scholarly journals Influence of anthropogenic activities on the initial establishment and growth rate of introduced Senna siamea in Zomba-Malosa Forest Reserve, Malawi

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gift Gladson Moyo ◽  
Marlene Chikuni
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Base Diameter ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Senna Siamea ◽  
Base Area ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Moisture Variation ◽  
Transplanting Shock

The study was conducted along the Nkanya-Lusewa rivers catchment as hot spot in Zomba-Malosa Forest Reserve  in Domasi area in Malawi to determine the influence of anthropogenic activities on the growth of Senna siamea planted by the community using  integrated indigenous-technocrat model. The study focused on 28 gardens along the rivers whose owners encroached the forest reserve and willed to participate in the study. In total we planted 101 S. siamea seedlings within a distance of 10 m on either side of the study rivers and we determined tree total height, canopy height, canopy base diameter and canopy base area in February, May, August, and November in 2014 using a ruler. We found that the average tree total height and canopy height slightly decreased from February to November  from initial 34.7 cm to 31.1 cm and 16.8 cm to 12.1 cm respectively due to impact of transplanting shock and bushfires which led to loss of tree tops and some branches but those of canopy base diameter and canopy base area increased slightly following sprouting of burnt seedling stems. We further found that tree growth rates varied among the gardens due to transplanting shock, post-planting care differences, soil moisture variation, and incidence of bushfires.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Temperature between Forest and Non-Forested Domains in Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-449
Author(s):  
B.M. Awosusi ◽  
I.S. Adamu ◽  
A.R. Orunkoyi ◽  
D.O. Atiba ◽  
A.A. Obe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Afternoon Session ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide

This study was carried out to assess the concentration levels of CO2 and temperature and also to correlate their values among selected locations in Oyo State, Nigeria. CO2 and temperature readings were taken using a portable CO2 meter, and a GPS was use to capture co-ordinates of sample points, this was done twice a day. Data were collected from 7am to 11am for morning session while afternoon session data were collected between 1pm and  5pm making a total of 8 hours monitoring. There were negative correlation between CO2 and temperature in all the forests while we have positive correlation between CO2 and temperature in non-forested domains, this,  by implication, means that presence of trees in the forest reserve help to reduce Carbon dioxide during the day since trees  manufacture their food using CO2 in the presence of sunlight. Also, the positive correlation between CO2 and temperature in the towns is due to high rate of human anthropogenic activities during the day. The values of CO2 obtained in this study were higher when  compared with IPCC limit of 435 ppm (parts per million) of CO2 emission. Routine monitoring of carbon dioxide and public education is recommended. Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Temperature, Forest, Non-Forest, Forest Reserve

scholarly journals Biomass and Carbon Stock Estimation of Udawattakele Forest Reserve in Kandy District of Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M.S.K. Abeysekara ◽  
S.K. Yatigammana ◽  
K.T. Premakantha
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Carbon dioxide has gained lot of attention in recent past as a greenhouse gas, and therefore it has a potential to affect the climate pattern of the world. Several anthropogenic activities are known to be responsible for the increased level of carbon in the atmosphere and disruption of the global carbon cycle. However, nature has its own mechanism of sequestering and storing the carbon in its “reservoirs”. Forest has the ability to sequester carbon in their biomass and reduce the rate of increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The carbon sequestered in the forest trees are mostly referred to as the biomass of a tree or a forest. It has been identified five carbon pools of the terrestrial ecosystem, involving biomass. The study was designed to estimate biomass stock and then the carbon stock of the Udawattakele Forest Reserve (7°17'58 "N, 80°38'20’’E) in Kandy, Sri Lanka. Allometric equations were used to calculate biomass of trees. The total biomass stock was estimated to be 9475.56 t ha-1 (Mega gram-Mg) and the total carbon stock was estimated to be 4,453.55 t ha-1 (Mg) in the Udawattakele Forest Reserve (UFR). This amount is equivalent to 16,344.52 Mg of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. UFR holds a moderate amount of biomass/carbon stock and the total carbon density of natural forest and plantations was found to be 36.55 Mg ha-1 and 44.89 Mg ha-1 respectively.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pattern and Extent of Deforestation in Akure Forest Reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Isaac Adelakun Gbiri ◽  
Nathaniel Olugbade Adeoye
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Forest Depletion ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
The Government

Abstract Forest Reserves in Southwestern Nigeria have been threatened by urbanization and anthropogenic activities and the rate of deforestation is not known. This study examined the vegetation characteristics of Akure Forest Reserve using optical remote sensing data. It also assessed the changing pattern in the forest reserve between 1986 and 2017. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver was used to capture the location of the prominent settlements that surrounded the Forest Reserve in order to evaluate their effects on the forest. Landsat TM 1986, Landsat ETM+ 2002 and Landsat OLI_TIRS 2017 with 30m resolution were classified to assess the spatio-temporal changing pattern of the forest reserve. The results showed different composition of vegetation, which include undisturbed forest, secondary regrowth and farmlands. The study further revealed that in 1986, 2002 and 2017, undisturbed forest constituted 63.3%, 32.4% and 32.1% of the entire land area respectively, while secondary regrowth occupied 8.3% in 1986, 9.5% in 2002 and 15.6% in 2017. The farmlands had erratic growth between 1986 and 2017. It was 16.9% in 1986, 22.1% in 2002 and 17.5% in 2017. The bare ground exhibited inconsistency in the coverage. In 1986 the areal extent was 11.5%, when it increased to 36% in 2002 and decreased to 31.9% in 2017. In conclusion, the study revealed the extent of forest depletion at Akure Forest Reserve and it is therefore important that the residents, the government and the researchers show major concern about some of the critical factors to human beings that are responsible for forest depletion.

scholarly journals Vegetatively Propagated Geraniums Respond Similarly to Drench Applications of Paclobutrazol or Uniconazole

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Whipker ◽  
Shravan K. Dasoju ◽  
Michael R. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Leaf Canopy

Drench applications of paclobutrazol or uniconazole were applied at doses of 0, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, or 0.04 mg a.i./pot (28,350 mg = 1.0 oz) to vegetatively propagated `Aurora', `Medallion Dark Red', and `Pink Satisfaction' geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum L.H. Bailey). Geranium total plant height, leaf canopy height, and plant diameter responded similarly to drench applications of either paclobutrazol or uniconazole. There was a significant quadratic relationship between plant growth regulator (PGR) dose and total plant height and leaf canopy height for `Aurora' and `Medallion Dark Red', with total plant height and leaf canopy height being shorter as paclobutrazol or uniconazole doses increased up to 0.02 mg. However, doses of ≥0.02 mg had little additional effect on total plant height and leaf canopy height. Most of the total height control achieved by the use of PGRs was primarily due to a reduction of leaf canopy height, rather than inflorescence height. Doses of 0.005 to 0.01 mg of either PGR produced marketable sized potted plants of `Medallion Dark Red' and `Pink Satisfaction'. `Aurora', which was the most vigorous cultivar, required doses of 0.01 or 0.02 mg of either paclobutrazol or uniconazole to produce marketable sized potted plants.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Trend Analysis of Air-Borne Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) at Major Hot-Spot Areas: Mohakhali and Farmgate in Dhaka City

2010 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Md Mominur Rahman ◽  
Feroz Kabir ◽  
Bilkis Ara Begum ◽  
Swapan Kumar Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Ambient Concentrations ◽  
Sampling Duration

The objectives of this work were to monitor and quantify the airborne particles (PM10 and PM2.5) and topredict the influence of human and natural activities on their ambient concentrations. Samples of Air-borneParticulate Matter (APM) in the size range 0-2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 0-10 μm (PM10) were collectedsimultaneously using two MiniVol portable air samplers at Mohakhali and Farmgate area in Dhaka city.At Mohakhali effective sampling duration was from May 16 to May 23, 2004 and at Farmgate from June 6to June 13, 2004. Continuous seven day monitoring was carried out to find the effect of meteorology, trafficload and other anthropogenic activities on ambient Particulate Matter (PM) pollution level. Weekday andweekend average traffic number was evaluated by field technicians at both sampling sites. These sites areregarded heavily polluted because of the proximity of major roadways. Daily and weekly averageconcentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 at Mohakhali were found higher than USEPA and Bangladesh 24-hrsaverage guideline values but at Farmgate the concentrations were within the guideline values. Averageproportions of PM2.5 in PM10 were found higher at Farmgate than that at Mohakhali.Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.ChE 24 2006 61-67

A new species of Polypedates Tschudi (Amphibia, Anura, Rhacophoridae) from Sri Lanka

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3498 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. MENDIS WICKRAMASINGHE ◽  
D. A. I. MUNINDRADASA ◽  
PRITHIVIRAJ FERNANDO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
A New Species

A new species of frog tentatively assigned to the genus Polypedates is described from the Gilimale forest reserve of theSabaragamuwa province of Sri Lanka. This tree frog is characterized by unique osteological characteristics in the skullwhich distinguish it from all other congeners, such as the presence of a series of maxillary teeth progressively changingorientation from horizontal to vertical from posterior end to anterior; a laterally-curved spine in the quadratojugal bone;and bony co-ossification on the skull resulting in four dorsal spines which are externally seen as protrusions in the parietalarea. Bioacoustic observations of Polypedates ranwellai sp. nov. revealed three distinct call types. High rates of deforestation and anthropogenic activities at the type locality threaten the survival of the species.

scholarly journals Human Influences on Tree Diversity and Composition of a Coastal Forest Ecosystem: The Case of Ngumburuni Forest Reserve, Rufiji, Tanzania

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kimaro ◽  
L. Lulandala
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Useful Plants ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Ecological Functioning

This paper reports on the findings of an ecological survey conducted in Ngumburuni Forest Reserve, a biodiversity rich forest reserve within the coastal forests of Tanzania. The main goal of this study was to determine the influence of uncontrolled anthropogenic activities on tree species diversity and composition within the forest ecosystem. It was revealed that economic activities including logging, charcoaling, and shifting cultivation were the most important disturbing activities affecting ecological functioning and biodiversity integrity of the forest. Further to this, we noted that the values of species diversity, composition, and regeneration potential within the undisturbed forest areas were significantly different from those in heavily disturbed areas. These observations confirm that the ongoing human activities have already caused size quality degradation of useful plants, enhanced species diversification impacts to the forest ecosystem, and possibly negatively affected the livelihoods of the adjacent local communities. Despite these disturbances, Ngumburuni forest reserve still holds important proportions of both endemic and threatened animal and plant species. The study suggests urgent implementation of several conservation measures in order to limit accessibility to the forest resources so as to safeguard the richness and abundance of useful biodiversity stocks in the reserve.

scholarly journals Stand Structure, Regeneration Status and Distribution Patterns of Six Important Tree Species along Altitudinal Gradients at the Kilum-Ijim Forest Reserve, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Franklin Bantar Nworo ◽  
Njoh Roland Ndah ◽  
Egbe Enow Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Altitudinal Gradients ◽  
Regeneration Status

Tropical montane forests are considered to be one of the most species diverse ecosystems. These areas pose specific edaphic and environmental characteristics which enable these areas to harbour wide varieties of organisms. Some of these organisms are threatened and others are endemic to the area. The quest for food and other resources has resulted to indiscriminate exploitation of these montane forest. This study aimed to investigate the stand structure, distribution patterns and regeneration status of six tree species (Nuxia congesta, Pittosporum mannii, Podocarpu slatifolius, Prunus africana, Schefflera abyssinica and Syzygium guineense) along altitudinal gradients in the Kilum-Ijim Forest Reserve, Cameroon. A total of six study plots of one hectare (100 x100 m) each were laid across a 120 m elevation gradient. Two plots were established at each altitudinal gradient with elevations 2377 m, 2437 m and 2497 m. Measurements were taken for tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH 1.3 m) for the tree and poles. The digital Vernier callipers were used to measure collar diameters of seedlings and saplings. The highest tree density of 385 stems/ha was recorded for N. congesta at altitude 2497 m while the least was 20 stems/ha for S. abyssinica at altitude 2377m. The highest seedling density was 1563 stems/ha recorded for P. mannii at altitude 2377m and the least was noted for S. abyssinica at all the three altitudinal gradients.  Nuxia congesta had the highest basal area of 8809.23m2/ha at altitude 2437 m and the least of 74.82m2/ha for P. latifolius at altitude 2437 m.  The highest IVI occurred in N. congesta (131.91) was recorded at altitude 2377 m and the least (24.91) occurred in P. latifolius at altitude 2437 m. The spatial distributions of studied tree species were generally clumped and irregular. The regenerations of species were generally poor, though fair regenerations were noticed for N. congesta and P. mannii. The results showed that the six tree species were highly disturbed by anthropogenic activities. It is therefore imperative to develop and implement effective conservation measures to sustain the biodiversity of this reserve.

scholarly journals Non-timber forest products and climate change adaptation among forest-dependent communities in Bamboko forest reserve, the southwest region of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tieminie Robinson Nghogekeh ◽  
Chia Eugene Loh ◽  
Tieguhong Julius Chupezi ◽  
Nghobuoche Frankline Mayiadieh ◽  
Piabuo Serge Mandiefe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Abstract Background: Forests are naturally endowed to combat climate change by protecting people and livelihoods as well as creating a base for sustainable economic and social development. But this natural mechanism is often hampered by anthropogenic activities. It is therefore imperative to take measures that are environmentally sustainable not only for mitigation but also for its adaptation. This study was carried out to assess the role of Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) as a strategy to cope with the impacts of climate change among forest-dependent communities around the Bamkoko Forest Reserve in the South West Region of Cameroon.Methods: Datasets were collected through household questionnaires (20% of the population in each village that constitute the study site was a sample), participatory rural appraisal techniques, transect walks in the 4 corners of the Bamboko Forest Reserve with a square sample of 25 m2 x 25 m2 to identified and record NTFPs in the reserve, and direct field observations. ). SPSS package for social scientists was used. The results were used for the construction of tables.Results: A total of 18 plant species were identified as being harvested as Non-Timber Forest Products by the residents around the Bamkoko Forest Reserve. The majority of the respondents (88%) perceived that there has been a change in climate patterns due to increased temperatures and unpredictable rainfalls. Eru was the most affected NTFPs with an std deviation of 1.66799 and crops was the most livelihood by climate change around Bamboko Forest Reserve with an std deviation of 1.20459 and local population used more than one strategy to cope with these adverse effectsConclusions: The study concluded that with the increasing climate change effects on crop production and other livelihoods, non-timber forest products still play a safety net role to assist communities. The need to ensure sustainable harvesting, improved processing, and access to non-timber forest products markets cannot be over-emphasized.

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