scholarly journals Rural Population Dynamics in the Russian Extreme North IN 1989–2019: A Case OF SAKHA Republic (Yakutia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Tamara V. Litvinenko ◽  
Kazuhiro Kumo ◽  
Antonina N. Savvinova ◽  
Viktoriia V. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
Population Decrease ◽  
Extreme North

In this study, the specific characteristics of Yakutia’s rural population dynamics in 1989-2019 in comparison with other Extreme North regions are identified along with geographical differences in the population dynamics of the republic’s rural districts. The research results are based on the analysis of the official statistical data and field trip observations in rural areas of Yakutia. Sakha has witnessed a relatively small decline in total rural population compared to other regions, which can be explained by the high proportion of the indigenous population that has a historical preference for living in rural areas and higher birth rates as well as by the regional rural support measures. Despite the common overall trend in the rural population dynamics, significant intraregional differences have been identified. In the regions characterized by more central location and a larger share of the indigenous people, the population growth due to migration and the natural increase was observed, while in more remote northern locations with poor transport accessibility to the region’s centre population decreased due to migration outflow. A shift in rural population took place in the districts of Central Yakutia, historical settlement area of Yakuts, who are engaged in livestock and horse breeding, which are the traditional types of economic activities for this territory. The largest population decrease due to migration outflow was observed in Momsky and Zhigansky ulus, which are characterized by their northern location, poor transport accessibility and a smaller share of indigenous people.

scholarly journals NATURAL INCREASE AND AGE-SEX STRUCTURE OF UKRAINIAN RURAL POPULATION: REGIONAL TRENDS OF INTERACTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Chaika I.M.
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Sex Structure

The demographic problems of rural areas are interrelated with economic, social, and even political issues. Therefore, given the relevance of the topic, the article analyzes the demographic situation in rural areas based on indicators of natural reproduction and age-sex structure of the population. It should be noted that data processing in smaller administrative entities creates advantages for monitoring positive or critical trends and reflects a more contrasting state of the demographic situation. The research article describes the differentiation of the natural population growth rate at the level of administrative raions. The map «Natural increase (decrease) rate of the Ukrainian rural population in 2018» is presented for its visual display. Characteristic interregional differences in age structure can be traced on compiled histograms. Correlation between birth rates, mortality rates, and population share in age categories: 0–15, 16–59, 60 years and older is calculated to assess the interactions of natural movement and age-sex structure. The comparison of the data of the mean and median age by regions was performed to analyze the age structure of the rural population. The balanced sex structure in settlements is both an important factor and a result of the demographic situation. Therefore, the shares of the male and female population for each age group and in all regions of Ukraine are calculated in the process of performing the practical part of the research (as of 2018). Assessment of territorial differences in the demographic burden is of great social importance. The result of the analysis of the population data set in each age group showed that the greatest demographic load exists in Chernihivska, Khmelnytska, Sumska, Vinnytska, Kyivska, Poltavska, Luhanska, Cherkaska, and Zhytomyrska regions. The obtained results of the analysis of the above-mentioned demographic parameters are summarized in the conclusions. Based on them, areas with a critical demographic situation in rural areas have been identified.Key words: rural population, age-sex structure, depopulation, natural population movement. Демографічні проблеми сільської місцевості взаємопов’язані з економічною, соціальною та навіть політичною проблематикою. Тому, з огляду на актуальність теми, у статті здійснено аналіз демографічної ситуації у сільській місцевості на основі показників природного відтворення та статево-вікової структури населення. Варто зазначити, що опрацювання даних на територіально менших адміністративних утвореннях створює переваги для моніторингу позитивних чи критич-них тенденцій та відображає більш контрастний стан демографічної ситуації. У дослідженні описано диференціацію коефіцієнта природного приросту населення на рівні адміністративних районів, а для її наочного відображення представлено картосхему «Природний приріст (скорочення) сільського населення України, 2018 р.». Характерні міжрегіональні відмінності вікової структури можна простежити на складених гістограмах. Для оцінки взаємовпливів природного руху та статево-вікової структури розраховано кореляцію між коефіцієнтами народжуваності, смертності та часткою населення у вікових категоріях: 0–15, 16–59, 60 років і старше. Також з метою аналізу вікової структури сільського населення виконано порівняння даних середнього та медіанного віку за областями. Збалансоване статеве співвідношення є водночас вагомим чинником і результатом демографічної ситуації. Тому в процесі виконання практичної частини дослідження розраховано частки чоловічого та жіночого населення для кожної вікової групи та у всіх районах України (ста-ном на 2018 рік). Важливе соціальне значення має оцінка територіальних відмінностей демографічного навантаження. Результат аналізу масиву даних чисельності населення у кожній віковій групі показав, що найбільше демографічне навантеження існує у Чернігівській, Хмельницькій, Сумській, Вінницькій, Київській, Полтавській, Луганській, Черкаській та Житомирській областях. Отримані результати вищезгаданих демографічних параметрів підсумовано у висновках. На їх основі виділено території із критичною демографічною ситуацією у сільській місцевості.Ключові слова: сільське населення, статево-вікова структура, депопуляція, природний рух населення.

scholarly journals Business in Chukotka: modern forms of entrepreneurship of the indigenous people of the Chukotian Autonomous Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Oksana P. Kolomiets
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
High Utility

The article discusses the forms of business activities that have been common among the indigenous people of Chukotka since the beginning of the 2000s. It is important to study how the opportunities for the development of small business and self-employment are realized in practice. Currently 993 legal entities are registered in the district, 68 of them are tribal or territorially-neighboring communities of the indigenous peoples of Chukotka, 29 of them are peasant farms; of 1162 individual entrepreneurs 100 are entrepreneurs from among the indigenous people of Chukotka. The area of business in which indigenous people who live in both rural areas and Chukotka cities can be realized is micro-enterprises. On the territory of the region there are special state and private programs to support small business, but the difficulties for Chukchi businessmen do not become less. The main problems identified are the high cost of delivering goods (for rural entrepreneurs airline fares are unbearable), high utility rates, the lack of stable sales markets for goods and services produced, the low level of economic knowledge required for conducting financial and economic activities and reporting to government bodies. At the same time further development of the region is not possible without the development of a private initiative in the field of traditional environmental management, without the mandatory use of new waste-free technologies for the processing of reindeer products, marine hunting, fishing, hunting, for the so-called «community» business; production of souvenirs of leather, bone walrus, whales, deer horns; tailoring and repair of fur products; development of modern ethno-design; transportation services; daytime employment services for children; construction and repair work; personal services; catering; tourist services. This article is intended to attract scientific and public interest to this issue.

scholarly journals The rural population dynamics of in the Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the post-Soviet period: general trends and geographical differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
A.N. Savvinova ◽  
◽  
V.V. Filippova ◽  
T.V. Litvinenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The authors investigate general trends and spatial differences in the rural population dynamics in the Arctic regions (uluses) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in relation to the ethnic factor, features of economic activity and transport accessibility of the territory using statistical, comparative geographical, cartographic and field research methods. Against the general decline by more than a quarter of the rural population of the Yakutia Arctic regions in the post-Soviet period, they obseve significant geographical differences: from a reduction by more than half in the Allaikhovskiy and Verkhnekolymskiy uluses with the smallest share of the indigenous population and industrial and transport development to the population growth in the Olenekskiy and Eveno-Bytantayskiy uluses with the largest share of indigenous peoples and reindeer herding and fishing type of economic activity.

scholarly journals DIVERSIFICATION OF RURAL ECONOMICS IN SABAH: PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS OF CHANGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Ubong Imang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
External Support ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

Economic diversification is fundamental in driving economic growth in rural areas. Encouragement of and stimulus for the economic diversification in the rural areas allow for the generation of opportunities and new economic chains. Apart from that it will assist in the diversification of the sources of income for the rural population. In Malaysia, apart from emphasising on development policies, economic diversification began to take place in rural areas through positive developments in the economic sectors other than rural agriculture such as tourism as well as small and medium industries. The importance of leveraging on the opportunities and available space has created a need to examine the pattern and defining factors of economic diversity that is taking place in rural areas. The discussion in this article pays attention to the diversification of the economy that is taking place in the rural areas in Sabah by selecting the village of Tambatuon as a study area. In addition to the secondary data, the data is also obtained through observations, involvement in the newly created economic activities and interviews with the village heads and members of the Village Community Management Council (MPKK). The results of the study confirm that economic diversification in rural areas is in place. Most of the new economic activities exist based on the initiative of the villagers who receive support from the Government and non-governmental organisations. Nevertheless, the study also shows that the ongoing economic diversification process is still limited to the horizontal level. Hence, there is considerable potential for economic diversification that can be further expanded to enhance the competitiveness of the rural population in general. In this context, rural residents should be creative by using available local resources from the surroundings to broaden the process of economic diversification. Assistance and external support, especially from the Government, is significant in providing an environment that can stimulate economic growth to ensure that the process of diversifying the economy continues to flourish and becomes sustainable. 

scholarly journals Cartographic Methods of the Research of the Rural Settlement System in Volgograd Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Natalya Khavanskaya ◽  
Vladimir Alyaev ◽  
Diana Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Classical Economic

The article presents the methodology of cartographic support of economic and geographical research of rural territories in Volgograd region. The methodological basis of the article is the theoretical foundations of classical economic geography and applied directions of geoinformation mapping. The authors consider the stages of the study, including: identification of mapped indicators; formation of an information base; compilation of thematic maps for each indicator; compilation of an integrated assessment card for a set of indicators. The following are proposed as the main mapped indicators: the number of rural population in 2010, % by 1969; density of the rural population in 2010, people / km2; grouping of rural settlements by population, people; grouping of rural settlements by extrapolation tendency; conditions of the temporary transport accessibility of Volgograd; conditions of the temporary transport accessibility of the district center; natural fertility of agricultural lands in bonitet points. When constructing thematic maps, methods for classifying numerical fields are used, based on the calculation of the standard deviation: for maps of population dynamics, population density, and soil quality of agricultural land. Isoline mapping is used in the construction of maps of temporary transport accessibility, where the main methods of mapping are isochrones. To conduct a comprehensive assessment of the favorable resource potential of rural areas, the method of applying thematic maps is used, i.e. overlay operations. The methodology proposed by the authors as a whole allows the formation of an information database that includes information on the dynamics of the rural population in Volgograd region for individual villages, individual rural settlements, the density of the rural population in rural settlements, the conditions of transport accessibility of rural settlements, and the natural fertility of agricultural land in rural settlements, on the differences in resource potential in rural settlements.

scholarly journals Agent Banking And Poverty Reduction In Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 213-229
Author(s):  
David Terfa Akighir ◽  
T. Jacob Tyagher ◽  
Aaron Ateata
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Logit Regression Model ◽  
The Impact

The study investigated the impact of agent banking on poverty reduction in Benue State, Nigeria. The study is hinged on the agency theory, risk management theory, the regulatory dialectic theory and the basic needs theory. Focusing on the agent banking activities of the First bank PLC, the study used the Taro Yammene’s formula to select 199 agents for investigation. Questionnaire was used for data collection but only 185 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved for analysis. The study employed descriptive tools such as tables and percentages and paired t-test as well as Foster, Greer and Thornbecke (FGT) index. Also, a logit regression model was employed to ascertain whether or not agent bank has the probability of reducing poverty in Benue State. The study found that engaging in agent banking has the probability of reducing poverty in Benue State which is typically an agrarian state with high poverty incidence among highly unbanked population. Agent banking in this unbanked State where only 11 local government areas out of 23 local government areas have the presence of banks has the potential of increasing financial inclusion and enhancing financial literacy. With the presence of agent banking in the state, it will enhance business sustainability and facilitate financial transactions. These will increase economic activities and increase employments and reduce poverty. Given the potentials of agent banking for socio-economic development in the state, it is recommended that financial literacy awareness should be created so that rural population who have long lived unbanked to accept banking services via the agent banking. Also, banks operating in the state should leverage on the opportunity of agent banking to penetrate the rural population with a view to achieving financial inclusion in line with the CBN’s revived National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) which places implementation focus on women, rural areas, youth, Northern Nigeria and MSMEs to achieve 95% financial inclusion rate by 2024.

RURAL MEDICINE. CONDITION AND ISSUES

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Yuliya M. Beglyakova ◽  
◽  
Aleksander S. Shchirskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Rural Medicine ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
The Village

The article analyses the accessibility of medical facilities in rural areas of modern Russia and the specifics of their organization and development. The authors reveal causes why rural residents have much less opportunities to seek quality medical care than urban ones, what leads to a disparity between the inhabitants of the city and the village. The thesis is substantiated that state programmes that should make health services accessible to the rural population to a greater extent do not cope with the task at hand. An attempt is made to highlight the public’s response to the existing disparity in the health services of the villagers compared to urban dwellers. Such a reaction can be considered an outflow of people from rural areas, and an increase in self-medication among rural people as a result of the difficulty in obtaining health services. The decrease in the number of treatment facilities in rural areas leads to a deterioration in the medicine situation in rural areas. That, according to the authors of the article, justifies the need to study the issues associated with the provision of medical care to the rural population.

Integrated Assessment of Socio-Economic Development of Rural Areas, Taking into Account Differences in Population Density

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
N.N. Balashova ◽  
◽  
D.A. Korobeynikov ◽  
S.A. Popova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Typologization of rural areas, taking into account differences in population density and level of socio-economic development, is necessary to identify “growth points” and strategic sustainability benchmarks. The method of integrated assessment of the level of socio-economic development of rural territories is proposed, according to which the grouping of Russian regions is carried out. Applying data on rural population density to the results of calculations allowed us to identify 12 typological groups, in the context of which unified recommendations on sustainable development of territories should be formed.

scholarly journals Analysis of 220 Years of Floodplain Population Dynamics in the US at Different Spatial Scales

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Firoza Akhter ◽  
Maurizio Mazzoleni ◽  
Luigia Brandimarte
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we explore the long-term trends of floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales in the contiguous United States (U.S.). We exploit different types of datasets from 1790–2010—i.e., decadal spatial distribution for the population density in the US, global floodplains dataset, large-scale data of flood occurrence and damage, and structural and nonstructural flood protection measures for the US. At the national level, we found that the population initially settled down within the floodplains and then spread across its territory over time. At the state level, we observed that flood damages and national protection measures might have contributed to a learning effect, which in turn, shaped the floodplain population dynamics over time. Finally, at the county level, other socio-economic factors such as local flood insurances, economic activities, and socio-political context may predominantly influence the dynamics. Our study shows that different influencing factors affect floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales. These facts are crucial for a reliable development and implementation of flood risk management planning.

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