scholarly journals IMAGE AND SYMBOLISM OF THE WOLF IN THE WORLDVIEW AND RITUAL OF THE BURYATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Андрей Андреевич Бадмаев
Keyword(s):  
Wild Animal ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
Negative Characteristic

В современности духовное наследие народов России, включая их традиционную картину мира, является объектом общественного и научного интереса. В этом ключе представляется важным реконструкция народных воззрений о животном мире. Целью работы является выявление значений волка в мифологических суждениях бурят и включенности этого дикого животного в их обрядность. Источниками для исследования послужили различные этнографические, фольклорные и лингвистические материалы. В работе использован в качестве основного структурно-семиотический метод. Анализ показывает, что у бурят сформировался неоднозначный образ волка, характеризующийся амбивалентностью коннотации. Выявлена в представлениях об этом звере особая роль символики цвета. Волк имел небесную (белый волк) и мужскую символику. Положительная коннотация выражалась также в признании апотропейной функции его шкуры. О сакральности его образа указывает соблюдавшийся охотниками обычай снятия с убитого хищника шкуры с головой и некоторыми внутренними органами. Отрицательная характеристика волка связывалась с тем, что этот зверь воспринимался как медиатор между мирами. Он отождествлялся с бедой. Полагали, что он имеет демоническую природу, служит транспортом для нечистой силы. На хтоническое происхождение хищника указывала его взаимосвязь с вороном. Волк также нес символику агрессии и увязывался с воинским культом. В этом контексте следует рассматривать его ассоциацию с оружием и идею оборотничества. Выяснено, что в шаманской обрядности бурят волк имел священный статус, что проявилось в поэзии и атрибутике шамана (в ритуальной одежде, в использовании волчьего фетиша). Определено, что народные воззрения бурят о волке находят параллели в традиционном мировоззрении других народов, что указывает на универсальные и типологические феномены в бурятской мифологической фауне. In modern times, the spiritual heritage of the peoples of Russia, including their traditional picture of the world, is an object of public and scientific interest. In this context, it is important to reconstruct popular views about the animal world. The purpose of the work is to identify the meaning of the wolf in the mythological judgments of the Buryats and the inclusion of this wild animal in their rituals. Various ethnographic, folklore, and linguistic materials were used as sources for the research. The paper uses the structural-semiotic method as the main one. The analysis shows that the Buryats have formed an ambiguous image of the wolf, characterized by ambivalent connotations. The special role of color symbolism is revealed in the ideas about this animal. The wolf had a heavenly (white wolf) and male symbolism. A positive connotation was also expressed in the recognition of the apotropaic function of his skin. The sacredness of his image is indicated by the custom observed by hunters of removing the skin from the killed predator with the head and some internal organs. The negative characteristic of the wolf was associated with the fact that this beast was perceived as a mediator between worlds. He was identified with trouble. It was believed that it has a demonic nature, serves as a transport for evil spirits. The chthonic origin of the predator was indicated by its relationship with the raven. The wolf also carried the symbolism of aggression and was associated with a military cult. In this context, we should consider its association with weapons and the idea of werewolves. It was found out that in the shamanic rites of the Buryats, the wolf had a sacred status, which was manifested in the poetry and attributes of the shaman (in ritual clothing, in the use of a wolf fetish). It is determined that the Buryat folk beliefs about the wolf find parallels in the traditional worldview of other peoples, which indicates universal and typological phenomena in the Buryat mythological fauna.

scholarly journals Contribution of Cyanotoxins to the Ecotoxicological Role of Lichens

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Dobri Ivanov ◽  
Galina Yaneva ◽  
Irina Potoroko ◽  
Diana G. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Effective Application ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

The fascinating world of lichens draws the attention of the researchers because of the numerous properties of lichens used traditionally and, in modern times, as a raw material for medicines and in the perfumery industry, for food and spices, for fodder, as dyes, and for other various purposes all over the world. However, lichens being widespread symbiotic entities between fungi and photosynthetic partners may acquire toxic features due to either the fungi, algae, or cyano-procaryotes producing toxins. By this way, several common lichens acquire toxic features. In this survey, recent data about the ecology, phytogenetics, and biology of some lichens with respect to the associated toxin-producing cyanoprokaryotes in different habitats around the world are discussed. Special attention is paid to the common toxins, called microcystin and nodularin, produced mainly by the Nostoc species. The effective application of a series of modern research methods to approach the issue of lichen toxicity as contributed by the cyanophotobiont partner is emphasized.

scholarly journals Present and future of Francophony, or Battle for French

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Marina N. Vetchinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
International Organization ◽  
French Language ◽  
Special Role ◽  
World Languages ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Other World

The article analyzes the place and role of the French language in the linguistic picture of the world, provides figures that characterize its position. The article shows the history of the creation and modern activities of the International Organization of Francophone Countries, as well as the history of the emergence of the term “Francophonie”, the angles of its use are noted. It contains data on the use of the French language on the African continent, and makes reasonable guesses about where it will occupy in Africa in the future. The article deals with the activities of the French state and international public institutions to popularize the French language in the world. It draws attention to initiatives to promote French. Information about the study of the French language in various countries is presented, the special role of teachers in its study is emphasized, the difficulties of competing with the English language are highlighted. Thanks to given mathematical calculations one can already assume an important role and significant place of French among other world languages in the middle of the XXI century.

scholarly journals Digitalization of the economy in the geography of the Republic of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 10044
Author(s):  
Madina A Raimjanova ◽  
Dildora Kh Shadiyeva ◽  
Laziz S Zoyirov ◽  
Rasulbek B Saidov ◽  
Mavluda T Askarova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The article is devoted to an overview of the development and state of the digital economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the world as a whole. In particular, the role of information and communication technologies in enhancing the economic growth of countries and facilitating access to public services is being examined. The main components that stimulate the development of the country’s digital economy (investments in information and communication technologies and their development, digital infrastructure, e-government) are revealed. When studying the material, the methods of analysis, observation, grouping, comparison of world experience in the development of information and communication technologies, and the digitization of the economy were used. A review of the main world ratings that are significant in the development of the digital economy is carried out and the place of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the ratings is revealed, a growth trend is noted. The analysis of the prospects of digital technologies in the Republic of Uzbekistan is carried out, the special role of the documents issued by the government on the development of the digital economy, as well as the organizations created that allow making innovative proposals, is noted. Based on the results of the study of the material, recommendations were made for improving the state of the digital economy in the country and in the world as a whole. These recommendations are also reflected in the regulatory documents on regulating the digitalization of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals Gwarowe nazwy roślin jako odbicie nastawienia użytkowników gwar do przyrody (ujęcie historyczno-porównawcze) ..

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Waniakowa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Issue ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Human Attitude

This text discusses Polish dialectal names of plants, which refl ect the human attitude towards the world of fl ora. Therefore, the basic issue is the motivation behind plant names. These names are motivated by species characteristics. The motivations where the human attitude towards the nature are particularly visible have been taken into consideration. These are primarily medicinal properties and the attributed (positive or negative) magical properties, harmfulness of certain species, application and purpose in the homestead, and annoying negative characteristics. The relation between plant names and folk beliefs and legends are analysed, religious references are also made. The signifi cant role of taboos and metaphors in the plant denomination process is emphasised in the discussions. The names are examined from the historical and comparative perspective, which is illustrated with examples. Keywords: folk names of plants – semantic motivation – origin of plant names – metaphor – taboo

The Nile Waters Issue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terje Tvedt
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
North Africa ◽  
African History ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
Nile Water ◽  
History Of

To understand the role of the modern Nile in African history, it is first necessary to have familiarity with the premodern “natural” Nile, including both its hydrology and societal importance. It is well known that no river basin in the world has a longer, more complex, and more eventful history. The Nile water issue in modern times is a history of how economic and political developments in East and North Africa have been fundamentally shaped by the interconnectedness of the Nile’s particular physical and hydrological character; the efforts of adapting to, controlling, using, and sharing the waters of the river; and the different ideas and ambitions that political leaders have had for the Nile.

The Role Of Women In Society: The Bodo Women

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
Dr. Oinam Ranjit Singh ◽  
Eliah Islary
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Normal Position ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Growth Development

Throughout in the history, women have been made significant contribution towards the growth, development and sustainability of human society as a whole. Women constitute almost half of the population in the world. However, their enjoyment of rights equally with that of men is far from satisfactory. In every society from ancient to modern times, women are considered as the property of men to serve their interest in both society and domestic front. The position of women always plays a significant role in the growth and development of any society in the world. Assam is a land of numerous tribes having different ethnic and linguistic background since the time immemorial. Among them, the Bodo/Boro are numerically and sociologically one of the most important aboriginal tribes in Assam. Role of Bodo women were confined to her being a wife and a mother as has been depicted in the inscriptions. Yet the historiography on that period confined the study the Status of Bodo women in her society in a various concern areas. The paper is made a humble attempt to highlight the importance of the status of Bodo women or their normal position in the field of socio-cultural, economic, and religious perceptions in the society in the colonial period.

The Key Concept of “Preparation” in K. K. Rokossovsky’s Memoir “Soldier’s Duty”

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Ma Ruye ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts

The defining feature of memoirs as a genre is the understanding of the events and the author’s own role in them. The world of the language personality of the author-narrator becomes the dominant component, which forms the meaning of the text. One of the possibilities of its linguistic study is to rely on key concepts, which are implemented by some lexical units, reflecting the worldview of the narrator and showing the conceptual and idiostylistic nature of the text. Studying military memoirs of Marshal Rokossovsky allowed to reveal a special role of the word preparation, which has a high frequency of use and is of a high importance as an evaluation tool. It may be considered one of the key words of the text because it refl ects one of the major areas of focus of Rokossovsky during the war. Thus, the meaning of the text in the genre of memoirs and personality of its creator can be interpreted by considering the important components in the activities of the author-narrator. One concept predominates the meaning of their work and becomes one of the key-concepts. From the perspective of this key concept the author evaluates events and their participants as positive or negative.

Exemplars of Truth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Lehrer
Keyword(s):  
External World ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Coherence Theory ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The Core ◽  
Intellectual System ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
Modern Work

This monograph is both an intellectual summation as well as a philosophical advancement of key themes of the work of Keith Lehrer on several key topics—including knowledge, self-trust, autonomy, and consciousness. He here attempts to integrate these themes and develop an intellectual system that can constructively solve philosophical problems. The system is indebted to the modern work of Sellars, Quine, and Chisholm, as well as historically to Hume and Reid. At the core of this system lies Lehrer’s theory of knowledge, which he previously called a coherence theory of knowledge but now calls a defensibility theory. Lehrer argues that knowledge requires the capacity to justify or defend the target claim of knowledge in terms of a background system. Defensibility is an internal capacity supplied by that system to meet objections to the claim. This theory however leaves open the problem of “experience,” noted by other philosophers, of how to explain the special role of experience in a background system even granted we are fallible in describing it. Lehrer offers a solution to the problem of experience, arguing that reflection on experience converts the experience itself into an exemplar, something like a sample that becomes a vehicle or term of representation. The exemplar represents itself and extends to represent the external world. It exhibits something about evidence and truth concerning experience that, as Wittgenstein noted, cannot be fully described but can only be shown. Exemplar representation is the missing link of a background system to truth about the world.

Imagistic Ritual, Fusion, and Self-Sacrifice

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-105
Author(s):  
Harvey Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Psychological Construct ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Fusion Theory ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Efforts to investigate the imagistic mode of religiosity initially focused on the effects of emotionally intense rituals on meaning making. But the discovery of a new psychological construct—identity fusion—made it possible to extend the study of imagistic processes to include increasingly precise measures of the pathways to group bonding. Fusion theory has helped clarify the role of feelings of shared essence, both biological and experiential, in fusing together personal and group identities. And it has allowed researchers to test a host of predictions about the causes and consequences of this for ingroup cooperation and intergroup conflict. This chapter considers how the evolution of the imagistic mode may have benefited ancestral groups, and the individuals belonging to them, but in modern times, it has helped to fuel some of the deadliest forms of violence the world has ever seen.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document