A Study on Speech Act of Apologies used by the Indian ESL Learners in Multicultural classes

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jamuna
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
First Year ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Esl Learners

Abstract The present study investigated the notion of polite and impolite apologies used by the Indian ESL learners. The participants were taken from two different categories, i.e., 60 Professional Course Students of B.Tech first year and 60 Post-graduate Management Course students of MBA. The respondentswere asked to respond to a discourse completion task (DCT) realizingthe0speech act of apology and the utteranceswere analyzed. First theapology strategies/patterns were analyzed based on Blum-Kulka?s CCSARPProject (1984). These patterns were regrouped by three language experts in terms of politeness on a five-point rating scale such as: (1) very impolite (2) impolite (3) partially polite (4) polite and (5) very polite. Politeness scores were studied to find significant differences (if any) existed among different groups of respondents classified based on the social variables such as age, gender and region (based on their mother tongue).

Kommunikationsprobleme Von "Near Native Speakern" Deutsch

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Erika Niehaus
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indirect Speech Act

Communication has at least two different aspects: the propositi-onal aspect and the social aspect. Any utterance in a face-to-face-interaction therefore has the function to give information and to indicate how the ralation to the other participant is interpreted. In order to establish his communicative goal, the speaker has to analyse the social situation and the preceding context. Depending on this interpretation he selects between the different verbal patterns to perform a certain speech act. This involves for instance the choice of direct/indirect speech act realizations, the selection of certain linguistic elements (modality markers) for downtoning or upgrading the illocutionary force of speech acts. The contrastive analysis of the realizations of the speech act REQUEST in three different dialogue batteries elicited via role play from Dutch learners of German, native speakers of Dutch and native speakers of German has shown 1. that Dutch native speakers use modality markers in different communicative functions than German native speakers, 2. that Dutch learners of German mostly choose the same social strategies when speaking the target language as they do when speaking the mother tongue, 3. that the learners are not always able to establish their modal goal, that is, the are not able to communicate their intentions on an interpersonal level. The reason for this seems to be that in the Netherlands the teaching of German as a second language is mainly a matter of teaching grammatical rules and linguistic expressions without taking into consideration that the meaning of these expressions is pragmaticalley conditioned and that their usage is motivated by the relevant characteris-tics of such social situations.

The refusal of request speech act in Persian, English, and Balouchi languages: A cross-cultural and cross-linguistic study

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Moafian ◽  
Naji Yazdi ◽  
Abdullah Sarani
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
Status Level

Abstract The study examined the realization of refusal of request speech act in Persian, English, and Balouchi languages. 219 individuals participated in the study. Discourse completion task was employed to elicit the participants’ refusals. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed the existence of statistically significant differences among the three groups of speakers concerning both the total frequencies and the frequencies of direct, indirect, and adjuncts to refusals strategies. Furthermore, concerning social status, no statistically significant differences were detected either for total number of strategies or for the number of strategies in main categories in each language, except for the indirect strategies among Persian speakers. In Persian language, with the increase in the interlocutors’ social status level, the increase in the number of indirect strategies was discerned. Likewise, the frequency differences of some semantic formulas were statistically significant regarding the social status in each language.

Social skills correlates of depressed mood in normal young adolescents

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Garland ◽  
Michael Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Young Adolescent ◽  
Self Report ◽  
First Year ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Deficit Model ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Social

AbstractObjective: To explore the relationship between social skills and depressive symptoms in a normal young adolescent population.Method: An all male group of 85 schoolchildren, in the first year of secondary school, completed self-report instruments to measure the constructs of depression and of social skills. The Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS) and the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY) were the instruments used.Result. Regression analysis of the factor scores on the MESSY and the total score on the DSRS revealed a significant, negative relationship. This was particularly so for the jealousy/withdrawal factor (Factor V) on the MESSY (f = 27.323; p < 0.001)Conclusion: The data provide support for the social skills deficit model of depression and indicate the possible role of fostering pro-social behaviours and promoting social skills enhancement in the vulnerable young adolescent.

scholarly journals Rater variation in the assessment of speech acts

Pragmatics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Efl Students

This study addresses variability among native speaker raters who evaluated pragmatic performance of learners of English as a foreign language. Using a five-point rating scale, four native English speakers of mixed cultural background (one African American, one Asian American, and two Australians) assessed the appropriateness of two types of speech acts (requests and opinions) produced by 48 Japanese EFL students. To explore norms and the reasoning behind the raters’ assessment practice, individual introspective verbal interviews were conducted. Eight students’ speech act productions (64 speech acts in total) were selected randomly, and the raters were asked to rate each speech act and then explain their rating decision. Interview data revealed similarities and differences in their use of pragmatic norms and social rules in evaluating appropriateness.

The study of the frequency of consumption and food preferences of students for products containing vitamin D

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
O.F. Aksonova ◽  
D.O. Torianyk ◽  
L.F. Pavlotska ◽  
A.O. Borysova
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Young People ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
First Year ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Point Rating Scale

ABSTRACT. A significant portion of vitamin D, which is essential for important processes of vital activity, a person gets from food. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of consumption by young males and females of foods containing vitamin D3. One hundred and two first-year students (females — 78.4 %, males — 21.6 % between the ages of 17 and 22) participated in the study voluntarily. Data collection was carried out by questioning. The frequency of consumption and food preferences for 22 products containing vitamin D were assessed. The evaluation was carried out on a 5-point rating scale. Statistical processing of the questionnaires was carried out using the SPSS program. The results are analyzed for approval of the points of the questionnaire. It turned out that the coefficient of Alpha Cronbach is 0,912 and 0,896 for consumption and food preferences respectively. This indicates a high consistency of the items on the questionnaire about the frequency of consumption and food preferences of foods rich in vitamin D. The consumption of foods rich in vitamin D is at a pain lower level than the respondents' desire to consume them. The reasons for low consumption may be price unavailability of the product. For some products, there is a very high difference of ratings, which indicates that the level of well-being of the respondent have a great influence on food preferences. Food preferences in this case, most likely, play a secondary role. The results obtained suggest that foods rich in vitamin D are not among the preferences of young people who took part in the study. It should be noted that, low intake of foods rich in vitamin D may also be related to the global trend. This fact is of concern because the lack of vitamin D in young people leads to negative consequences, including the emergence of diseases of various kinds. Key Words: vitamin D, first-year students, 5-point rating scale.

scholarly journals Clinicians’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Delirium Detection and Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 519-520
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shrestha ◽  
Erica Husser ◽  
Diane Berish ◽  
Long Ngo ◽  
Marie Boltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
High Level

Abstract Delirium is a serious and potentially life-threatening problem, but it remains clinically under-recognized. Various factors contribute to this under-recognition, including limited understanding of delirium, insufficient training and application of delirium assessments, potential stigma for the patient and increased workload for the clinician. As a part of an NIH funded study testing a rapid two-step delirium identification protocol at two hospitals in the U.S. (one urban and one rural), clinicians completed a 12-item survey to assess their knowledge and attitudes about delirium and their confidence in preventing and managing delirium. Survey response options followed a 5-point rating scale (strongly disagree, disagree, undecided, agree, strongly agree). The sample for this analysis included 399 clinicians (MDs=53; RNs=235; CNAs=111). Chi-square was used to test for group differences between clinician types. Less than half of the clinicians reported agreeing with the statement, “delirium is largely preventable” (MDs: 47%; RN: 44%; CNA: 41%, p-value=0.021). MDs and RNs indicated a high level of confidence in recognizing delirium while CNAs endorsed lower levels of confidence (MDs: 87%; RN: 81%; CNA: 65%, p-value=0.001). All types of clinicians reported lower confidence in managing delirium (MDs: 29%; RN: 36%; CNA: 44%, p-value=0.117). 47% of CNAs and 37% of RNs agreed there is a need for additional training in caring for persons with delirium while only 21% of MDs agreed (p = 0.031). Understanding how different types of clinicians think and feel about delirium will inform training and communication initiatives, clinical implementation, and research on best practices for delirium identification and management.

scholarly journals An exploratory study of the ways in which mothers keep their infants occupied

Curationis ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Botha ◽  
G. Cleaver
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Infant Research ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Mother Child Relationship

The mother child relationship can help or hinder the social, emotional and intellectual development of the infant. Research has shown that the interaction between mother and child can affect the child’s cognitive development. Research has shown that mothers from the lower socio-economic groups do not stimulate their babies optimally and that this may affect the children negatively. In this study 86 underprivileged mothers from two different cultural backgrounds were asked to describe the ways in which they kept their infants occupied during the first year of their infants’ lives. The differences between the two groups are discussed and recommendations are made.

Application of Psychometric Theory to the Measurement of Voice Quality Using Rating Scales

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Shrivastav ◽  
Christine M. Sapienza ◽  
Vuday Nandur
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Psychometric Theory ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Exact Agreement

Rating scales are commonly used to study voice quality. However, recent research has demonstrated that perceptual measures of voice quality obtained using rating scales suffer from poor interjudge agreement and reliability, especially in the midrange of the scale. These findings, along with those obtained using multidimensional scaling (MDS), have been interpreted to show that listeners perceive voice quality in an idiosyncratic manner. Based on psychometric theory, the present research explored an alternative explanation for the poor interlistener agreement observed in previous research. This approach suggests that poor agreement between listeners may result, in part, from measurement errors related to a variety of factors rather than true differences in the perception of voice quality. In this study, 10 listeners rated breathiness for 27 vowel stimuli using a 5-point rating scale. Each stimulus was presented to the listeners 10 times in random order. Interlistener agreement and reliability were calculated from these ratings. Agreement and reliability were observed to improve when multiple ratings of each stimulus from each listener were averaged and when standardized scores were used instead of absolute ratings. The probability of exact agreement was found to be approximately .9 when using averaged ratings and standardized scores. In contrast, the probability of exact agreement was only .4 when a single rating from each listener was used to measure agreement. These findings support the hypothesis that poor agreement reported in past research partly arises from errors in measurement rather than individual differences in the perception of voice quality.

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