scholarly journals The Bioprocessing Quick Wins from Avocado Fruit in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-587
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Baidhe ◽  
Nicholas Kiggundu ◽  
Noble Banadda
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Avocado Seed

Bioprocessing can help redeem the economic value for avocado (Persea americana) in Uganda. This study reviews the virgin potential of avocado bioprocessing in Uganda. Avocado consists of flesh, seed, and peel. The review indicates that the waste seed and peel are vital for development of high-value products. Both the edible part and waste (peel and seed) can be used for biogas production through a solid-state fermentation process. Biodiesel can be developed using avocado seed oil through a process called transesterification. Avocado oil is a better alternative for biodiesel production compared to waste cooking oil as it requires no further conversions processes for transforming fatty acids to esters. The starch-rich avocado seed is a suitable substrate for bioethanol, pigment and starch production. The high starch content places the avocado fruit as a potential (i) raw material for the production of bioplastics (ii) substrate for bacterial culture media production as opposed to potatoes, cereals, and cassava that double as a staple food. Avocado seeds can also be used for the production of antioxidants relevant for preventing enzymatic browning, thereby increasing product shelf life. Despite the quick wins, there is a need for increased research, financing, personnel training and development of appropriate policies to spur the benefits and untapped potential of avocado bioprocessing in Uganda. The circular economy of avocado waste alone into high-value products could increase gains in the environment and stimulate industrial development especially the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries in Uganda.

scholarly journals Characteristics of avocado (Persea americana) and kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) seeds starch with different extraction methods

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012095
Author(s):  
E Indarti ◽  
Nurlaila ◽  
M Muzaifa ◽  
S Noviasari ◽  
Z F Rozali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sodium Metabisulfite ◽  
Starch Properties ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Starch Yield ◽  
Avocado Seed

Abstract Seed from avocado (Persea Americana) and kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) fruit are waste and by product from processing fruit. Due to the high starch content from both seeds, there are many extractions process have been applied. The immersed raw material in sodium metabisulfite solution affected to starch properties. The purpose of this study is to characterize of starch extracted with and without immersed in sodium metabisulfite solution. The results showed that the starch yield by immersed in alkaline solution was 21.6% for avocado seed starch and 24.4% for kluwih seed starch, while yield without immersed in sodium metabisulfite solution was 17.5% and 18,2% for avocado seed starch and kluwih seed starch, respectively. The starch content with sodium metabisulfite immersion process of avocado seed and kuwih seed were 79.26% and 72.62%, respectively. Meanwhile without the immersion process resulted starch of 75.13 and 67.30%, in avocado seed starch and kluwih seed starch, respectively. Furthermore, XRD and FTIR analysis were also carried out on starch to see the crystallinity character and functional groups contained in the extracted starch.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Subtitusi Tepung Terigu Dengan Tepung Biji Alpukat (Persea Americana Mill) Terhadap Tingkat Kesukaan Cookies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Lady Violita ◽  
Rasita Purba ◽  
Marini Damanik ◽  
Juliarti ◽  
Esi Emilia
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avocado Seed

Cookies are one of the food products that are popular with the public. The raw material for making cookies is wheat flour, which is still imported from abroad and year by year the number of imports from abroad continues to increase. Utilization of avocado seed flour will reduce the use of wheat flour and can also reduce waste from avocados. The main factor in fulfilling the quality of a product can be assessed based on the appearance of the product, the taste of the product, and the nutritional value of a product. This study aims to analysed the level of preference (taste, aroma, texture, and colour) of cookies through organoleptic tests. The design of this study used an experimental study using the RAL (Completely Randomized Design) method with two replications. Avocado seed flour substitution formulation in 4 treatments, namely control (P1), 30% (P2), 50% (P3) and 70% (P4). The research location is at the State University of Medan. The subjects (untrained panellists) of this study were 25 people. The data from the organoleptic test were analysed descriptively using the percentage of respondents' acceptance from each treatment level and to determine the effect of avocado seed flour substitution on the treatment, Kruskal Wallis statistical analysis was used. The results of this study indicate that the best formula for cookies with 50 percent substitution of avocado seed flour obtained an average value of 1.2 for taste, 0.3 for colour, 0.6 for texture, and for aroma 0.3 with a total value of 2, 4. Based on the results of the Kruskal Wallis test, it is known that there is a significant difference in perception seen from the level of preference for colour, aroma, taste, and texture of avocado seed flour cookies (p = 0.000).

scholarly journals Influence of temperature and nutrient content on lipid production in freshwater microalgae cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1239-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIANA E. BOHNENBERGER ◽  
LUCIANE O. CROSSETTI
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Nitrate Medium ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
High Concentrations

The production of biomass by microalgae is considered a clean alternative compared to other plant crops that require large areas for cultivation and that generate environmental impacts. This study evaluated the influence of temperature and nutrients on lipid contents of cultured species of freshwater microalgae, with a view toward using these lipids for biodiesel production. Two strains of Monoraphidium contortum, a culture containing Chlorella vulgaris and Desmodesmus quadricauda and another strain of Microcystis aeruginosa were maintained in the laboratory for six days, in five culture media: modified ASM-1 (control, with high concentrations of phosphate and nitrate; phosphorus-deficient; non-limiting phosphate; nitrogen-deficient; and non-limiting nitrate). The cultures were then exposed to temperatures of 13°C, 25°C (control) and 37°C for eight days (n=3). Lipids were extracted by the cold-solvent (methanol and chloroform) method. On average, the highest total lipid yields were observed when the strains were maintained at 13°C and in the non-limiting nitrate medium. The lipid percentage varied depending on the concentration of algal biomass. This study showed that manipulation of controlling factors can increase the lipid concentration, optimizing the total production in order to use this raw material for biodiesel.

scholarly journals Review Article: The Effectiveness of Avocado Seed Starch (Persea Americana Mill) As An Excipients in Tablets Formulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-171
Author(s):  
Wardiyah Wardiyah
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Tablet Formulations ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Avocado Seed

Avocado consists of pericarp (husk), mesocarp (flesh), and endocarp (seed). In avocado seeds there is a fairly high starch content, which is around 80.1% with amylose content of 43.3% and amylopectin of 36.8%. Starch is defined as a natural polymer consisting of a structure composed of amylopectin and another structure called amylose. Amylose content has properties that are easy to absorb water and amylose content can have excellent swelling power in the tablet crushing process. This allows avocado seeds as an alternative source of starch which can be an excipient in tablets. The research explored the effectiveness of avocado seed starch (Persea americana Mill) as an excipient in tablet formulations based on research that has been done. The method of the research is using secondary data obtained from literature studies, which were analyzed by bibliographic annotation by searching and analyzing data related to the effectiveness of avocado seed starch as an excipient. The data collection technique in this research is in the form of a review of published scientific journals, national and international journals. Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of avocado seed starch showed that avocado seed was able to become an excipient. Several studies also showed that avocado seed starch used as a disintegrant and binder in tablet formulations had an optimum concentration of 10%. In addition, avocado seed starch can also be used as an active substance in tablets.

scholarly journals THE SYNTHESIS OF GLYCEROL CARBONATE FROM BIODIESEL BYPRODUCT GLYCEROL AND UREA OVER AMBERLYST 36

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Astri Senania ◽  
Hary Sulistyo ◽  
Agus Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Derivative Products ◽  
Glycerol Derivative

The increasing use of biodiesel as renewable fuels leads to the increasing of glycerol amount as a byproduct of biodiesel production. One of the glycerol derivative products that is environmentally friendly and renewable is glycerol carbonate. Glycerol carbonate is commonly used as a raw material for polymers, surfactants, emulsifiers, lubricants, paints, also used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, the research was carried out by using a batch reactor with a three-neck flask equipped with reverse cooling, thermometers, mercury stirrer, and heating mantle with the conditions of the reaction temperature around 373 413 K, mole ratio of reactants of urea: glycerol were 1:0,5, 1:1, 1:1,5, 1:2 and 1:4 and the concentration of catalyst were 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% respectively. Reaction was done for four hours. The results showed that the formation of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea using a catalyst Amberlyst 36 is affected by the catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and the ratio of reactants used. The highest glycerol conversion was obtained at 55.07% at a temperature of 393 K with mole ratio of urea and glycerol 1:0,5 and the percentage of catalyst 3% of the amount of glycerol.

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN 2-ETILHEKSIL-4-METOKSISINAMAT DARI EKSTRAK BIJI ALPUKAT (Persea americana Mill.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fauzy Rachman ◽  
Eris Septiana ◽  
Rika Damayanti ◽  
NFN Yadi ◽  
Yatri Hapsari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Nmr Spectrometry ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Radical Method ◽  
Avocado Seed

<em><span lang="EN-US">Avocado (</span></em><span lang="EN-US">Persea americana</span><em><span lang="EN-US"> Mill.) is a plant widely found in tropical regions such as Indonesia. Currently, people only consume the avocado flesh and dispose of the seed. This study aimed to examine the antioxidant activity, isolate and identify the active antioxidant structure from avocado seed extracts. The trial was conducted from January to June 2021 at the Chemical Laboratory of Natural Substance, Research Center for Biotechnology, LIPI.  The avocado fruit used in this research was obtained from Cibitung Central Market, Bekasi. The solvents used in the extraction were n-hexane, ethyl acetate, 96% ethanol, and water with multilevel extraction. Antioxidant activity was tested using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical method. The structure of the active compound was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and GCMS. The 96% ethanol extract had the highest antioxidant activity with EtOH.4.3.1 isolate as the most active antioxidant isolate with IC50 23,07±1,63 μg.ml-1. The identification results of isolate EtOH.4.3.1 of avocado seed extract with UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, and GCMS indicated 2-Ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate acting as an antioxidant. Further analysis with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometry of protons and carbon is required to determine the number and position of protons and carbon in the chemical structure.</span></em>

Determination of oil and biodiesel content, physicochemical properties of the oil extracted from avocado seed (Persea Americana) grown in Wonago and Dilla (Gedeo zone), Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Avocado Seed

The avocado seeds were collected from Dilla and Wonago in Gedeo zone, southern part of Ethiopia for oil extraction and biodiesel production. The collected seeds were oven dried and crushed in to powder by mortar and pestle. A soxhlet extraction was used for extraction of the oil. The solvent used for oil extraction was n-hexane. The extracted oil was separated from the solvents by vacuum rata evaporator. The oil content, biodiesel content and the physico-chemical parameters of the oil as well as the biodiesel were determined. The oil content and biodiesel content was 27.6% and 95.2% for avocado seed grown in Wonago and 27.2% and 94.86% for avocado seed grown in Dilla. The physico-chemical parameters of the oil and biodiesel were determined and the result shows that the acid value of (4, 4.3, 0.89,0.92), saponification value (223, 219 ), kinematic viscosity (36,7,5.02,37.44,5.15), density (933,882,936,884g/ml), higher heating (38,40.5,37,40), ester content (95.2,94.86), respectively. Based on the GC-MS analysis of the biodiesel, four FAME compounds were identified. These are methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, methyl oleate and methyl stearate. From the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel determined avocado seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative energy resource in diesel engine.

scholarly journals Valorisation of the Residues of Coffee Agro-industry: Perspectives and Limitations

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Echeverria ◽  
M. Nuti
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Reed Bed

Over ten million tonnes of solid residues are generated yearly from coffee agro-industry worldwide, along with larger amounts of wastewaters and cultivation residues. Both wastewaters and solid residues, such as defective coffee beans and spent coffee grounds, along with coffee husks (pulp and mucilage) that constitute around 60% of the wet weight of the fresh fruit, represent a relevant source of pollution and environmental threat, particularly from the widely adopted wet processing of coffee berries. Several attempts have been done to re-use the coffee processing solid residues, which include direct use as fuel in farms, animal feed, fermentation studies, adsorption studies, biodiesel production, briquetting, pelletizing, tannin extraction and production of specialty commodities. For the re-use of wastewaters, biogas production and direct delivery on plantations have been proposed or adopted, along with the treatment through infiltration, irrigation or (anaerobic) lagooning, reed bed and aerobic lagooning. In this study, the possible alternatives for the re-use and valorisation of the coffee processing and plantation are critically reviewed, taking into account the experiences with other agro-industrial residues and wastewaters, in the frame of a sustainable agro-industrial development.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Minyak Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Biodiesel dengan Pemurnian Water Washing

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Risse Entikaria Rachmanita ◽  
Ayu Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Avocado Seed

Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang berasal dari bahan bakar nabati dan hewani yang tergolong dapat diperbarui. Bahan nabati yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku contohnya seperti biji alpukat. Biji alpukat yang melalui proses pengepresan menghasilkan minyak dan getah (gum). Proses degumming dilakukan untuk memisahkan minyak dan getah dengan menggunakan asam phospat 0,5%v/v. Kandungan FFA dapat digunakan pada proses transesterifikasi untuk menghasilkan metil ester dengan perbandingan minyak dan metanol serta lama waktu transesterifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan minyak dan metanol serta pengaruh waktu terhadap rendemen biodiesel dan menentukan karakteristik biodiesel yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan standar SNI 04-7182-2015. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan menggunakan metode Rancang Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktorial yaitu perbandingan minyak dan metanol (1:4, 1:6, 1:8) dan lama waktu transesterifikasi yaitu (30 menit, 60 menit, 90 menit). Parameter karakteristik biodiesel yang dianalisis meliputi densitas, viskositas, bilangan asam, angka setana, nilai kalor, angka iodin dan kadar metil ester yang sesuai dengan SNI 04-7182-2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tertinggi terdapat pada sampel A3T1 (perbandingan 1:8 dengan lama waktu transesterifikasi 30 menit). Hasil pengujian mutu A3T1 yaitu densitas 968 kg/m3, viskositas 4,6037 mm2/s, bilangan asam 0,4 mgKOH/gr, angka setana 44,77, nilai kalor 48,81 MJ/kg, angka iodine 8,10 gram/100gram dan kadar metal ester 94,05%.Kata kunci: Biji alpukat; biodiesel; pemurnian Utilizing Avocado Seed Extraction  (Persea americana Mill) as Bioidesel Raw Material by Purifying Water WashingABSTRACTBiodiesel is an alternative fuel derived from vegetable and animal fuels that is classified as renewable resource. Vegetable materials that can be used as raw materials for example are avocado seeds. Through the pressing process, avocado seeds will produce oil and gum. The degumming process is carried out to separate the oil and the gum using 0.5% v/v phosphoric acid. FFA content can be used in the transesterification process to produce methyl esters with a ratio of oil and methanol and the length of transesterification time. This research aims to determine the effect of the ratio of oil and methanol as well as the effect of time on the yield of biodiesel and to determine the characteristics of biodiesel in accordance with SNI 04-7182-2015 biodiesel standards.The research was designed using Complete Randomized Design (CRD) method with 2 factorial comparisons of oil and methanol (1:4, 1:6, 1:8) and the length of transesterification time (30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes). The analyzed parameters of biodiesel characteristics include density, viscosity, acid number, cetane number, calorific value, iodine number and metal ester content in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard number 04-7182-2015. The results showed that the highest yield was in the A3T1 sample (1:8 ratio with 30 minutes transesterification time). A3T1 quality test results showed the density of 968 kg/m3, 4.6037 mm2/s viscosity, 0.4 mgKOH/gr acid number, 44.77 cetane number, 48.81 MJ/kg calorific value, 8.10 gram/100gram iodine number and 94.05% of ester metal content.Keywords: Avocado seed; biodiesel; purification

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document