scholarly journals The haemato-metabolic profile of high producing dairy cows during the transition period

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Manju Aswal ◽  
◽  
Shiv Prasad ◽  
Nishant Kumar ◽  
Veenesh Rajpoot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Leucocyte Count ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Total Leucocyte Count ◽  
Sahiwal Cows ◽  
Karan Fries ◽  
Metabolic Adjustment

The objective of the present study was to assess the haematological [haemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), erythrocytic indices, total leucocyte count (TLC) and differential leucocyte count (DLC)] changes and metabolic adjustment, viz. blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and cholesterol, in high-yielding Sahiwal and Karan Fries cows during the transition period. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 8 pregnant Karan Fries crossbred cows and 8 pregnant Sahiwal cows on days -15, -7, 0 (the day of calving), +7 and +15 from calving, and used for estimation of haemoglobin, PCV, TLC, TEC, erythrocytic indices and DLC, and metabolic parameters, such as blood glucose, BUN, NEFA and cholesterol. It was found that haemoglobin concentrations, PCV and TEC increased significantly (P<0.01) up to the day of calving, and gradually decreased thereafter to reach pre-partum levels in the subsequent weeks post-calving. While the TLC, number of neutrophils and monocytes were found to increase (P<0.01), the number of lymphocytes decreased significantly (P<0.01) on the day of calving and then reached pre-partum levels after calving. No significant effect was observed on erythrocytic indices parameters. Blood glucose, BUN and NEFA levels showed an increasing trend (P<0.01) from 2 weeks pre-partum until the day of calving, and then decreased to the pre-partum level after calving. Unlike the other parameters, the plasma cholesterol level increased consistently from 2 weeks pre-partum to 2 weeks post-partum. In conclusion, the results of our study clearly show a definite pattern of the haematological and metabolic adjustment of high-producing dairy cows during the pre-partum to postpartum transition.

Changes in blood glucose and plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in relation to body condition scores in periparturient purebred Sahiwal cows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Khune ◽  
Sharad Mishra ◽  
M.D. Bobade ◽  
V. Bhagat ◽  
Nishma Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Nefa Concentration ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Sahiwal Cows ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The blood glucose and the plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were estimated during extended transition period (56 days prepartum to 84 days postpartum) in relation to body condition scores in 26 purebred Sahiwal cows, 13 cows each from two farms i.e. the BMEF and CBF, Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh. BMEF herd concentrate was not fed to the animals during prepartum stage. In BMEF, the mean BCS at periodical intervals was significantly less than that of CBF herd throughout the transition period. The postpartum mean unit loss in BCS of the cows of BMEF herd (0.54±0.09) was significantly higher than that of CBF cows (0.52±0.09). The unit change in BCS was higher in magnitude till 42 days post partum in the cows of BMEF whereas it was lower in the cows of CBF. Non significantly higher mean blood glucose concentration was observed in the cows of BMEF (61.46±16 mg/dl) than the cows of CBF. The blood glucose level in both the herds was lower than as fore set range. The post partum mean NEFA concentration (0.138±0.015 mM/l) were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than prepartum mean NEFA concentration (0.089±0.11mM/l) in BMEF cows however in CBF cows it remained same and differed non significantly. The overall mean plasma NEFA concentration in BMEF (0.116±0.010 mM/l) were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than those of CBF (0.050±0.005 mM/l). In the cows of BMEF, NEFA value was higher than that of CBF and hence indicated a trend of reduction in BCS after calving. During prepartum period in BMEF and CBF cows, blodd glucose and plasma NEFA were negatively (with low “r”) correlated with BCS.

scholarly journals Relationship between expression pattern of vitamin D receptor, 1 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, and chemokine RANTES genes and selected serum parameters during transition period in Holstein dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000339
Author(s):  
Hala A R Saed ◽  
Hussam M M Ibrahim ◽  
Sabry A El-Khodery ◽  
Mohamed A Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Genetic Expression ◽  
Enzyme Gene ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of genetic expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1 alpha-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) enzyme and chemokine regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in peripheral blood of Holstein dairy cows during transition period.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 16 Holstein dairy cows at 3 weeks prior expected date of delivery (EDD), at the day of parturition, and 3 weeks post-partum for assessment of expression profile of studied genes using real-time PCR and measurement of glucose, ionized calcium (Ca), parathyroid hormone (PTH), inorganic phosphorous (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and magnesium (Mg) levels.ResultsCompared with 3 weeks prior EDD, VDR gene expression decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. The genetic expression of 1α-OHase enzyme as well as PTH, K, Na and Cl levels increased significantly at the day of parturition. The Ca level decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. The P level increased significantly at the day of parturition then decreased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. Glucose level decreased significantly at the day of parturition and at 3 weeks post-partum. RANTES gene expression showed non-significant changes among the three different time points. The expression of VDR gene had a negative correlation with the expression of 1α-OHase enzyme gene, and serum levels of glucose, PTH, P and K, but had a positive correlation with the serum Ca level. The expression of 1α-OHase enzyme gene had a positive correlation with serum levels of PTH, P and K, but had a negative correlation with the serum Ca level.ConclusionsResults of the current study indicate the importance of monitoring the genetic expression of VDR and 1α-OHase enzyme as indicators of metabolic changes during transition period, suggesting that they are candidate genes to judge the health status of dairy cows during such period.

Energy balance in transition cows and its association with health, reproduction and milk production

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (06) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakao ◽  
M. Hoedemaker ◽  
C. Furken
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Loose Body ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Time Periods

SummaryObjective: It was the purpose of this study to determine the effects of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations at different time periods of the transition period as well as lactation number on metabolism, health, reproduction and milk production in dairy cows. Material and methods: This trial was conducted in a single dairy herd located in Northern Germany. Of the herd, which comprised 330 lactating Holstein cows housed in a free stall barn and fed a total mixed ration (TMR), 83 primiparous and multiparous cows were randomly selected. Animals were checked for body condition score (BCS), locomo tion score, calving data, quality of colostrum, reproductive measures, daily rectal temperature of the first 10 days post-partum (p. p.), health data and culling rates up to 200 days in milk (DIM) as well as milk production until 305 DIM. Three different time periods were considered: 3 and 1 week ante partum (a. p.); partus and 1 week p. p.; 3 weeks p. p. Results: Animals with NEFA concentrations 0.4 mmol/l ante partum had a higher risk of no ovarian activity in week 5 p. p. and of subclinical ketosis post partum than cows with lower NEFA concentrations (p < 0.05). Cows with NEFA concentrations 1.1 mmol/l in week 1 p. p., in comparison to those with lower NEFA concentrations, showed a higher prevalence of clinical ketosis (24.1% vs. 5.9%), subclinical ketosis (62.1% vs. 34.0%) and culling rate within 200 DIM (34.5% vs. 14.0%) (p < 0.05). Cows with NEFA concentrations 0.3 mmol/l at week 3 p. p. had higher 100- and 305-day milk yields than cows with lower NEFA concentrations (p < 0.05). First lactating heifers were at higher risk to loose body condition ante partum, of dystocia, fever within the first 10 DIM, metritis, clinical and subclinical ketosis as well as to develop a disease within the first 30 DIM (p < 0.05). Multipara were more likely to loose body condition after calving, to a prolonged calving to first service interval and to higher milk yields (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion increased NEFA concentrations during the transition period as well as parity can have an influence on health, production and reproduction of dairy cows.

Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on production and metabolic parameters in transition dairy cows grazing fresh pasture

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane K Kay ◽  
John R Roche ◽  
Chel E Moore ◽  
Lance H Baumgard
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Supplementation with a high dose (600 g/d) of rumen inert conjugated linoleic acids (RI-CLA) inhibits milk fat synthesis in total mixed ration (TMR)-fed dairy cows immediately post partum. However, effects of RI-CLA on milk fat and bioenergetic parameters during the transition period in grazing cows have not been investigated. Multiparous Holstein cows (n=39) grazing pasture were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: (1) pasture (PAS), (2) PAS+540 g/d Hyprofat (palm oil; HYPRO) and (3) PAS+600 g/d RI-CLA. HYPRO and RI-CLA supplements were isoenergetic, fed twice daily at 7.00 and 16.00 and provided 0 and 125 g CLA/d, respectively. Treatments began 27±10 d prepartum and continued until 36±1 days in milk (DIM). There was little or no overall effect of RI-CLA on content or yield of milk protein and lactose. RI-CLA supplementation decreased overall milk fat content and yield with RI-CLA-induced milk fat depression (MFD) becoming significant by day 3 when compared with PAS and by day 6 when compared with HYPRO. MFD continued to increase in severity during the first 24 d post partum after which MFD reached a plateau (~40%; RI-CLA v. HYPRO). Pasture-fed cows produced less milk (19·4 kg/d) than the lipid-supplemented groups and although there were no overall differences in milk yield between RI-CLA and HYPRO (22·3 kg/d) a curvilinear relationship (R2=0·57) existed between the RI-CLA-induced milk yield response and extent of MFD. RI-CLA tended to increase milk yield (1·8 kg/d) compared with HYPRO until MFD exceeded 35% (~day 21), after which point the positive milk yield response was eliminated. Milk fat trans-10, cis-12 CLA content averaged 0·25 g/100 g in the RI-CLA treatment, was temporally independent, and was undetectable in PAS and HYPRO treatments. Based on the milk fat 14[ratio ]1/14[ratio ]0 ratio, RI-CLA decreased the overall Δ9-desaturase system compared with PAS and HYPRO. Compared with HYPRO, RI-CLA had no effect on plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, or NEFA concentrations. Results indicate that a high RI-CLA dose decreases milk fat synthesis and tends to increase milk yield immediately post partum in pasture-fed cows; however, excessive MFD (>35%) appears to be associated with a diminished milk yield response.

scholarly journals Suplementasi Heit-Chrose pada Pakan Sapi Perah Pre-Partum Ditinjau dari Profil Darah dan Recovery Bobot Tubuh Post-Partum

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caribu Hadi Prayitno ◽  
Restuti Fitria ◽  
Muhamad Samsi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Organic Minerals

(Pre-partum supplementation of heit-chrose on post-partum blood profile and recovery of body weight of dairy cows)ABSTRACT. This study aimed to determine the profile of blood, metabolic enzymes and recovery of body weight in dairy cows fed diet supplemented with Heit-CHrose (Feed supplement containing saponins, allicin, organic mineral: Se, Cr, and Zn). The experiments were conducted with 4 treatments, R0 : control diet (CP 13,79% and TDN 67,2%), R1 : R0 supplemented with organic minerals (Cr 1,5 ppm; Se 0,3 ppm; Zn-Lyzinat 40 ppm), R2 : Ro supplemented with Heit-CHrose are given in the component feeding, and R3 : Ro supplemented with Heit-CHrose are given in total mixed ration (TMR). Data were tested using analysis of variance with a completely randomized design using four replications, and HSD test. The results showed that the supplementation of Heit-CHrose to the diet of dairy cows gave significant effect (P 0.01) on blood glucose and recovery of body weight, but had no effect (P 0.05) on hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein and blood cholesterol and metabolic enzyme (alkali phospatase). Supplementation of Heit Chrose in dairy cows diet with component feeding and TMR increases blood glucose and recovery of body weight.

scholarly journals Subclinical hypomagnesemia: Prevalence and causes in dairy cows in the semiarid region of the state of Paraíba, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cézar da SILVA ◽  
Beatriz Dantas FERNANDES ◽  
Jéssica Monique dos Santos LIMA ◽  
Bismark Alves da SILVA ◽  
Gilderlândio Pinheiro RODRIGUES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT In dairy farming, cows display important metabolic changes during the transition period, particularly high-production cows, which need nutrients in greater quantity to meet the required demand. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of subclinical hypomagnesemia in pre- and post-partum dairy cows inserted in milk-production systems in the Sousa microregion and the district of São João do Rio do Peixe, both in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. As such, visits were made every two weeks to 34 rural properties, where the team collected 357 blood samples by venepuncture, 106 from pre-partum lactating cows and 251 from lactating cows in the post-partum period. It was found that the properties supplied three types of mineral supplement: a single supplement of NaCl, a supplement of NaCl + mineral base, and a commercial supplement. The cows receiving the commercial mineral supplement had the highest prevalence (10.53%) of the disorder, even showing a significant difference (P < .05) between the other types of supplement. In relation to reproductive period, it was found that the post-partum cows had a higher prevalence of subclinical hypomagnesemia (9.96%) than did the pre-partem cows (8.49%); there was, however, no significant difference (P > .05) between the two. Studies such as this are fundamental for alerting rural and technical producers to the occurrence of subclinical hypomagnesemia in the region, in addition to the damage caused by metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Effects of a Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Performance, Energy Metabolism and Recovery from Calving in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Meyer ◽  
Susanne Ursula Daniels ◽  
Sandra Grindler ◽  
Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter ◽  
Mohamadtaher Alaedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
The Impact

Dairy cows are metabolically challenged during the transition period. Furthermore, the process of parturition represents an energy-consuming process. The degree of negative energy balance and recovery from calving also depends on the efficiency of mitochondrial energy generation. At this point, L-carnitine plays an important role for the transfer of fatty acids to the site of their mitochondrial utilisation. A control (n = 30) and an L-carnitine group (n = 29, 25 g rumen-protected L-carnitine per cow and day) were created and blood samples were taken from day 42 ante partum (ap) until day 110 post-partum (pp) to clarify the impact of L-carnitine supplementation on dairy cows, especially during the transition period and early puerperium. Blood and clinical parameters were recorded in high resolution from 0.5 h to 72 h pp. L-carnitine-supplemented cows had higher amounts of milk fat in early lactation and higher triacylglyceride concentrations in plasma ap, indicating increased efficiency of fat oxidation. However, neither recovery from calving nor energy balance and lipomobilisation were influenced by L-carnitine.

Effect of Fat and Protein Along with Polyherbal Preparation on Reproductive Health of Periparturient Karan Fries Cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma ◽  
S.S. Kundu ◽  
Hujaz Tariq ◽  
Veena Mani ◽  
Ruchi Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Karan Fries

Background: The term “transition” comprises the various important physiological, metabolic and nutritional changes in the productive cycle of the cattle. It influences lactation, nutritional status, postpartum diseases and reproductive performance of the animal. It is, therefore, important to elaborate various nutritional strategies in this phase for optimizing productivity and minimizing health problems. A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the influence of fat and protein along with indigenous traditional knowledge-based polyherbal preparation supplementation on reproductive and immune parameters of periparturient crossbred cows. Methods: Twenty-seven pregnant Karan Fries cows, in their last trimester were selected and divided into 3 treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) consisting of nine animals each, based on most probable production ability (MPPA; 3002 kg) and body weight (423 kg). Cows of groups T1 (control), T2 and T3 were given TMRs having 13.1, 13.1, 16.1% crude protein (CP) and 9.82, 9.82, 10.8 MJ/kg metabolizable energy (ME) respectively, during pre-partum period. Whereas, during post-partum period, cows were offered TMRs containing 14.0, 16.8, 16.8% CP and 10.2, 11.0, 11.0 (MJ/kg) ME, respectively. T2 and T3 groups were also supplemented with polyherbal preparation post-partum. Result: The results revealed that cows in T2 and T3 group had lower incidence of retained placenta, cervicitis, metritis and better conception rate than cows of control group. Also, dietary treatments facilitated early involution of pre gravid uterine horn (P less than 0.05). Plasma total immunoglobulins (mg/ml) concentration was found to be significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in T3 group followed by T2 group. Hence, it was concluded that increasing energy and protein levels along with polyherbal mixture supplementation during transition period reduced periparturient stress and improved reproductive performance of dairy cows.

Can Peripartum Plasma Profiles of Steroid Hormones, Metabolites and Minerals Predict Postpartum Fertility in Buffaloes?

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Dhami ◽  
R. M. Kalasariya ◽  
S. C. Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Profile

The plasma profile of various hormonal, biochemical and mineral constituents was studied in 32 buffaloes under nutritional management of transition period for 2 months before to 2 months postpartum. The buffaloes that expressed estrus and conceived within 120 days postpartum, irrespective of nutrient treatment or control groups, were classified as fertile (n=15) and rests as infertile (n=17) buffaloes. The variations in blood glucose and plasma profile of progesterone, estradiol, protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, Ca, P, Mg and trace minerals (Zn, Fe, Cu, Co, Mn), if any, on day 60, 30, 15 prepartum, on the day of calving, and on day 15, 30, 45 and 60 postpartum in postpartum conceiving and non-conceiving buffaloes were examined. There was no significant effect of fertile-infertile groups on plasma P4 and E2 profile on any day, except on day 45 postpartum, where E2 was (p less than 0.05) higher in fertile than infertile group (31.47±2.37 vs. 24.29±1.76 pg/ml), indicating early onset of follicular activity with ovulatory estrus in postpartum fertile group. The blood glucose and plasma protein profile also did not vary significantly at any of the intervals between two groups. Further, no significant difference in plasma cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations was found between conceived and non-conceived buffaloes at any of the intervals pre- or postpartum, except that the pooled mean cholesterol level was higher (P less than 0.05) in non-conceived than conceived buffaloes. The plasma concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium also did not reveal significant variation between fertile and infertile buffaloes at any of the intervals, though the magnesium value was higher in conceived than non-conceived buffaloes. Similarly, no significant difference was seen in the levels of plasma trace minerals, viz., Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu or Co between fertile and infertile buffaloes at any of the intervals studied. These nonsignificant variations noted between fertile and infertile buffaloes in blood profile could perhaps be due to masking effect of nutritional supplementation as the control group was also optimally managed by the farmers; hence the animals were pooled irrespective of groups for this comparison.

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