Determination of oil and biodiesel content, physicochemical properties of the oil extracted from avocado seed (Persea Americana) grown in Wonago and Dilla (Gedeo zone), Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Avocado Seed

The avocado seeds were collected from Dilla and Wonago in Gedeo zone, southern part of Ethiopia for oil extraction and biodiesel production. The collected seeds were oven dried and crushed in to powder by mortar and pestle. A soxhlet extraction was used for extraction of the oil. The solvent used for oil extraction was n-hexane. The extracted oil was separated from the solvents by vacuum rata evaporator. The oil content, biodiesel content and the physico-chemical parameters of the oil as well as the biodiesel were determined. The oil content and biodiesel content was 27.6% and 95.2% for avocado seed grown in Wonago and 27.2% and 94.86% for avocado seed grown in Dilla. The physico-chemical parameters of the oil and biodiesel were determined and the result shows that the acid value of (4, 4.3, 0.89,0.92), saponification value (223, 219 ), kinematic viscosity (36,7,5.02,37.44,5.15), density (933,882,936,884g/ml), higher heating (38,40.5,37,40), ester content (95.2,94.86), respectively. Based on the GC-MS analysis of the biodiesel, four FAME compounds were identified. These are methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, methyl oleate and methyl stearate. From the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel determined avocado seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative energy resource in diesel engine.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF STARCH FROM AVOCADO SEED (PERSEA AMERICANA MILL)

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Martins Dos Santos ◽  
Diego Palmiro Ramirez Ascheri ◽  
Andrea De Lacerda Bukzem ◽  
Cleiber Cintra Morais ◽  
Carlos Wanderlei Piler Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Avocado Seed

scholarly journals Process Optimization for Biodiesel Production from Corn Oil and Its Oxidative Stability

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. El Boulifi ◽  
A. Bouaid ◽  
M. Martinez ◽  
J. Aracil
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Ester Yield ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Central Composite

Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize biodiesel production process from corn oil. The process variables, temperature and catalyst concentration were found to have significant influence on biodiesel yield. The optimum combination derived via RSM for high corn oil methyl ester yield (99.48%) was found to be 1.18% wt catalyst concentration at a reaction temperature of55.6∘C. To determine how long biodiesel can safely be stored, it is desirable to have a measurement for the stability of the biodiesel against such oxidation. Storage time and oxygen availability have been considered as possible factors influencing oxidative instability. Biodiesel from corn oil was stored for a period of 30 months, and the physico-chemical parameters of samples were measured at regular interval of time. Results show that the acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), and viscosity (ν) increased while the iodine value (IV) decreased. These parameters changed very significantly when the sample was stored under normal oxygen atmosphere. However, theν, AV, and IV of the biodiesel sample which was stored under argon atmosphere were within the limit by the European specifications (EN 14214).

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOENERGY RESOURCES OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE ON THE BASIS OF SUSTAINABILITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Svitlana Strapchuk
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Bioenergy Crops

The article deals the analysis of production and consumption of bioenergy resources in agriculture. It is established that the assessment of resource potential is carried out with regard to the following energy trilemma: decarbonization, energy security and affordability, which significantly increases the interest in alternative fuels derived from renewable sources. In order to achieve sustainable development in the context of providing businesses with affordable and clean energy, national indicators relevant to the agricultural sector have been developed. Biomass production utilizes both land and human resourse to a greater extent than any other renewable energy technology, and can create sustainable supply chains. It has been proven that the use of biomass improves the supply and access to energy at the local and national levels, but also reduces waste disposal, provides an alternative use of biomass or fossil resources. It is noted that the main products of biomass processing are solid and liquid biofuels, biogas. Ukraine's energy strategy 2035 suggests an increase in the use of biomass in energy generation up to 11,5 %, and the main stimulus for growth is the use of green tariff. Biomass production requires the largest amount of land resources compared to other alternative sources. It limits the use of sown areas for food crops in favor of bioenergy crops. In particular, the raw materials for the production of bioethanol in Ukraine are sugar, starch crops and cellulose materials, which are converted into the final product by alcohol and sugar factories. Biodiesel production is not widespread enough, and more than 95 % of the gross harvest of rapeseed and soybeans used for its production in 2019 was exported. In the structure of solid biofuels, agricultural waste, in particular straw, stalks and husks, has the greatest potential for the use. Thus, biomass is an alternative energy resource that creates significant prospects for sustainable agriculture, but wholesale energy tariffs need to be revised to take into account external factors that consider insurance risks and increased environmental taxation, which is low in Ukraine.

scholarly journals ESTADO DE DETERIORAÇÃO DOS MÉIS DE ABELHA (APIS MELLIFERA) COMERCIALIZADOS EM SÃO LUÍS DO MARANHÃO

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Marly Azevedo Saraiva ◽  
Gilberth Silva Nunes ◽  
Ivone Garros Rosa ◽  
José Malheiros Silva ◽  
Carlene Reis Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Intense Light ◽  
Complex Carbohydrates

O mel é um alimento muito apreciado e de excelente valor nutritivo, constituído por uma mistura complexa de carboidratos, enzimas, aminoácidos, ácidos, minerais, substâncias aromáticas, vitaminas, pigmentos, cera e grãos de pólen. O produto pode apresentar alterações devido a formas inadequadas de armazenamento e conservação. Tais procedimentos ocasionam sua deterioração, comprometendo seriamente o alimento. Quando os méis de abelha são submetidos a condições de temperatura e luminosidade intensa podem sofrer algumas modificações nas suas propriedades físico-químicas. A proposta deste trabalho é verificar a presença e o grau de deterioração dos méis de abelha comercializados em São Luís do Maranhão. Foram realizadas as análises físico-químicas: umidade, acidez, atividade diastásica e hidroximetilfurfural em 30 amostras de méis de Apis mellifera e os valores foram analisados segundo a Instrução Normativa n.º 11 de 2000 do MAPA. As amostras em estudo apresentaram valores fora dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação, em relação à determinação de atividade diastásica e teor de hidroximetilfurfural, parâmetros físico-químicos que fornecem indicações sobre o grau de conservação e superaquecimento, o que indica que as amostras apresentaram deterioração.Palavras-chave: Mel. Apis mellifera. Deterioração.STATE OF DETERIORATION OF BEE'S HONEYS (APIS MELLIFERA) COMMERCIALIZED IN SÃO LUIS- MARANHÃOAbstract: Honey is a very appreciated food and has excellent nutritional value, constituted by a mixture of a complex carbohydrates, enzymes, amino acids, minerals, flavorings, vitamins, pigments, waxes and pollen. The product may undergo changes due to inadequate forms of storage and conservation. These procedures may cause their deterioration, severely compromising the food. When the honeys of bee are submitted to conditions of temperature and intense light may undergo some modifications in their physicochemical properties. The purpose of this study is to verify the presence and degree of deterioration of honeys of bee commercialized in São Luis do Maranhão. Physico-chemical analyses were done: moisture, acidity, diastase activity and hydroxymethylfurfural in 30 honey samples of Apis mellifera and the values were analyzed according to Normative Instruction No. 11 of 2000 of MAPA. The samples studied showed values outside the standards established by legislation in relation to the determination of diastase activity and hydroxymethylfurfural content, physico-chemical parameters that provide indications about the degree of conservation and overheating, which indicates that the samples showed deterioration.Keywords: Honey. Apis mellifera. Deterioration.ESTADO DE DETERIORO DEL MIEL DE ABEJA (APIS MELLIFERA) SE COMERCIALICEN EN SAO LUIS DO MARANHÃOResumen: La miel es un alimento muy popular y el valor nutritivo excelente, compuesto de una mezcla de hidratos de carbono complejos, enzimas, aminoácidos, minerales, vitaminas, aromatizantes, colorantes, ceras y polen. El producto puede sufrir cambios debido a métodos inadecuados de almacenamiento y conservación. Estos procedimientos causan su deterioro, comprometiendo severamente los alimentos Cuando las abejas están sujetas a condiciones de temperatura y luz intensa pueden sufrir algunas modificaciones en sus propiedades fisicoquímicas. El objetivo de el presente estudio es verificar la presencia y el grado de deterioro de la miel de abeja negocian en São Luís do Maranhão. Los análisis se realizaron con propiedades físicoquímicas: La humedad, acidez, actividad de la diastasa y el hidroximetilfurfural en 30 muestras de miel de Apis mellifera y los valores fueron analizados de acuerdo a la Instrucción Normativa N º 11 de 2000 MAPA. Las muestras estudiadas mostraron valores fuera de los estándares establecidos por la legislación en relación con la determinación de la actividad de la diastasa y el contenido de hidroximetilfurfural, parámetros físico-químicos que proporcionan información sobre el grado de conservación y el sobrecalentamiento, lo que indica que las muestras mostraron deterioro.Palabras clave: Mel. Apis mellifera. Deterioro.

scholarly journals Determination of Oil Content and Physicochemical Properties of Oil Extracted from Niger Seed Oil Grown in Gamo Gofa, Southern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Bezuayehu Getachew ◽  
Kemal Ahmed ◽  
Mahmud Endris ◽  
Manale Zebene ◽  
Tsegay Hiwot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Gamo Gofa ◽  
Niger Seed

The Niger seed oil was collected from gamo-gofa, southern part of Ethiopia for oil extraction. The collected seed were oven dried and crushed in to powder by mortar and pestle. A soxhlet and maceration extractions were used for extraction of the oil. The solvents used for both extractions were n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The main reason two different types of solvents and two different type of extraction methods used in this project were to check which type of solvent and extraction method were effective for extraction of oil from Niger seed. From both extraction methods the extracted oil was separated from the solvents by simple distillation. The oil content and the physico-chemical parameters of the oil were determined and an oil content of 23.45% and 21.35% were obtained by maceration and 33.02% and 22.7% by soxhlet extraction method from n-hexane and ethyl acetate respectively. The physico-chemical parameters of the seed and oil were determined and the result shows that moisture content of the seed was (8.3%) and acid value of the oil (1.7391), saponification value (6.0308), Kinematic viscosity (0.561 m2/s), Density of oil (0.9788 g/ml) and Specific gravity of (0.9947). From the result obtained we conclude that n-hexane is an effective solvent and soxhlet extraction is an effective extraction method for extraction of oil from Niger seed.

scholarly journals Emergy Analysis and Sustainability Efficiency Analysis of Different Crop-Based Biodiesel in Life Cycle Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingzheng Ren ◽  
Alessandro Manzardo ◽  
Anna Mazzi ◽  
Andrea Fedele ◽  
Antonio Scipioni
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Emergy Analysis ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Improved Methods

Biodiesel as a promising alternative energy resource has been a hot spot in chemical engineering nowadays, but there is also an argument about the sustainability of biodiesel. In order to analyze the sustainability of biodiesel production systems and select the most sustainable scenario, various kinds of crop-based biodiesel including soybean-, rapeseed-, sunflower-, jatropha- and palm-based biodiesel production options are studied by emergy analysis; soybean-based scenario is recognized as the most sustainable scenario that should be chosen for further study in China. DEA method is used to evaluate the sustainability efficiencies of these options, and the biodiesel production systems based on soybean, sunflower, and palm are considered as DEA efficient, whereas rapeseed-based and jatropha-based scenarios are needed to be improved, and the improved methods have also been specified.

scholarly journals The Bioprocessing Quick Wins from Avocado Fruit in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-587
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Baidhe ◽  
Nicholas Kiggundu ◽  
Noble Banadda
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Avocado Seed

Bioprocessing can help redeem the economic value for avocado (Persea americana) in Uganda. This study reviews the virgin potential of avocado bioprocessing in Uganda. Avocado consists of flesh, seed, and peel. The review indicates that the waste seed and peel are vital for development of high-value products. Both the edible part and waste (peel and seed) can be used for biogas production through a solid-state fermentation process. Biodiesel can be developed using avocado seed oil through a process called transesterification. Avocado oil is a better alternative for biodiesel production compared to waste cooking oil as it requires no further conversions processes for transforming fatty acids to esters. The starch-rich avocado seed is a suitable substrate for bioethanol, pigment and starch production. The high starch content places the avocado fruit as a potential (i) raw material for the production of bioplastics (ii) substrate for bacterial culture media production as opposed to potatoes, cereals, and cassava that double as a staple food. Avocado seeds can also be used for the production of antioxidants relevant for preventing enzymatic browning, thereby increasing product shelf life. Despite the quick wins, there is a need for increased research, financing, personnel training and development of appropriate policies to spur the benefits and untapped potential of avocado bioprocessing in Uganda. The circular economy of avocado waste alone into high-value products could increase gains in the environment and stimulate industrial development especially the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries in Uganda.

Studies on the Degradation of Human Fibrinogen by Plasmin and Trypsin

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 526-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A Beck ◽  
D. P Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Clotting System ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Peptide Bonds ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Ph Stat ◽  
Rapid Appearance

SummaryThe effects of trypsin and plasmin on the functional and physicochemical properties of purified human fibrinogen were observed at various stages of proteolysis. Concentrations of plasmin and trypsin that produced fibrinogenolysis at comparable rates as measured in a pH stat produced, at similar rates, loss of precipitability of fibrinogen by heat and ammonium sulphate and alterations in electrophoretic mobility on starch gel. Trypsin produced a more rapid loss of clottability of fibrinogen and a more rapid appearance of inhibitors of the thrombin-fibrinogen clotting system than did plasmin. Consistent differences were noted between the effects of trypsin and plasmin on the immunoelectrophoretic properties of fibrinogen during the early stages of proteolysis.These results are consistent with the hypothesis that trypsin initially reacts with the same peptide bonds of fibrinogen that are split by thrombin, but these same bonds do not appear to be split initially by plasmin. Measurement of the various functional and physico-chemical changes produced by the action of trypsin and plasmin on fibrinogen can be used to recognize various stages of proteolysis.

Composition of White Potato Starch (Ipomea batatas L.) with Avocado Seed Starch (Persea americana Mill) and Glyserol Concentration in Edible Film

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musdar Musdar ◽  
Lukmanul Hakim ◽  
Juliani Juliani ◽  
Jailani Jailani
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
White Potato ◽  
Ipomea Batatas ◽  
Sweet Potato Starch ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Avocado Seed

White sweet potato starch (Ipomea batatas L.) and avocado seed starch (Parsea americana Mill) derived from local plants have the potential to be developed as agricultural products. Starch is a hydrocolloid compound as a potential local resource to be utilized. Glycerol function as an anti-freezing which is hygroscopic. This study aims to determine the ratio of white sweet potato starch with avocado seed starch and the concentration of glycerol for making edible film. This study was an experiment using a completely randimized factorial design with 2 (two) main factor consisting of a comparison of white sweet potato starch and avocado seed with 3 levels: P1 = 35%:65%., P2=50%:50%., P3=65%:35% and glycerol concentration with 3 levels: G1=1%., G2=2%., G3=3%. The best result reasearch were content of 23.03% (tratment P1G1), solubility of 55.57% (treatment P3G2)., swelling test of 9.83% (treatment P2g3)., elongation of 8.18% (treatment P3G2)

Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters in Kedilam River, Tamil Nadu, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Gyaneswar Bhuyan ◽  
◽  
Dr. R. Anandhan Dr. R. Anandhan ◽  
V. kavitha V. kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical
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