scholarly journals EFEK FARMAKOLOGI DAN TOKSIK SIRSAK (Annona muricata): A MINI-REVIEW

Biomedika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Putu Nita Cahyawati
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short And Long Term

ABSTRAKAnnona muricata (sirsak) telah digunakan secara tradisional sejak lama untuk mengatasi demam, nyeri, gangguan pernapasan dan kulit, sebagai antiparasit, mengatasi infeksi bakteri, menurunkan tekanan darah, mengatasi peradangan, mengatasi diabetes dan kanker. Oleh karenanya, banyak studi baik in vitro maupun in vivo ditujukan untuk membuktikan manfaat tersebut. Senyawa kimia telah berhasil diisolasi dari tanaman ini diantaranya: alkaloid, fenol, dan asetogenin. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut diyakini berperan terhadap efek farmakologi pada berbagai kondisi penyakit. Walaupun demikian, keamanan atau toksisitas tanaman ini masih dipertanyakan baik untuk pemakaian jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Dosis efektif tanaman ini juga belum diketahui secara pasti. Melalui tulisan ini, penulis hendak merangkum berbagai efek farmakologi serta efek toksik yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh Annona muricata berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdahulu.Kata Kunci: Annona Muricata, Sirsak, Efek Farmakologi, Efek ToksikABSTRACTAnnona muricata (sirsak) has been used traditionally for a long time to treated fever, pain, respiratory and skin disorders, as an antiparasitic, to treat bacterial infections, reduce blood pressure, to treat inflammation, diabetes and cancer. Therefore, many studies both in vitro and in vivo were aimed to prove these benefits. Various chemical compounds have been successfully isolated from these plants. These compounds were believed to play a vital role in pharmacological effects in various diseases. Nevertheless, the safety or toxicity of this plant was still questionable for both short and long term use. The effective dose of this plant was also not known with certainty. Through this paper, the author wishes to summarize the various pharmacological and toxic effects that can be caused by Annona muricata based on the results of previous studies.Keywords: Annona Muricata, Soursop, Pharmacological Effects, Toxic Effects

Ligustilide Reduces Phenylephrine Induced-Aortic Tension In Vitro but has No Effect on Systolic Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Rong Du ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
Bo Bai ◽  
Xu Zong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Shr Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Long Time

Radix Angelica sinensis, known as Danggui in Chinese, has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine for a long time. Experimental evidence showed that the essential oil of Danggui could reduce blood pressure in rabbits, cats or hypertensive dogs when given intravenously. In this study, we investigated the effects of Z-ligustilide, the main lipophilic component of the essential oil of Danggui on aortic tension induced by phenylephrine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, in vitro and the systolic blood pressure in SHR rats. We demonstrated for the first time that ligustilide can significantly reduce the phenylephrine-induced aortic tension in vitro with IC50 about 64 μg/ml, but has no in vivo effect on systolic blood pressure in SHR rats when administrated orally. The data on transport of ligustilide across Caco-2 monolayer suggested an efficient intestinal absorption of ligustilide in vivo, implying that the non-effectiveness of ligustilide in vivo is not due to the poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Further studies on whether ligustilide is one of the main anti-hypertensive components of the essential oil are needed.

scholarly journals Erianin against Staphylococcus aureus Infection via Inhibiting Sortase A

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Ouyang ◽  
Xuewen He ◽  
Zhong-Wei Yuan ◽  
Zhong-Qiong Yin ◽  
Hualin Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Sortase A

With continuous emergence and widespread of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, common antibiotics have become ineffective in treating these infections in the clinical setting. Anti-virulence strategies could be novel, effective therapeutic strategies against drug-resistant bacterial infections. Sortase A (srtA), a transpeptidase in gram-positive bacteria, can anchor surface proteins that play a vital role in pathogenesis of these bacteria. SrtA is known as a potential antivirulent drug target to treat bacterial infections. In this study, we found that erianin, a natural bibenzyl compound, could inhibit the activity of srtA in vitro (half maximal inhibitory concentration—IC50 = 20.91 ± 2.31 μg/mL, 65.7 ± 7.2 μM) at subminimum inhibitory concentrations (minimum inhibitory concentrations—MIC = 512 μg/mL against S. aureus). The molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition of srtA by erianin was identified using molecular dynamics simulation: erianin binds to srtA residues Ile182, Val193, Trp194, Arg197, and Ile199, forming a stable bond via hydrophobic interactions. In addition, the activities of S. aureus binding to fibronectin and biofilm formation were inhibited by erianin, when co-culture with S. aureus. In vivo, erianin could improve the survival in mice that infected with S. aureus by tail vein injection. Experimental results showed that erianin is a potential novel therapeutic compound against S. aureus infections via affecting srtA.

The Application of the Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Activated Solutions in Cancer Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayun Yan ◽  
Jonathan H. Sherman ◽  
Michael Keidar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
The Common

Background: Over the past five years, the cold atmospheric plasma-activated solutions (PAS) have shown their promissing application in cancer treatment. Similar as the common direct cold plasma treatment, PAS shows a selective anti-cancer capacity in vitro and in vivo. However, different from the direct cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment, PAS can be stored for a long time and can be used without dependence on a CAP device. The research on PAS is gradually becoming a hot topic in plasma medicine. Objectives: In this review, we gave a concise but comprehensive summary on key topics about PAS including the development, current status, as well as the main conclusions about the anti-cancer mechanism achieved in past years. The approaches to make strong and stable PAS are also summarized.

scholarly journals Activation of MAT2A-RIP1 signaling axis reprograms monocytes in gastric cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e001364
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Ping Wan ◽  
Ye Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Methionine Metabolism ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Methionine Cycle

BackgroundThe activation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitates the progression of gastric cancer (GC). Cell metabolism reprogramming has been shown to play a vital role in the polarization of TAMs. However, the role of methionine metabolism in function of TAMs remains to be explored.MethodsMonocytes/macrophages were isolated from peripheral blood, tumor tissues or normal tissues from healthy donors or patients with GC. The role of methionine metabolism in the activation of TAMs was evaluated with both in vivo analyses and in vitro experiments. Pharmacological inhibition of the methionine cycle and modulation of key metabolic genes was employed, where molecular and biological analyses were performed.ResultsTAMs have increased methionine cycle activity that are mainly attributed to elevated methionine adenosyltransferase II alpha (MAT2A) levels. MAT2A modulates the activation and maintenance of the phenotype of TAMs and mediates the upregulation of RIP1 by increasing the histone H3K4 methylation (H3K4me3) at its promoter regions.ConclusionsOur data cast light on a novel mechanism by which methionine metabolism regulates the anti-inflammatory functions of monocytes in GC. MAT2A might be a potential therapeutic target for cancer cells as well as TAMs in GC.

scholarly journals Mammary gland 3D cell culture systems in farm animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Finot ◽  
Eric Chanat ◽  
Frederic Dessauge
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Cell Culture Systems

AbstractIn vivo study of tissue or organ biology in mammals is very complex and progress is slowed by poor accessibility of samples and ethical concerns. Fortunately, however, advances in stem cell identification and culture have made it possible to derive in vitro 3D “tissues” called organoids, these three-dimensional structures partly or fully mimicking the in vivo functioning of organs. The mammary gland produces milk, the source of nutrition for newborn mammals. Milk is synthesized and secreted by the differentiated polarized mammary epithelial cells of the gland. Reconstructing in vitro a mammary-like structure mimicking the functional tissue represents a major challenge in mammary gland biology, especially for farm animals for which specific agronomic questions arise. This would greatly facilitate the study of mammary gland development, milk secretion processes and pathological effects of viral or bacterial infections at the cellular level, all with the objective of improving milk production at the animal level. With this aim, various 3D cell culture models have been developed such as mammospheres and, more recently, efforts to develop organoids in vitro have been considerable. Researchers are now starting to draw inspiration from other fields, such as bioengineering, to generate organoids that would be more physiologically relevant. In this chapter, we will discuss 3D cell culture systems as organoids and their relevance for agronomic research.

Anti-parasitic activity of Annona muricata L. leaf ethanolic extract and its fractions against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
pp. 114019
Author(s):  
Natália Carnevalli Miranda ◽  
Ester Cristina Borges Araujo ◽  
Allisson Benatti Justino ◽  
Yusmaris Cariaco ◽  
Caroline Martins Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Parasitic Activity

scholarly journals Lankesterella (Apicomplexa, Lankesterellidae) Blood Parasites of Passeriform Birds: Prevalence, Molecular and Morphological Characterization, with Notes on Sporozoite Persistence In Vivo and Development In Vitro

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1451
Author(s):  
Carolina Romeiro Fernandes Chagas ◽  
Josef Harl ◽  
Vytautas Preikša ◽  
Dovilė Bukauskaitė ◽  
Mikas Ilgūnas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Serinus Canaria ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Development In Vitro

Recent studies confirmed that some Hepatozoon-like blood parasites (Apicomplexa) of birds are closely related to the amphibian parasite Lankesterella minima. Little is known about the biology of these pathogens in birds, including their distribution, life cycles, specificity, vectors, and molecular characterization. Using blood samples of 641 birds from 16 species, we (i) determined the prevalence and molecular diversity of Lankesterella parasites in naturally infected birds; (ii) investigated the development of Lankesterella kabeeni in laboratory-reared mosquitoes, Culex pipiens forma molestus and Aedes aegypti; and (iii) tested experimentally the susceptibility of domestic canaries, Serinus canaria, to this parasite. This study combined molecular and morphological diagnostic methods and determined 11% prevalence of Lankesterella parasites in Acrocephalidae birds; 16 Lankesterella lineages with a certain degree of host specificity and two new species (Lankesterella vacuolata n. sp. and Lankesterella macrovacuolata n. sp.) were found and characterized. Lankesterella kabeeni (formerly Hepatozoon kabeeni) was re-described. Serinus canaria were resistant after various experimental exposures. Lankesterella sporozoites rapidly escaped from host cells in vitro. Sporozoites persisted for a long time in infected mosquitoes (up to 42 days post exposure). Our study demonstrated a high diversity of Lankesterella parasites in birds, and showed that several avian Hepatozoon-like parasites, in fact, belong to Lankesterella genus.

scholarly journals Is There Potential for Repurposing Statins as Novel Antimicrobials?

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 5111-5121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Hennessy ◽  
Claire Adams ◽  
F. Jerry Reen ◽  
Fergal O'Gara
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACTStatins are members of a class of pharmaceutical widely used to reduce high levels of serum cholesterol. In addition, statins have so-called “pleiotropic effects,” which include inflammation reduction, immunomodulation, and antimicrobial effects. An increasing number of studies are emerging which detail the attenuation of bacterial growth andin vitroandin vivovirulence by statin treatment. In this review, we describe the current information available concerning the effects of statins on bacterial infections and provide insight regarding the potential use of these compounds as antimicrobial therapeutic agents.

Evaluation of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaves activity against experimental trichinellosis: in vitro and in vivo studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. El-Wakil ◽  
H.F. Abdelmaksoud ◽  
T.S. AbouShousha ◽  
M.M.I. Ghallab
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Group I ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Our work aimed to evaluate the possible effect of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaf extract on Trichinella spiralis in in vitro and in vivo studies. Trichinella spiralis worms were isolated from infected mice and transferred to three culture media – group I (with no drugs), group II (contained Graviola) and group III (contained albendazole) – then they were examined using the electron microscope. In the in vivo study, mice were divided into five groups: GI (infected untreated), GII (prophylactically treated with Graviola for seven days before infection), GIII (infected and treated with Graviola), GIV (infected and treated with albendazole) and GV (infected and treated with a combination of Graviola plus albendazole in half doses). Drug effects were assessed by adults and larvae load beside the histopathological small intestinal and muscular changes. A significant reduction of adult and larval counts occurred in treated groups in comparison to the control group. Histopathologically, marked improvement in the small intestinal and muscular changes was observed in treated groups. Also, massive destruction of the cultured adults’ cuticle was detected in both drugs. This study revealed that Graviola leaves have potential activity against trichinellosis, especially in combination with albendazole, and could serve as an adjuvant to anti-trichinellosis drug therapy.

scholarly journals Natural products with therapeutic potential in melanoma metastasis

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1170-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. AlQathama ◽  
J. M. Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Melanoma Metastasis ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds

Natural products continue to provide lead cytotoxic compounds for cancer treatment but less attention has been given to antimigratory compounds. We here systematically and critically survey more than 30 natural products with direct in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects on migration and/or metastasis of melanoma cells and chart the mechanisms of action for this underexploited property.

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