Rising Educational Levels Contribute to Compression of Morbidity. A Multi-State Life Table Analysis of the Netherlands 1995-2015

Objective: This paper assesses whether the future rise in educational levels of theelderly may not only increase life expectancy (LE) but also at the same timecontribute to a reduction in life expectancy with disability (LED).Methods: For each educational level, LE and LED were estimated from multi-statelife tables with a disabled and non-disabled state. Basic transition rates wereestimated from regression analysis of data of a Dutch longitudinal study. The resultsper educational level were aggregated to the total population for the years 1995,2005 and 2015.Results: In 1995, men in the highest educational level had a 0.9 years longerLE and a 5.4 years shorter LED than men in the lowest level. Differences amongwomen were larger (2.0 and 8.3 years). Due to rising educational levels between1995 and 2015, LE for the total male population would increase by 0.2 years whileLED would decrease by 0.5 years. A larger effect was observed for women(0.2 and 1.5 years).Conclusion: Rising educational levels of the elderly are likely to contribute to acompression of morbidity over the next decades, especially among women.

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Impact of Educational Level on Versions (Basic and Complete) of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders ◽

10.1159/000518747 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Lila Adana Díaz ◽

Andrea Arango ◽

César Parra ◽

Alberto Rodríguez-Lorenzana ◽

Tarquino Yacelga-Ponce

Keyword(s):

Educational Level ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

The Elderly ◽

Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽

Screening Instruments ◽

Psychometric Characteristics ◽

Educational Levels ◽

Dementia Screening ◽

Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽

Basic Version

Background: One of the most marked problems in the use of screening instruments for the diagnosis of dementia or cognitive impairment in the elderly is the influence of educational level on the results of psychometric tests. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaire is one of the most widely used dementia screening instruments internationally and with greater proven validity. There is a version of this instrument called MoCA “Basic” which was developed to reduce education bias. The aim of the study was to compare the psychometric characteristics of the MoCA, full versus basic, versions in older adults. Method: Participants (N = 214) completed both versions of the MoCA, and screening measures to corroborate their health status. Results: Internal consistency was satisfactory in both versions: MoCA full (0.79) and MoCA basic (0.76). The overall correlation between both tests was high (0.73). There was no relationship between the dimensions included in each version. Educational level and age explained 33.8% of the total variance in MoCA Full and 31.8% in MoCA Basic. Among educational levels, there are statistically significant differences in participants with <6 years of education. Conclusions: The results confirm that both versions are reliable instruments and also show that in both versions the educational level of <6 years of education continues to have an impact on performance. Therefore, it can be considered that the MoCA Basic version for the Ecuadorian population with <6 years of education continues to imply literacy competencies.

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Planning for Development of Favorable District for the Elderlies; Case Study: Kerman Arg District

Journal of Sustainable Development ◽

10.5539/jsd.v10n2p170 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 170

Author(s):

Hashem Vazirizadeh ◽

Ismaeil Shieh

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Urban Development ◽

Planning Process ◽

The Elderly ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Age Group ◽

Increase Life Expectancy ◽

The Public ◽

Aging Period

By increase of age group of people older than 60 years and problems of aging period, it seems necessary to provide favorable environmental conditions in order to increase life expectancy of this group. One of the public spaces which had been much underlined in traditional urban development and has double importance for the elderly and receives less attention today is the district. This paper, aiming at planning urban districts tailored to the needs of the elderly, provides required criteria in district planning through descriptive-analytical method. Finally, by offering components of: familiarity, readability, dignity, accessibility, convenience, security and beautification in the district planning process of Kerman Arg district, these components are applied.

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Effect of the elimination of chronic diseases on disability-free life expectancy among elderly individuals in Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2010

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-81232014198.06952013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 3327-3334 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alessandro Gonçalves Campolina ◽

Fernando Adami ◽

Jair Licio Ferreira Santos ◽

Maria Lucia Lebrão

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

The Elderly ◽

Population Based ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Compression Of Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Disability Free Life Expectancy

The scope of this study was to establish whether the elimination of certain chronic diseases is capable of leading to the compression of morbidity among elderly individuals in Sao Paulo (Brazil), 2010. A population-based, cross-sectional study was carried out with official data for the city of Sao Paulo (Brazil) in 2010 and data from the SABE (Health, Wellbeing and Ageing) study. A total of 907 elderly individuals were evaluated, 640 of whom were women (64.6%). Sullivan's method was used for the calculation of disability-free life expectancy (DFLE). Life tables for cause elimination were used to calculate the probabilities of death with the elimination of health conditions. In absolute terms, the gains in LE and DFLE were greater in the younger age group (60 to 74 years) in both genders. In relative terms (%DFLE in LE), the gains were higher among women aged 75 years or older and among men aged 60 years. If eliminated, heart disease was the condition that would most lead to the compression of morbidity in both genders. The elimination of chronic diseases from the elderly population could lead to a compression of morbidity in men and women at both 60 years of age and 75 years of age or older.

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Effect of eliminating chronic diseases among elderly individuals

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-8910.2013047004570 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 514-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alessandro Gonçalves Campolina ◽

Fernando Adami ◽

Jair Licio Ferreira Santos ◽

Maria Lucia Lebrão

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Female Gender ◽

The Elderly ◽

Population Based ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Compression Of Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relative Compression ◽

Disability Free Life Expectancy

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the elimination of certain chronic diseases is capable of leading to the compression of morbidity among elderly individuals.METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional study was carried out with official data for the city of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil in 2000 and data from the SABE (Health, Wellbeing and Ageing) study. Sullivan's method was used to calculate disability-free life expectancy. Cause-deleted life tables were used to calculate the probabilities of death and disabilities with the elimination of health conditions.RESULTS: The largest gains in disability-free life expectancy, with the elimination of chronic illness, occurred in the female gender. Among individuals of a more advanced age, gains in disability-free life expectancy occurred as result of a relative compression of morbidity. Among men aged 75 years, all conditions studied, except heart disease and systemic arterial pressure, led to an absolute expansion of morbidity and, at the same time, to a relative compression of morbidity upon being eliminated.CONCLUSIONS: The elimination of chronic diseases in the elderly could lead to the compression of morbidity in elderly men and women.

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MENOPAUSE (RAJO NIVRUTTI) AND OBESITY (STHOULYA) - A CRITICAL REVIEW

November 2020 - International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ◽

10.46607/iamj2408112020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 08 (11) ◽

pp. 5115-5120

Author(s):

Usha K S ◽

Gurdip Singh

Keyword(s):

Elderly Population ◽

Total Population ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

The Elderly ◽

The Body ◽

Aetiological Factor ◽

Disease Entity ◽

Male Population ◽

Geriatric Population ◽

Female Population

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the recent years. Modern lifestyle and dietary habits often take the blame for its rise. Obesity acts as a risk factor for many non-communicable diseases like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, hypertension. Obesity is also outcome of many changes in the body. One of the causes of obesity in female population is menopause. Since menopause brings along with it a plethora of ailments, obesity is treated as any other lifestyle disorder. There is a need to study Sthoulya (obesity) through the aetiological factor mentioned by Charaka as Javoparodha or explained by Chakrapani as Jaroparodha- early onset of old age. There is an urgent need to treat obesity from the per-spective of menopause. Menopause can occur at any age from 45-55 years. But the aftereffects of meno-pause may persist well into the age of 65-70 years. In the next decade there will be a rise in the geriatric population by 56% in the world. In India geriatric population will be 12.5% of the total population. Ac-cording to the national census of 2011in India, there are 53 million females in the elderly population com-pared to the male population of 51 million. The female geriatric population may have a completely differ-ent set of ailments compared to that of male geriatric population. Hence Sthoulya due to menopause should be considered a separate disease entity and the management should be that of hormonal rehabilitation than just replacement.

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Physical Inactivity and Life Expectancy in Canada

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.3.4.381 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 381-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Total Population ◽

Health Impact ◽

Physically Active ◽

Cancer Breast ◽

Population Attributable Fractions ◽

Attributable Fractions ◽

Table Analysis ◽

Artery Disease

Background:Although the prevalence of physical inactivity is high in Canada, few studies have assessed its public health impact.Methods:A cause-deleted methodology was employed to estimate the effects of physical inactivity on life expectancy. Life expectancy in 2002 was estimated from an abridged life table analysis, which was repeated after removing deaths from physical inactivity. Deaths from physical inactivity were estimated from published population-attributable fractions for coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, colon cancer, breast cancer, and type 2 diabetes.Results:Life expectancy was 79.7 y in the total population, 77.2 y in males, and 82.1 y in females. Compared to overall life expectancy, physical inactivity cause-deleted values were 0.86 y lower in the total population, 0.65 y lower in males, and 1.0 y lower in females.Conclusions:Life expectancy could be increased by over 10 months if Canadians could be encouraged to be physically active.

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Intergenerational Education for the Psychological, Social and Educational Improvement of the Elderly

10.35262/jiag.v15i1.22-26 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

Nazaret Martínez-Heredia

Keyword(s):

Educational Level ◽

Mixed Type ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Social Role ◽

Intergenerational Relationships ◽

Daily Practice ◽

The Elderly ◽

Educational Improvement ◽

Intergenerational Education

Introduction: Intergenerational education encourages cooperation and interaction between two or more generations through experiences, knowledge, skills, attitudes and values. Objective: The main objective of our research was to know the benefits at the psychological, social and educational level of intergenerational education. Methods: This is mixed-type research establishing relationships between young and old. The sample consists of a total of 94 people, 47 young people (aged between 21 and 40 years old) and 47 older (aged between 65 and 85 years). We promote the development of a mixed methodology to know if after the implementation of an intergenerational program we have obtained benefits in the elderly participants. Results: Considering the results we can say that the benefits at the psychological, social and educational level have been very remarkable of our elders. Conclusions: We must bet on intergenerational relationships as an ideal within our daily practice achieving a healthy aging, benefiting continuity in an active social role of our elders.

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Application of BMP-2 for bone graft in Dentistry

RSBO ◽

10.21726/rsbo.v12i1.176 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 88

Author(s):

Lídia Audrey Rocha Valadas Marques ◽

Edvan Alves da Costa Júnior ◽

Mara Assef Leitão Lotif ◽

Edilson Martins Rodrigues Neto ◽

Francisco Filipe Carvalho da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Bone Graft ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Increase Life Expectancy ◽

Bone Replacement ◽

Morphogenetic Protein ◽

The Face ◽

Global Increase

Introduction: The global increase life expectancy and the resulting tooth loss has required searching for new rehabilitation alternatives in Dentistry. Biomaterials can be defined as any material that acts replacing a lost bone defect and its function. In Dentistry, many studies have aimed to improve bone regeneration through the use of BMPs for bone replacement. Objective: To review the literature on the use and clinical viability of human morphogenetic protein for the jaws reconstruction. Material and methods: The following databases were searched: Pubmed, Bireme, Lilacs, and Scielo and 30 articles published between 1965 and 2013 were found using the following descriptors: “dental implants”, “maxillary sinus”, and “biocompatible materials”. Results: Several studies demonstrate the biological advantages of rhBMP-2 on bone regeneration of the jaws. In recent years, morphogenetic protein has presented a large clinical use. Conclusion: Despite being a high-cost biomaterial, rhBMP-2 is a viable and very effective alternative for reconstruction of defects of the face.

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The prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84957-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pui-Ying Leong ◽

Jing-Yang Huang ◽

Jeng-Yuan Chiou ◽

Yi-Chiao Bai ◽

James Cheng-Chung Wei

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Rural Area ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

The Elderly ◽

Income Group ◽

Population Based ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Male Population

AbstractTo estimate the prevalence and incidence rate of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Taiwan by using a population-based longitudinal database from 2001 to 2011. We conducted a longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) containing 1,000,000 beneficiaries’ records for calculation of prevalence and incidence rate of SLE from 2001–2011. The overall prevalence of SLE in Taiwan in 2011 is 8.11 per 10,000 people with 14.3 per 10,000 people in female and 1.62 per 10,000 people in male. The overall incidence rate of SLE is 0.74–1 per 10,000 person-years with 1.09–1.76 per 10,000 person-years in female and 0.12–0.25 per 10,000 person-years in male. The highest prevalence rate was observed at 40–49 age group in females. There were no significant differences in the overall prevalence among the urban, suburban and rural area in Taiwan while the relative risk is higher in male population living in rural area (RR 1.36, 95% C.I. 1.03–1.79, p = 0.0303). The highest income group has a lower relative risk for the prevalence of SLE (RR 0.83, 95% C.I. 0.71–0.97, p = 0.0197). The incidence rate of SLE in male in the rural area is also higher than the urban area (RR 2.34, 95% C.I. 1.3–4.22, p = 0.0046). Our study covers the longest period among the nation-wide population studies of SLE in Taiwan. The prevalence was increasing especially in the elderly.

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Impacts of Dual-Income Household Rate on Suicide Mortalities in Japan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115670 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5670

Author(s):

Misaki Nakamoto ◽

Takatoshi Nakagawa ◽

Masahiko Murata ◽

Motohiro Okada

Keyword(s):

Family Health ◽

The Elderly ◽

Health Economy ◽

Suicide Mortality ◽

Male Population ◽

Female Population ◽

Income Household ◽

Working Age ◽

Dual Income ◽

Work Family

To explore impact of enhancing social advancement of females in Japan, this study determined the effects of the dual-income household rate on suicide mortalities disaggregated by attributes of gender, age, and motives between 2009 and 2017 in Japan. This study analysed impact of dual-income household rate, other household-related factors (savings, liabilities and yearly incomes per household, minors and elderly rate per household), and social/employment factors (complete unemployment rate, employment rate, temporary male and female employment rates and certification rate of long-term care insurance) on suicide mortalities disaggregated by attributes of gender, age, and motives using hierarchical linear-regression model. Dual-income household rate was significantly/negatively related to suicide mortality of the working-age female population, but significantly/positively related to that of the elderly female population. Suicide mortalities of the working-age male population and the elderly male population were significantly/positively related to dual-income household rate. Male suicide mortalities caused by family-, health-, economy- and employment-related motives were significantly/positively related to dual-income household rate; however, the dual-income household rate was significantly/positively related to female suicide mortalities caused by family-, health-, economy- and school-related motives, but significantly/negatively related to suicide mortalities caused by romance-related motives. Dual-income households suppress social-isolation and develop economical/psychological independence of females, leading to reduced suicide mortality in working-age females. However, elderly and school-age populations, who are supported by the working-age female, suffer from isolation. Working-age males also suffer from inability to adapt from the traditional concept of work–life and work–family balances to the novel work–family balance concept adapted to dual-income households. These results suggest occurrence of new social/family problems in the 21st century due to vulnerability of traditional Japanese culture and life–working–family balance concepts as well as novel sociofamilial disturbances induced by declining birth rate and ageing population in Japan.

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