scholarly journals Effect of SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) kawista leaf aqueous extract (Limonia acidissima L.) on body and organ weight of Rats

BioScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Giriani Ayu Sabilla ◽  
Slamet Widiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver And Kidney

SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) is a pharmacological method that can increase the bioavailability of a drug. Kawista leaf aqueous extract contains secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract has not been reported on its effect on body weight and organs of rats. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract on body weight, liver and kidney weight of Rattus norvegicus in acute toxicity testing using the OECD 423 method. Data on body weight and organ weight of the liver and kidneys of female white rats of the Wistar strain were obtained during toxicity testing by acute OECD method 423. In this test, rats were divided into 3 treatment groups,namely control, SNEDDS, and SNEDDS of kawista leaf aqueous extract, with a total of 5 rats per treatment. The test was carried out in 2 terms of dosing according to OECD 423, wherein the second term the amount of the dose given was determined from the data on the response of the test animals to the dosage of the preparations in the first term. The results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed with Duncan. The results showed that the SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract did not affect the body weight or the weight of the liver and kidneys of rats which was indicated from the statistical test results that there was no significant difference between treatments. This study conclude that SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract did not affect the body weight or liver and kidney organs of rats.

The Role of Polymer Carrier and Process Parameters for Small Molecule Drug Delivery via Blended Electrospinning

Nano LIFE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 2150001
Author(s):  
Yasaman Hamedani ◽  
Murugabaskar Balan ◽  
Soumitro Pal ◽  
Sankha Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Fibrous Scaffold ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Polymer Carrier ◽  
Disease Specific

Delivery of therapeutic compounds to the diseased area in the body with minimized adverse effects is the underlying objective behind development of advanced drug delivery systems. Providing disease-specific release patterns is the ultimate goal of any drug delivery system. Electrospinning has been widely used for nanofiber fabrication. Having high aspect ratio and similarity to the extracellular matrix in the body make electrospun nanofibers a great candidate to be used as drug delivery implants. In this study, we report electrospinning to be a tunable technique capable of providing engineered, disease-specific drug release patterns. Using “one factor at a time” and “central composite design” techniques, we respectively demonstrate flow rate and applied voltage to be the two most significant parameters (with [Formula: see text]-values of 512.48 and 42.31) affecting the final fiber diameter, and capillary-to-collector distance as the least important one, by evaluating their influence, individually and combined, on the morphology of electrospun Poly (Lactide-co-Glycolide acid) nanofibers. Using the same two techniques, we also show that hydrophobicity of the polymeric fibrous scaffold, measured by water contact angle (WCA) with the [Formula: see text]-value of 376.44, is the main factor to consider when designing an electrospun fibrous drug delivery system for a specific disease, while fiber diameter can further modulate the release pattern of the drug from hydrophobic polymeric nanofibers. We finally support our hypothesis by comparing our findings with analysis of data derived from the literature. Taken together, our findings suggest electrospinning to be a tunable technique capable of providing various release patterns for any small molecular weight drug on the basis of the requirements of the diseases to be treated.

68Ga@pyridine-functionalized MCM-41 mesoporous silica: a novel radio labeled composite for diagnostic applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Fazaeli ◽  
Mohammad Amin Hosseini ◽  
Mohammadreza Afrasyabi ◽  
Parviz Ashtari
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Mcm 41

Abstract Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are known as intrinsic radiolabeling agents and offer a fast and reliable approach to deliver theranostic agents into targeted organs. Radiolabeled amorphous silica nanoparticles are of great interest to radiation oncology communities. In order to improve the performance of these nano materials in cancer diagnosis and treatment, their inherent properties, such as surface area and the ability to accumulate in cancer cells, should be enhanced. Pyridine functionalized mesoporous silica MCM-41 is known as a potential anticancer-drug delivery system with high suface area. In thiswork, in order to produce an image-guided drug delivery system for diagnostic applications, [68Ga] radionuclide was grafted on pyridine functionalized MCM-41. The nanoparticles were assessed with atomic force microscopy (AFM), paper chromatography, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, CHN and TGA/DTA analyses. The pharmacokinetic profile evaluation of the radiolabeled nano silica, [68Ga]-Py-Butyl@MCM-41, was done in Fibrosarcoma tumor-bearing mice. This labeled nanocomposite with appropriate blood circulation in body, high structural stability, high tumor/blood ID/g% ratio and fast excretion from the body can be proposed as an efficient nano engineered composite for upcoming tumor targeting/imaging nanotechnology-based applications.

scholarly journals The Impact of Magnesium–Aluminum-Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Polyvinyl Alcohol Coated on Magnetite on the Preparation of Core-Shell Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Ebadi ◽  
Kalaivani Buskaran ◽  
Bullo Saifullah ◽  
Sharida Fakurazi ◽  
Mohd Zobir Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxide ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Fibroblast ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
The Impact

One of the current developments in drug research is the controlled release formulation of drugs, which can be released in a controlled manner at a specific target in the body. Due to the diverse physical and chemical properties of various drugs, a smart drug delivery system is highly sought after. The present study aimed to develop a novel drug delivery system using magnetite nanoparticles as the core and coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and Mg–Al-layered double hydroxide (MLDH) for the formation of FPVA-FU-MLDH nanoparticles. The existence of the coated nanoparticles was supported by various physico-chemical analyses. In addition, the drug content, kinetics, and mechanism of drug release also were studied. 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was found to be released in a controlled manner from the nanoparticles at pH = 4.8 (representing the cancerous cellular environment) and pH = 7.4 (representing the blood environment), governed by pseudo-second-order kinetics. The cytotoxicity study revealed that the anticancer delivery system of FPVA-FU-MLDH nanoparticles showed much better anticancer activity than the free drug, 5FU, against liver cancer and HepG2 cells, and at the same time, it was found to be less toxic to the normal fibroblast 3T3 cells.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION, MODIFICATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL POLYMERS USED IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: AN UPDATED REVIEW

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
DIPJYOTI BISWAS ◽  
SUDIP DAS ◽  
SOURAV MOHANTO ◽  
SHUBHRAJIT MANTRY
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery System

The modified/regulated drug delivery system helps to sustain the delivery of the drug for a prolonged period. The modified drug delivery system is primarily aimed at ensuring protection, the effectiveness of the drug, and patient compliance. The transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) falls within the modified drug delivery system, in which the goal is to deliver the drug at a fixed dose and regulated rate through the skin. Polymers are the backbone of the framework for providing transdermal systems. The polymer should be stable, non-toxic, economical, and provide a sustainable release of the drug. In general, natural polymers used in the TDDS as rate-controlling agents, protective, and stabilizing agents and also used to minimize the frequency of dosing and improve the drug’s effectiveness by localizing at the site of action. Nowadays, manufacturers are likely to use natural polymers due to many issues associated with drug release and side effects with synthetic polymers. Drug release processes from natural polymers include oxidation, diffusion, and swelling. Natural polymers may be used as the basis to achieve predetermined drug distribution throughout the body. The use of natural materials for traditional and modern types of dosage forms are gums, mucilages, resins, and plant waste etc. Thus, the main objective of this review article is to give a brief knowledge about the extraction, modification, characterization, and biomedical application of conventional natural polymers used in the transdermal drug delivery system and their future prospective.

scholarly journals An Overview of Therapeutic Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 366-390
Author(s):  
Sandeep Waghulde ◽  
Pravin Naik
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
System A ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Novel Drug Delivery System ◽  
Novel Drug

Over the last few years' great advances have been made on the development drug delivery systems for different purposes for targeting the diseased conditions. Novel drug delivery originates from polymers or associated with some devices is generally related with the emergence of novel characteristics. These changes are what eventually comprise the value of drug delivery system and Novel drug delivery system. Novel properties become existed without making new materials. Novel drug delivery system comparable to traditional system, following Targeted Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is also called targeting drug system. A new drug delivery system makes the drugs densely gather pathological-change structures, and has an improved healing effect and less toxic side effects. The drugs can improve the strength of pharmacological action and reduce the bad effect all over the body, for they release in the target organs.

scholarly journals Synergistic effect of folate-conjugated polymers and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of colon cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Siemiaszko ◽  
Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska ◽  
Karolina H. Markiewicz ◽  
Iwona Misztalewska-Turkowicz ◽  
Ewelina Dudź ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effective Therapy ◽  
Controlled Polymerization ◽  
Micellar Systems

Abstract Background In recent years, targeted drug delivery strategies have received special attention from the scientific world due to advantages such as more effective therapy and reduction of side effects. The principle of operation is delayed excretion from the bloodstream of the drug delivery system compared to the drug itself, as well as facilitated penetration into diseased cells thanks to the use of ligands recognized by appropriate receptors. Particularly interesting drug carriers are amphiphilic copolymers that form nano-sized micelles with a drug, which can release the drug at a specific place in the body under the influence of appropriate stimuli. Results We describe the synthesis of the diblock polymer, poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)-b-poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) using RAFT/MADIX (Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer/MAcromolecular Design by Interchange of Xanthate) controlled polymerization affording polymers with good dispersity according to SEC (Size-Exclusion Chromatography). Some post-modifications of the polymer with folic acid were then performed as evidenced by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), UV–Vis (UltraViolet–Visible) and FT-IR (Fourier-Transform Infrared) spectroscopy, and TGA (ThermoGravimetric Analysis). The formation of stable micellar systems from polymers with and without the drug, 5-fluorouracil, was confirmed by DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) and zeta potential measurements, and TEM (Transmission Eelectron Microscopy) imaging. Finally, the cloud point of the polymers was investigated, which turned out to be close to the temperature of the human body. Most importantly, these micellar systems have been explored as a drug delivery system against colon cancer, showing increased cytotoxicity compared to the drug alone. This effect was achieved due to the easier cellular uptake by the interaction of folic acid and its receptors on the surface of cancer cells. Conclusions The presented results constitute a solid foundation for the implementation of a nano-sized drug delivery system containing folic acid for practical use in the treatment of drug-resistant cancer, as well as more effective therapy with fewer side effects. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cancer Treatment by using DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE LIPOSOMES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Vinicius LU
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Drug Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Paul Ehrlich

The goal of any drug delivery system is to provide a therapeutic amount of drug to the proper site in the body, to achieve promptly and then maintain the desired drug concentration. Conventional drug delivery system achieves as well as maintains the drug concentration with in the therapeutically effective range needed for treatment only when taken several times a day. This results in a significant fluctuation in drug level (Chien YM., 1992). The concept of designing specified delivery system to achieve selective drug targeting has been originated from the perception of Paul Ehrlich, who proposed drug delivery to be as a “magic bullet”.Controlled & Novel delivery envisages optimized drug in the sense that the therapeutic efficacy of a drug is optimized, which also implies nil or minimum side effects. It is expected that the 21st century would witness great changes in the area of drug delivery. The products may be more potent as well as safer. Target specific dosage delivery is likely to overcome much of the criticism of conventional dosage forms.

scholarly journals Fenofibrate Niosomes by Modified Ether Injection Method- of Proper Diet to Help Lower “Bad

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Garrepalli Samatha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Active Entity

The quest never ends. From the very beginning of the human race the quest is going on for newer and better alternatives and in case of drugs it will continue till we find a drug with maximum efficacy and no side effects. Many drugs, particularly chemotherapeutic agents, have narrow therapeutic window and their clinical uses are limited and compromised by dose limiting toxic effect. Thus, the therapeutic effectiveness of the existing drugs is improved by formulating them in an advantageous way. In the past few decades, considerable attention has been focused on the development of new drug delivery system (NDDS). The NDDS should ideally full fill two prerequisites. Firstly, it should deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body, over the period of treatment. Secondly, it should channel the active entity to the site of action. Conventional dosage forms including prolonged release dosage forms are unable to meet none of these. At present, no available drug delivery system behaves ideally, but sincere attempts have been made to achieve them through various novel approaches in drug delivery1. Approaches are being adapted to achieve this goal, by paying considerable attention either to control the distribution of drug by incorporating it in a carrier system, or by altering the structure of the drug at the molecular level, or to control the input of the drug into the bio environment to ensure an appropriate profile of distribution.

scholarly journals Tumor Microenvironment-Stimuli Responsive Nanoparticles for Anticancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reju George Thomas ◽  
Suchithra Poilil Surendran ◽  
Yong Yeon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Redox Enzyme ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Internal Ph ◽  
Stimuli Response

Cancer is a disease that affects a large number of people all over the world. For treating cancer, nano-drug delivery system has been introduced recently with objective of increasing therapeutic efficiency of chemotherapeutic drug. The main characteristics of this system are the encapsulation of the insoluble chemotherapeutic cargo, increasing the period of circulation in the body, as well as the delivery of the drug at that specific site. Currently, the nano-drug delivery system based on the stimuli response is becoming more popular because of the extra features for controlling the drug release based on the internal atmosphere of cancer. This review provides a summary of different types of internal (pH, redox, enzyme, ROS, hypoxia) stimuli-responsive nanoparticle drug delivery systems as well as perspective for upcoming times.

scholarly journals Effect of Basketball Sports on Serum Superoxide Dismutase and Its Relationship with the Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jinzhong Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Guo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Nanoparticle Drug Delivery ◽  
Oxygen Poisoning

Human survival is impossible without oxygen, and as the body load continues to increase, the need for oxygen intake becomes greater. However, oxygen is also a double-edged sword for the human body. A large number of studies have proved that excessive intake of oxygen might lead to oxygen poisoning. Even under normal oxygen uptake, there is still a certain proportion of SOD conversion in oxygen. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the main causes of oxygen poisoning and chronic diseases. It is of great significance to study the changes of SOD in a large amount of oxygen environment. However, there are a few research studies in this field at home and abroad. Therefore, this paper puts forward the influence of basketball sports on serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its relationship with the nanoparticle drug delivery system. The research of this paper is mainly divided into three parts. The first part is the research of theoretical basis and core concepts. Through this part of the study, this paper shows that exercise can make the human body strong, while controlling the transformation of SOD, and only in this way can we achieve the true meaning of sports health. The second part is the establishment method of the test model of the influence of basketball on SOD and the nanoparticle drug delivery system. In this part, the principle and operation steps of the design method are given in detail. In order to ensure the effect of the experiment, the test standard was established, and the whole process data were recorded for the retrospective study. The third part is the comparative experiment, which includes the influence of different exercise intensities on SOD activity and the preservation stability of nanoparticles. Through the analysis of experimental data, it was found that basketball increased the risk of SOD transformation, but at the same time, using nanoparticles intervention can effectively reduce the harm of SOD to the human body.

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