scholarly journals Modern Islam, Politics, and the Making of Religious Commodification Among Female Members of Majelis Taklim Circle in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

KALAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Mulyadi Mulyadi ◽  
Tontowi Jauhari ◽  
Mansur Hidayat ◽  
Arif Sugiono
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Religious Learning ◽  
The Common

Despite the common belief in society about the declining fate of religion in time of modernity, everyday behaviors of religious societies have shown that religion has been increasingly commodified for political purposes. This article aims to study the ways in which modernity has enabled the dynamic use of religious commodification in political sectors.  Its main question is how political leaders have used religious doctrines, values, and symbols for gaining their electoral supports. Data of this research is collected through surveys among female Muslim members of Islamic learning circles (majelis taklim) in Bandar Lampung, the biggest city in the province of Lampung, where religious learning circles have increasingly flourished in the last few years. This research finds out ample evidence showing the significant influences of modernization and commodification of religion in determining political behaviors of the female members of Islamic learning circles. Modernization in the context of this research is defined as knowledge, urbanization, increased income, technological progress, social norms, social interaction, social institutions, and  commodification of religion is identified as the acts of making religious teachings and activities as a commodity, empirically manifested in the form of transforming social relations into economic relations (relation oriented for economic interests, materialization of a thing spiritual).

Catholic Social Teaching

2015 ◽  
pp. 442-456
Author(s):  
David Matzko McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Catholic Social Teaching ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Social Teaching ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Rerum Novarum ◽  
The Common

This essay considers the modern tradition of Catholic social teaching (CST). CST finds its roots in the biblical, patristic, and medieval periods, but was inaugurated in particular by Leo XIII’s encyclical Rerum novarum (1891) and has been sustained by a range of papal encyclicals and conciliar documents since. The documents of CST emphasize that human beings are created for mutual cooperation and a pursuit of common good in social, economic, and political life. The essay considers first CST’s developing account of how social relations may be governed by Christian charity. It then considers the nature of property within economic relations as conceived within CST. The final section considers CST’s reflections on political life, which is understood as primarily personal and dependent on relations of mutual rights and responsibilities that are directed to the common good.

scholarly journals Trade Unions in the Comfort Zone: Liberal Authority in Yeltsin’s Russia.

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Jo Baker
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
New Era ◽  
Economic Relations

While much has been written on the failure of the Yeltsin presidency and the transformation of Russian society since 1991, little work has been done that illustrates the participation of established liberal democracies in supporting Yeltsin’s authoritarian, politically unresponsive ‘superpresidentialism,’ or linking this support to the authoritarian nature of the modern liberal democratic project itself. By examining Russian trade union culture and history, as well as international trade union representative involvement, this paper argues that the persistent neglect of unions in the 1990s to challenge social relations of production can be understood as paradigmatic of an authoritarian dynamic focused on the political elite rather than on their membership. With international support, the regime’s concern was with the dismantling of Soviet economic relations and social institutions. Working from the culture and history of Russian trade unions, the unions’ efforts to retain a place in the new era through a strategy of ‘social partnership,’ combined with the collapse of the social welfare system, reinforced a top-down inertia characteristic of the unions. The result, predictably, was an era marked by a politics of irresponsibility, a political ethic is not indicative of an inherent Russian authoritarianism, but that of the authoritarian nature of the liberal modernity itself.

scholarly journals Influence of Social Innovations on Modernization of Economic Relations

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Halushka
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Levels Of Functioning ◽  
Social Management

The article generalizes approaches to understanding the essence of social innovations and substantiates their significance as a process that ensures a qualitative transformation of the system of socio-economic relations, their modernization and appropriate institutional formulation. Specifics of social innovations, approaches to their classification, their factors are determined. The following changes in the system of economic relations under the influence of social innovations are revealed: socialization of economic relations as a global trend of their development; formation of join to ownership and sharing models; social investment; minimize transaction costs; rating of partner sand clients, control over their behavior; partial replacement of market mechanisms based on the construction of modern communications vertically and horizontally, gradual transition to digital multilevel governance, establishment of social management, etc. It is noted that social innovations lead to the emergence of new socio-economic institutions, changes in “rules of the game” and typical behavior patterns. The influence of social innovations on the change of socio-economic relations at the mega-, macro-, meta- and micro-levels of functioning of the economy is shown. Changes in socio-economic relations under the influence of global social innovations, Internet technologies, social reforms, social networks, digital governance and other factors are described. On the example of formation and accumulation of social capital, the directions of the influence of social innovations on the change of the whole system of economic relations and modernization of social and economic order are determined. Their influence on the formation of modern social institutions, which sanction the norms and structure of social relations, functions of state structures, the range of rights and responsibilities of individuals, forms of coordination of social processes.

scholarly journals The Issues of the Formation of the Common Economic Interest in the Russian Economic System

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Aleksej Tsikin
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Russian

The article is devoted to studying the theory of economic interests on the basis of the retrospective analysis of the works of the main economic school representatives, modern Russian and foreign scientists. The aim of the work is to elaborate the concept of the common economic interest in the modern Russian economic system. To achieve this aim, the author conducted the development analysis of the relevant methodological approaches to the study of economic relations, identified the most relevant concepts and proposed the concept interpretations of the national economic system priorities. It is established that the evolution of the theory of economic interests is directly related to the world economy development. In the current conditions, approaches related to absolutization of state (characteristic of the Late Middle Ages) or private (used during the rapid development of the market) interests are not applicable to achieve the common economic interest. Today, the theory introduces the factors of uncertainty, limited knowledge, explores real and perceived interests, and increases the role of social security and environmental safety. The analysis carried out in the work indicates the need to include social, innovative, technological, labor, infrastructure, institutional priorities, as well as self-sufficiency of the economy in the definition of the common economic interest. The results of the work can be used in developing strategies to improve the competitiveness of the Russian economy.

scholarly journals Dari ‘illah ke maqasid: formula dinamisasi hukum Islam di era kekinian melalui pengembangan konsep maqasid

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Abad Badruzaman
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Hollow Space ◽  
Present Context ◽  
The Common ◽  
Written Materials

This article has been pushed by the fact that the reading of classical texts does not involve the conciousness that the texts present not in a hollow space, but in a chamber having its own language, culture, values, social institutions and other patterns of social relations. This is a pure library study; all data sources are in the form of written materials related to the topic that has been set. Then these concepts, with the help of modern literature, are developed in line with the present context. Three things formulated in this study are: the concept of ‘illah, maqasid, and the development of maqasid concepts in order to make Islamic law remain dynamic. The content and the range of meaning of each of the five maqasid formulated by al-Syatibi can bedeveloped due to the demands of the present context. Therefore, the development of content and range of meaning is carried out by this paper. The author put a great effort to put a number of Qur’anic verses as the guide and giver of moral messages. Themes such as religious freedom, the maintenance of natural resources from exploitation and extermination, gender equality, nourishing the generations from neglect, oppression and poverty, and must enable the common sense in all things, in the opinion of the author are able to fill all of the content as well as expand the range of concepts of maqasid in the contemporary era.

scholarly journals Humor in the entrepreneurial pitch context : the effect of humor, investor regulatory focus and argument quality on pitch evaluations and funding decisions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Scott Ugur Seyrek
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Argument Quality ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Midwestern University ◽  
The Common

Conventional wisdom and a small body of empirical research suggests that while humor can sometimes be used for negative purposes, it tends to be "good," and associated with positive outcomes. Many entrepreneurs incorporate humor into their entrepreneurial pitches to appeal to investors. But does the common belief about humor's positive effects really hold true for the entrepreneurial pitch context? To examine the role humor plays in entrepreneurial pitches, an experiment was conducted where humor, argument quality and investor regulatory focus were manipulated either before or during a video-recorded entrepreneurial pitch to predict individuals' perceptions of the pitch and their likelihood of investing in the venture. The data consisted of responses by 186 undergraduate students at a large Midwestern university. The results suggested that humor and argument quality interact to influence pitch perceptions and investment likelihood such that humorous content is appreciated when the arguments are strong (i.e., more positive perceptions and higher investment likelihood), whereas the pitches with humor are penalized when the arguments are weak. The results also suggested that this effect was only observed among individuals who were prompted to be promotion-focused during the pitch (i.e., to be open-minded about the pitch and to consider factors beyond economic interests), and not among those who were prevention-focused (i.e., those who were prompted to focus on the venture's risks). The results indicate that although humor might indeed have an impact on investor perceptions, the question of whether entrepreneurs should use humor is more nuanced than the simple “humor is good” conventional wisdom.

scholarly journals The role of the organizational culture of trust in the formation of regional social capital

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Marina Alexandrovna Kolmykova ◽  
Elena Nikolaevna Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

The article discusses the problem of reducing the level of trust in various social institutions, including public authorities. It is shown that this problem is an obstacle to the formation of regional social capital. The research purpose is to determine the role of the organizational culture of trust in the process of formation and accumulation of regional social capital. Based on the study, it was found that the integrated level of trust is most observed in the social institution of the family, and the lowest one – in the social institution of the state, this confirms the tendency of a significant decrease in the level of trust in public authorities and, in turn, this prevents the accumulation of social capital in regions. It has been established that today regions face socio-economic challenges, namely: a pandemic, digitalization of social relations, changes in the labor market, the outflow of talented young people to the capital universities, brain drain, “anti-human factor” in enterprises. It is assumed that the most rational response to the challenges will be the development of regional social capital through the organizational culture of trust in enterprises. Moreover, regional social capital can be considered as a set of social capital of citizens with a pro-active attitude, inspiring political leaders, as well as public figures, and social capital of enterprises which organizational culture is based on trust. The article notes that the formation of the organizational culture of trust can contribute to a decrease in staff turnover, an increase in labor productivity, personnel involvement, an increase in the competitiveness of an enterprise, organizational commitment, an increase in business reputation.

The Traffic in Hierarchy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward Keeler
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
The World ◽  
Male Head ◽  
Relative Status ◽  
Trans Women

Looking at Buddhist monasteries as social institutions, this book integrates a thorough description of one such monastery with a wide-ranging study of Burmese social relations, both religious and lay, looking particularly at the matter of gender. Hierarchical assumptions inform all such relations, and higher status implies a person’s greater autonomy. A monk is particularly idealized because he exemplifies the Buddhist ideal of “detachment” and so autonomy. A male head of household represents another masculine ideal, if a somewhat less prestigious one. He enjoys greater autonomy than other members of the household yet remains entangled in the world. Women and trans women are thought to be more invested in attachment than autonomy and are expected to subordinate themselves to men and monks as a result. But everyone must concern themselves with the matter of relative status in all of their interactions. This makes face-to-face encounter fraught. Several chapters detail the ways that individuals try to stave off the risks that interaction necessarily entails. One stratagem is to subordinate oneself to nodes of power, but this runs counter to efforts to demonstrate one’s autonomy. Another is to foster detachment, most dramatically in the practice of meditation.

Aristotle on the Sources of the Ethical Life

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Berryman
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Metaphysical Grounding ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
The Common

This work challenges the common belief that Aristotle’s virtue ethics is founded on an appeal to human nature, an appeal that is thought to be intended to provide both substantive ethical advice and justification for the demands of ethics. It is argued that it is not Aristotle’s intent, but the view is resisted that Aristotle was blind to questions of the source or justification of his ethical views. Aristotle’s views are interpreted as a ‘middle way’ between the metaphysical grounding offered by Platonists and the scepticism or subjectivist alternatives articulated by others. The commitments implicit in the nature of action figure prominently in this account: Aristotle reinterprets Socrates’ famous paradox that no one does evil willingly, taking it to mean that a commitment to pursuing the good is implicit in the very nature of action. This approach is compared to constructivism in contemporary ethics.

An Intersectional Approach to the “Mobility Trap” That Ensnares Migrant Youth in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Urban China ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
Political Economic

This essay explores the theory of intersectionality in the study of youths’ lives and social inequality in the Global South. It begins with an overview of the concept of intersectionality and its wide applications in social sciences, followed by a proposal for regrounding the concept in the political economic systems in particular contexts (without assuming the universality of capitalist social relations in Northern societies), rather than positional identities. These systems lay material foundations, shaping the multiple forms of deprivation and precarity in which Southern youth are embedded. A case study of rural migrant youths’ ‘mobility trap’ in urban China is used to illustrate how layers of social institutions and structures in the country’s transition to a mixed economy intersect to influence migrant youths’ aspirations and life chances. The essay concludes with ruminations on the theoretical and social implications of the political-economy-grounded intersectionality approach for youth studies.

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