scholarly journals Language Shift in Tamil Ethnics in Lubuk Pakam

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay - Khana ◽  
Berlin - Sibarani ◽  
Busmin - Gurning
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Social Success ◽  
The Status ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This research focused on language shift in Tamil Ethnics in Lubuk Pakam. It is aimed at finding out the process of language shift and the reason of the language is shift. The data were taken from the Tamil families living in Lubuk Pakam. This study was based on qualitative research. The subjects of the study were 72 Tamil people in Lubuk Pakam. The subjects were divided into two groups, namely intra marriage and inter marriage of Tamil people in Lubuk Pakam. Questionnaires and interviews were used to gain the data. The data were analyzed by using data collection, data reduction, data display and data verification. The findings show that there are five domains, which influence the process of language shift into Bahasa Indonesia of second and third generation in intra marriages and intermarriages of Tamil ethnics, namely family, friends, education, religion and employment. The status of Bahasa Indonesia as the official language and social success are the reasons for first generation of intra marriages and inter marriages Tamil ethnics shift into Indonesian language mean while in third generation the status of Bahasa Indonesia, social success and language use since child as the reason of Tamil ethnics shift into Bahasa Indonesia.Keywords: Language Shift, Domains, Tamil, Ethnics

Language Shift of the Javanese in Stabat

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliansyah Juliansyah ◽  
Amrin Saragih ◽  
Busmin Gurning
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Institutional Factor ◽  
Social Success ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This research addresses language shift of the Javanese in Stabat. It is aimed at finding out the factors influence language shift of Javanese, the pattern of the language shift, and the reasons of Javanese shift into Bahasa Indonesia. The data were obtained from the Javanese families living in Stabat. The study employs qualitative research design with a single case study to get the understanding on this study. The subjects of the study were 10 Javanese families in Stabat. The subjects were divided into two groups, namely parents and children. The reason for dividing the subjects into two groups is because language shift happens across the generation. Questionnaires and interview were used to gain the data. The data were analyzed by using data collection, data reduction, data display and data verification. The findings show that there are eight factors which influence Javanese shift into Bahasa Indonesia in Stabat, namely bilingualism, migration, economic, social, demographic and institutional factors, attitude, and lack of speaking competence. The dominant factor which affects the shift is the institutional factor. The analysis data indicates that the shift occurs in two patterns; in the pattern of relationship between parents and children, and the relationship among children. The status of Bahasa Indonesia as the official language and social success are the reasons for Javanese to shift into Indonesian language. Key words: shift, Javanese, bilingualism, attitude.

Language Use and Sustainable Development: Opportunities and Challenges for Policy-Makers and Educators in Northeast Vietnamese Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
Ha Ngan Ngo ◽  
Maya Khemlani David
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Wedding Songs

Vietnam represents a country with 54 ethnic groups; however, the majority (88%) of the population are of Vietnamese heritage. Some of the other ethnic groups such as Tay, Thai, Muong, Hoa, Khmer, and Nung have a population of around 1 million each, while the Brau, Roman, and Odu consist only of a hundred people each. Living in northern Vietnam, close to the Chinese border (see Figure 1), the Tay people speak a language of the    Central    Tai language group called Though, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di. Tay remains one of 10 ethnic languages used by 1 million speakers (Buoi, 2003). The Tày ethnic group has a rich culture of wedding songs, poems, dance, and music and celebrate various festivals. Wet rice cultivation, canal digging and grain threshing on wooden racks are part of the Tày traditions. Their villages situated near the foothills often bear the names of nearby mountains, rivers, or fields. This study discusses the status and role of the Tày language in Northeast Vietnam. It discusses factors, which have affected the habitual use of the Tay language, the connection between language shift and development and provides a model for the sustainability and promotion of minority languages. It remains fundamentally imperative to strengthen and to foster positive attitudes of the community towards the Tày language. Tày’s young people must be enlightened to the reality their Tày non-usage could render their mother tongue defunct, which means their history stands to be lost.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Supervisi Akademik Pengawas Sekolah di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Ngadirejan Kecamatan Pringkuku Kabupaten Pacitan

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Wiyono Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
School Superintendent ◽  
School Teaching ◽  
The Status ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
School Learning ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Using Data

The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the implementation of the regulatory supervision of the elementary school learning activities, and (2) to describe the implications of the implementation of the regulatory supervision of the elementary school learning activities. The place of research in SDN  Ngadirejan Pringkuku Pacitan. Collecting data using observations, interviews and documentation. Analysis using data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results showed that: (1) Implementation of the regulatory supervision of teaching in schools on SDN Ngadirejan are in three stages, the school superintendent supervision is based on collaboration with the principal; Problems faced by the school supervisor is supervising the status of rank, seniority and friendship.  (2) The implications of the effectiveness of the regulatory supervision of school on school teaching are the level of preparedness of the schools, the school is very positive perception that supervisors provide assistance, guidance, direction and experience of the teacher towards professionalism and very few negative perceptions, success are achieved after supervision is the existence of physical development for the better.

Language maintenance and language shift

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Rubino ◽  
Camilla Bettoni
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
The Impact

Patterns of language use by Sicilians and Venetians living in Sydney are here presented with particular attention to the maintenance of Italian and Dialect under the impact of widespread shift to English. Data gathered by questionnaire self-reporting are analysed according to four main variables: domain, linguistic generation, gender and region of origin. Results suggest that the original Italian diglossia between the High and the Low languages is well maintained, as Italian occupies the more public, formal and regionally heterogeneous space in the community, and Dialect the more private, informal and homogeneous one. Among the subjects’ variables, generation predictably accounts for the greatest variation, as both languages are used most by the first generation and least by the second. However, the original diglossia holds well also among the second generation. With regard to gender and region of origin, it would seem that, compared to men, women maintain both languages slightly better, and that, compared to men and Sicilians respectively, both women and Venetians maintain slightly better the original diglossia. We conclude that the position of Italian, although more limited, seems somewhat more solid than that of Dialect, and suggest some reasons for it.

A Chinese Australian family’s language use and attitudes

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-66
Author(s):  
Bo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Family Communication ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Family Language

Abstract This paper presents a qualitative case study of a Chinese Australian family’s multilingual experiences in Melbourne. Couched in the framework of family language policy, I examine language shift patterns and mother tongue attitudes and analyse reasons and consequences. The findings show that the first generation uses Mandarin for general family communication, while relegating regional Chinese to functions that are, typically, private and familial and for use with older generations. The second generation uses English the most. While their Mandarin use is enhanced through community-based schooling and can be activated depending on the communicative environment, regional Chinese does not play an active role. This nested, hierarchical ecology of language shift with two dominant language constellations causes parental confusion about the children’s mother tongue and problematises grandparent-grandchild communication with a possible decrease of family intimacy.

scholarly journals ANTARA ZAINICHI DAN PACHINKO: REPRESENTASI ZAINICHI KOREA DALAM NOVEL PACHINKO KARYA MIN JIN LEE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Febriani Elfida Trihtarani ◽  
M. Mahbubdin Ridha al Fasya ◽  
Nurussofa Yusticia ◽  
Nining Setyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Social Status ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
Opposite Tendency

Penelitian ini membahas representasi zainichi Korea dalam novel Pachinko karya Min Jin Lee. Terdapat beberapa kategori dari zainichi Korea dalam masyarakat Jepang, yaitu pluralis, nasionalis, individualis, dan asimilasionis. Generasi pertama dalam novel ini mendapatkan perlakuan tidak setara akibat etnis mereka yang menyebabkan mereka harus hidup di kawasan kumuh. Generasi kedua direpresentasikan oleh dua tokoh yang saling berkebalikan. Tokoh Noa memiliki keinginan untuk menjadi seorang “Jepang” yang pada akhirnya memilih jalan naturalisasi. Melalui jalan naturalisasi tokoh ini dapat dianggap sebagai seorang asimilasionis yang meninggalkan identitas etnisnya dan hidup sebagai seorang warga Jepang untuk mendapatkan status sosial yang setara. Tokoh Mozasu memiliki kecenderungan berkebalikan dengan Noa karena ia tidak memilih jalan naturalisasi dan tetap mempertahankan identitas aslinya sebagai orang Korea. Generasi ketiga masih mendapat ketidakpastian identitas meskipun mereka lahir dan besar di Jepang. Dengan pendidikan yang Solomon dapatkan, ia masih tetap dipandang sebelah mata dan masih dianggap tidak berada di posisi yang setara dengan orang Jepang. Bisnis pachinko yang selalu diasosiasikan dengan pendatang Korea adalah bisnis, yang ditekuni oleh masing-masing tokoh generasi kedua bahkan ketiga, menunjukkan bahwa status zainichi Korea tidak akan semudah itu berubah dan mereka akan tetap berada dalam posisi marjinal yang dipandang sebelah mata. Kata kunci: pachinko, zainichi, krisis identitas, Korea, Jepang This study discusses the representation of Korean zainichi in Pachinko novel by Min Jin Lee. There are several categories of Korean zainichi amongst Japanese society, which are pluralist, nationalist, individualist, and assimilationist. The first generation in this novel is treated unfairly because of their ethnicity which makes them live in slum area. The second generation is represented by two contradictive characters. The first character, Noa, wants to be Japanese, which leads him to choose the path of naturalization. Through naturalization, this character is regarded as an assimilationist who ignores his ethnic identity and lives as a Japanese citizen to obtain equal social status. Meanwhile, the second character, Mozasu has the opposite tendency of Noa’s. He does not choose the path of naturalization and tends to maintain his true identity as a Korean. The third generation is left uncertain about their identity, although they were born and grow up in Japan. With his background education, Solomon as a third-generation is still underestimated and considered unequal to Japanese people. The pachinko business, which is always being associated with Korean migrants, is a business occupied by each of the second and third generation characters, showing that the status of Korean zainichi will not change easily, and they will remain in marginal position and being underestimated. Keywords: pachinko, zainichi, identitiy crisis, Korea, Japan 

scholarly journals Die Afrikaanse letterkunde in ’n amptelik Engels-eentalige Suid-Afrika

Literator ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Van Coller ◽  
J. C. Steyn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Official Status

In this article the situation of Afrikaans literature in an officially English monolingual South Africa is discussed. The growth and decline of languages are influenced by so many factors and processes that it is impossible to predict precisely how loss of official status and the concomitant loss of important legal and conventional language rights presently enjoyed by Afrikaans speakers would affect Afrikaans. Nevertheless it is certain that at least three areas will be affected. Firstly, loss of recognition and the anglicization of tertiary education will bring about a decline in Afrikaans as a scientific language, resulting in a loss in diversity and the decay of certain registers. The anglicization of the electronic mass media will deprive Afrikaans of a crucial function of a modem language - serving its community as the medium of information and recreation. Vie role of radio and TV in providing an example of standard language use will disappear Secondly, with English the sole official language, it is very probable that a language shift from Afrikaans will take place, a major catastrophe for any language. A dwindling body of readers affects any literature or publishing industry directly. Thirdly: loss of status will have economic repercussions, making it increasingly difficult for the Afrikaans community to buy and for publishers to produce books.

scholarly journals COMPETITION OF JAVANESE AND INDONESIAN: A MIXED-METHODS APPROACH TO YOUNG MULTILINGUALS’ LANGUAGE CHOICE

LITERA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-360
Author(s):  
Erna Andriyanti ◽  
Mehdi Riazi
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Home School ◽  
National Language ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Parental Level ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Multilingualism differs from place to place, with different pressures and outcomes depending on each unique situation. In Indonesian context, an important factor is the status and over prestige afforded to the national language, posing a possible threat to local language vitality. This study reports the position of Javanese and Indonesian as parts of the language repertoire of young Yogyakartan multilinguals in three domains: home, school, and the street. A mixed-methods approach was used and the main data were collected through questionnaire and observations at ten participating high schools. The students’ survey was responded by 1,039 students. Their natural language use was recorded at school playground. Supporting data were collected from language teachers’ survey and interviews with school authorities. The findings show that Javanese and Indonesian still compete in the three domains but not in all sociolinguistic situations. The youths’ Javanese-Indonesian choice is mostly dependent on gender and parental level of education.Keywords: multilinguals, language domains, language choice, sociolinguistic study KOMPETISI BAHASA JAWA DAN BAHASA INDONESIA:PENDEKATAN MIXED-METHODS TERHADAPPILIHAN BAHASA ANAK MUDA MULTILINGUAL AbstrakMultilingualisme berbeda di satu tempat dari tempat lainnya, dengan penekanan dan hasil tergantung pada masing-masing situasi yang khas. Di dalam konteks Indonesia, faktor yang penting adalah status dan prestis yang disematkan untuk bahasa nasional, yang bisa mengancam vitalitas bahasa-bahasa daerah. Artikel ini mengkaji posisi bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bagian dari repertoar bahasa anak muda multilingual di Yogyakarta dengan fokus pada tiga domain: rumah, sekolah, dan jalan. Pendekatan mixed-methods digunakan dan data utama dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner and observasi di sepuluh sekolah menengah. Survei terhadap siswa melibatkan 1.039 responden dan perekaman percakapan natural siswa dilakukan di saat jam istirahat. Data penunjang bersumber pada survei guru dan wawancara dengan pihak otoritas sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Indonesia masih berimbang di ketiga domain tetapi tidak pada semua situasi sosiolinguistik. Pilihan bahasa oleh responden sebagian besar berkorelasi positif terhadap gender dan tingkat pendidikan orang tua. Keywords: multilingual, domain bahasa, pilihan bahasa, kajian sosiolinguistik

Lower domain language shift in Taiwan: The case of Southern Min

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chang Liu ◽  
Johan Gijsen ◽  
Chung-Ying Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Chinese Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Determinants ◽  
Southern Min ◽  
The Status

AbstractThis paper presents data from a quantitative survey based on 746 written questionnaires and 23 semi-structured interviews. The main purpose of the study was to measure Southern Min and Mandarin lower domain language use among a cross-section of Taiwan’s multilingual population. As organizing elements for our discussion of Taiwan’s current language situation, we made use of Sridhar’s notion of societal multilingualism as well as Ó Riagáin’s idea that the home is possibly the first domain to exhibit language shift. This study followed Ó Riagáin by focusing our research on lower domain language use as well as relevant political determinants. We investigated whether Southern Min speakers tend to prefer a Taiwanese rather than Chinese identity, and whether the Taiwanese link their language choice to age, gender, and region of origin. Political improvements in Taiwan for the past two decades did enable the Taiwanese to compete with the Mainlanders who moved to Taiwan and they now have a stronger case to promote the status of Southern Min and maintain it. Evidence of language shift was discovered: proficiency in Mandarin by the Taiwanese is increasing, while that in Southern Min is decreasing. It is predicted that this language shift will continue, but that the attitudes held by Taiwanese toward their ethnic identity might slow down such a process considerably.

English in Namibia

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Buschfeld ◽  
Alexander Kautzsch
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The Status ◽  
Private And Public

Even though Namibia was never under direct British rule, it has been a country with English as the de jure official language since 1990, the year of independence from South Africa. Surprisingly, the de facto role of English in Namibia has to date not been systematically and comprehensively investigated within the framework of World Englishes. This is a gap the present paper seeks to address. To this end, part one of our study provides insights drawn from a questionnaire-based inquiry into language use in the different domains of private and public life, questions of linguistic and cultural identity, as well as attitudes towards the different languages spoken in Namibia. Part two tentatively identifies some linguistic features on various linguistic levels as potential candidates for structural nativisation. Taken together, the overall results suggest an ongoing change of the status of English spoken in Namibia from English as a foreign language (EFL) to English as a second language (ESL).

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