-isolated compounds were investigated in pursuit of new therapeutic agents. This study aimed to compare the effects of methanol extract of hemolymph of Sarcophaga argyrostoma larvae with diminazene aceturate on some hematological and biochemical indices of mice infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Materials and Methods: Sixteen albino mice were randomly divided into four groups, of four mice, which received different treatments: In Group 1 (G1), mice were infected intraperitoneally with 1×104 T. evansi and received no treatment (positive control), in Group 2 (G2), infected mice were treated with 0.5 mL/kg of diminazene aceturate, in Group 3 (G3), infected mice were treated with 0.5 mL/kg methanol extract of the hemolymph of S. argyrostoma larvae, and in Group 4 (G4), uninfected mice received 0.5 ml of distilled water (negative control). In G3, treatment was started 3 days before injecting the parasite, while for the other groups, a single dose of treatment was applied when the parasite appeared in the blood. Results: Mice from G3 showed low parasitemia of 29×104/mm3 4 days post-infection until the infection completely disappeared on the 5th day, which was earlier than for other groups. The results showed that the numbers of red blood corpuscles (red blood cells [RBCs]) and white blood cells (WBCs) per unit volume were significantly different (p<0.05) between the four groups. The highest RBC (9.09×103 cell/ mm3) and WBC (14.30×103 cell/ mm3) counts were recorded in G3, whereas the lowest values of 6.60 and 4.60×103cell/ mm3, respectively, were recorded for G2. In addition, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the different groups for platelet counts per unit volume, with G3 having the most (943×103 cell/ mm3) and G2 having the least (357×103 cell/ mm3). There was a significant (p<0.05) difference in the indices of biochemical activities between the extract-treated infected groups and the standard drug-treated group. Conclusion: This study suggests that the methanol extract of the hemolymph of S. argyrostoma larva exhibits trypanocidal activity, so it may be exploited as a suitable candidate for the development of trypanocidal drugs.

scholarly journals APLIKASI SINBIOTIK UNTUK PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI INFECTIOUS MYONECROSIS VIRUS PADA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) (Synbiotic Application for Prevention of Infectious Myonecrosis Virus Infection in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei))

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Widanarni Widanarni ◽  
Sukenda Sukenda ◽  
Ghita Ryan Septiani
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Infectious Myonecrosis Virus ◽  
Synbiotic Supplementation

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary synbiotic at different giving frequencies on growth, immune responses, and resistance of white shrimp infected by infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). Synbiotic used in this study was combination of probiotic Vibrio alginolyticus SKT-b and prebiotic oligosaccharides extracted from sweet potatoe (Ipomoea batatas L). Doses of probiotic and prebiotic used were 1% and 2% (w/w), respectively. The white shrimps (0.493±0.035 g) were divided into five treatments consisting of A and B (without supplementation of synbiotic: (A) positive control; (B) negative control), C (daily synbiotic supplementation), D (twice a week synbiotic supplementation), and E (weekly synbiotic supplementation). After 30 days of feeding trial, white shrimps were infected by IMNV (except negative control). The results showed that daily growth rate of white shrimp on all synbiotic treatments (C, D, and E) ranged from 6.93±0.025-6.97±0.019% and had higher values than controls (A and B) (P<0.05). Meanwhile, feed conversion value in C and D (1.54±0.142 and 1.58±0.117) were lower than controls (P<0.05). Supplementation of synbiotic with different frequencies also affected survival rate of white shrimp after the challenge test with IMNV; daily synbiotic supplementation (C) resulted in a 50% higher survival rate than positive control (P<0.05). This was associated with immune responses parameters values of synbiotic treatment (before and after the challenge test) which were better than positive control. In conclusion the addition of synbiotic in feed resulted in higher growth performances, immune responses,and resistance of white shrimp to IMNV infection.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF Vibrio alginolyticus INFECTION IN ASIAN SEA BASS Lates calcarifer USING AMBON BANANA PLANT POWDER Musa paradisiacal THROUGH THE FEED

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Hamida Pattah ◽  
Dinamella Wahjuningrum ◽  
Munti Yuhana ◽  
Widanarni Widanarni
Keyword(s):  
Challenge Test ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Asian Sea Bass ◽  
Antibiotic Control ◽  
Lower Production

Asian sea bass is one of economically important commodities in aquaculture. However, its culture often challenged by vibriosis infection which resulted in lower production. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ambon banana plant powder application in feed as an effort to control the disease caused by Vibrio alginolyticus infection. Asian sea bass with total length of 7.48 ± 0.45 cm. Five different treatments were applied in this experiment, i.e. positive control, negative control, prevention, curative, and antibiotic application. The challenge test is carried out on the 15th day. Challenge test was performed with intramuscularly injection of V. alginolyticus at the cell density of 106 CFU/fish. The results showed the amount of feed consumption after the challenge test was highest in the curative and antibiotic control. However, these results were not significantly different (P>0.05) among preventive and curative treatments but were significantly different from controls (P<0.05). Fish treated with supplemented feed showed the highest total erythrocytes, total leukocytes, hemoglobin, respiratory burst, and lysozyme activity compared to controls. IL-1b gene expression increased after the challenge test with the highest level of expression in the curative treatment. It can be concluded that the administration of ambon banana plant powder (3 g/100 g diet) could control of V. alginolyticus infection in Asian sea bass and resulted 70.00% survival rate on prevention and 83.33% on curative treatments.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of turmeric-enriched pellets to improve the immunity of Clarias batrachus toward motile Aeromonas septicemia disease

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Morina Riauwaty ◽  
Yusni I. Siregar ◽  
Isma Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Natural Remedy ◽  
Loss Of Balance ◽  
Treated Fish

Background: Turmeric is known as a natural remedy to improve the immunity of organisms. This study aims to understand the effectiveness of turmeric-enriched pellets to improve the immunity of Clarias batrachus to Aeromonas hydrophila. Methods: The study was conducted from May to August 2020. C. batrachus fingerlings, 7-8 cm total length (TL) and 4-5 g (BW) at baseline, were kept in 30 L aquaria (10 fishes/aquarium; three replicated/treatment). Commercial pellets were mixed with turmeric powder. There were five treatment groups: P0 (control, no turmeric); P1 (0.5 g turmeric per Kg of pellets); P2 (0.7 g/Kg); P3 (0.9 g/Kg); Pp (positive control). Thirty days after being feed with turmeric-enriched pellets, all groups of fish were infected with 0.1 ml (108) of A. hydrophila suspension, intramuscularly. The P0 group did not receive injection, while Pp group were not fed with turmeric-enriched pellets but were infected with the bacteria. Fourteen days after infection, clinical signs and hematology of the fish were studied. Results: Pp fish showed heavy clinical signs of A. hydrophila, such as loss of balance, pigmentation, hemorrhages and ulcers. P0 fish did not show any symptoms, while the treated fish reveled some clinical signs of A. hydrophila to a lesser extent than Pp, indicating that the fish is able to face the A. hydrophila attack. Hematology for Pp fish revealed high white blood cells, indicating that the fish were infected. The blood condition of the P0 fish, as well as those of the turmeric-treated fish were normal. In general, the P3 fish showed the least clinical signs of A. hydrophila and normal blood condition, indicating that P3 treatment is best. Conclusion: The best turmeric dosage to improve the immunity of C. batrachus toward A. hydrophila infection is 0.9 g/Kg pellets.

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