scholarly journals Specialization of entrepreneurs in the production of goods and the provision of services in modern economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-C) ◽  
pp. 350-359
Author(s):  
Iuliia Pinkovetskaia ◽  
Natalya Schennikova ◽  
Liudmila Kryukova ◽  
Marina Bakanova ◽  
Ekaterina Ozhegova
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Normal Density ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽  
Industry Specialization ◽  
Normal Density Function ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
National Economies

The study of the sectoral characteristics of early-stage entrepreneurial activity is one of the topical issues in modern research. The aim of the study is to assess the existing level of specialization of nascent entrepreneurs in modern national economies. The source of information for the analysis of the industry specialization of nascent entrepreneurs was the data provided in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor project. The research methodology involved economics modeling with normal density function. The result of the computational experiment is the assessment of the indicator values characterizing the involvement of nascent entrepreneurs in the production and service sectors of national economies. A comparative analysis of the values of indicators for Russia and the foreign countries was carried out. It has been proved that nascent entrepreneurs in the countries under consideration are on average 4 times more likely to start activities in the service sector than in the commodity producing sector.

ASSESSMENT OF THE SECTORAL SPECIALIZATION OF EARLY ENTREPRENEURS: DATA FROM MODERN COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Yuliia S. Pinkovetskaia
Keyword(s):  
Business Development ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Industry Specialization ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Sectoral Policy

The relevance of the study of early entrepreneurship in modern national economies is determined by the increasing importance of entrepreneurs in both developed and developing countries. Entrepreneurs make a significant contribution to the economic growth, increasing gross domestic product, creating new jobs, and reducing poverty and social exclusion. Therefore, one of the main tasks of public administration bodies is to develop and implement measures that ensure an effective sectoral policy in the field of business development. The purpose of the study becomes the assessment of the current level of specialization of early entrepreneurs in modern national economies. In the course of the research, the following tasks were solved: determining the main sectors in which entrepreneurs create their business; forming an array of empirical data describing the specific weights of entrepreneurs specializing in the production of goods and services in the total number of early entrepreneurs by country; developing economic and mathematical models that characterize the two main sectors of specialization of early entrepreneurs. The source of information for assessing the industry specialization of start-up entrepreneurs became the data provided in the Global entrepreneurship monitoring project, based on the results of a survey of more than 2000 early entrepreneurs in each of the 50 countries. In the process of economic and mathematical modeling, the authors developed density functions of normal distribution. The result of the computational experiment was an assessment of the values of indicators that characterize the involvement of early entrepreneurs in the production and service sectors of national economies. As a result of the research, the average values and ranges of changes in indicators of industry specialization were established, and countries with high and low values of indicators were identified; a comparative analysis of the values of indicators for Russia and foreign countries is carried out; three hypotheses put forward during the research were confirmed. The obtained research results have a significant novelty and originality, they have a certain theoretical and applied value. The proposed indicators and their calculation models can be used in justifying business development programs by the government, regional and municipal authorities. The results of calculations are of interest to entrepreneurs, including beginners.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING OF CERTAIN TYPES OF ENTERPRISE IN THE FIELD OF SERVICES IN THE CONDITIONS OF QUARANTINE RESTRICTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3(88)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyna Borblik
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Service Market ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
State Financing ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of the functioning of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector. Difficult economic conditions have been identified for the functioning of certain types of business in the service sector associated with the consequences of the coronavirus disease COVID-19. An innovative approach is proposed (creation of an innovative product aimed at the external market) in shaping the development of the service sector, the transition to instruments of state financing of innovations – a system of public-private partnership. The features of the functioning of small and medium-sized enterprises in the provision of services in the context of a pandemic have been studied. The direction of business activity in the service sector is considered, an integrated approach is used in the field of business and marketing activities. The main functions of entrepreneurship in the service sector are determined. The current issues of the formation of the features of the service market during the period of COVID-19 quarantine restrictions are analyzed. The functional directions of resource provision of certain types of entrepreneurship have been substantiated and their separate influence on the service sector in a pandemic has been revealed. The analysis of indicators of the economic development of the service sector in the total volume of commercial enterprises, as well as an analysis of the low efficiency of services in the field of business in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The main problems and obstacles for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the provision of services under quarantine restrictions have been identified. According to the results of a survey of the business sector, the most profitable financial services were identified, which tend to increase economic indicators, which, in turn, will contribute to an increase in financial revenues to the country's budget. Trends in the development of entrepreneurial activity on the scale considered are identified and ways to increase the competitiveness of certain types of business in the service sector in the context of a pandemic are proposed.

scholarly journals Participation of Women and Men in Entrepreneurship in Various Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 4/2021 (94) ◽  
pp. 200-219
Author(s):  
Iuliia Pinkovetskaia ◽  
◽  
Anton Lebedev ◽  
Natalya Rokunova ◽  
Natalya Shamina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Sustainable Entrepreneurship ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Start Up ◽  
National Economies

Purpose: The paper is devoted to the actual problem of the existing differences in women’s and men’s entrepreneurship. The aim of the research is to assess the prevailing levels of women’s and men’s participation in entrepreneurial activity in modern national economies. Methodology: The study dealt with the problem of determining indicator values characterizing the early stage of entrepreneurship; mature (sustainable) entrepreneurship, as well as quitting business activities. The results of the surveys conducted in 59 countries throughout the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Project were used as initial information. Findings: In the course of the research, nine indicators characterizing such stages as start-up and sustainable entrepreneurship along with the cessation of this activity were examined. The study developed the functions that show the distribution of the indicators in 59 countries describing women’s and men’s proportions at three main stages of entrepreneurship. Research limitations: The study had limitations on empirical data due to the fact that only 59 countries were considered. Originality: The attained results have indicated that there is a gender gap among the indicators of entrepreneurship in most countries, which means that women participate in it to a smaller extent than men. The methodological approach to assessing gender differences in entrepreneurship presented in the article can be applied in further research.

scholarly journals Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Pakistan: The Regional Dimension

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Mahnoor Asif ◽  
Anum Ellahi
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ability ◽  
Startup Process ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzes entrepreneurial ability in Pakistan through a cross-sectional comparison of provinces and districts based on data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for 2010–12. The aim is twofold: to (i) identify individual and country-level factors that affect nascent and potential entrepreneurs and (ii) see how regional income levels and the degree of development affect entrepreneurship (of both the opportunity and necessity varieties), eventually contributing to innovation and economic growth. We investigate the effect of total early-stage entrepreneurial activity on entrepreneurial framework conditions at the regional level and then evaluate the impact of education, age, gender and entrepreneurial ability on potential entrepreneurs, nascent entrepreneurs and baby business owners to examine the entrepreneurial startup process.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Nascent Entrepreneurs’ Happiness Level in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosep Oktavianus Sitohang ◽  
Yoga Sasmita ◽  
Yudhie Andriyana ◽  
Gandhi Pawitan
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Happiness Level ◽  
Positive Effect

This study tried to analyze the factors that influence the happiness level of entrepreneurs in Indonesia especially the nascent entrepreneurs. The level of entrepreneurs’ happiness has a positive effect on the sustainability of their business. The research data are secondary data from 1,148 respondents who are included in the category of Total Early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) at Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) in 2013. The variables employed are motivation, perception and innovation and demographic variables (gender, education and income). Analyzer used is multiple linear regressions with dummy variable. From  the result, it is found that only the motivation, education level and level of income that significantly influence the level of happiness. The nascent entrepreneurs, who have motivation to start a business because of opportunity, have a higher level of happiness than necessity motivation due to necessity. The level of education and income are also proportional to the level of happiness, but the level of education gives greater influence to the level of happiness of nascent entrepreneurs in Indonesia.

A design contribution to the entrepreneurial experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan David ROLDAN ACEVEDO ◽  
Ida TELALBASIC
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
User Centric ◽  
Constant Growth

In recent history, different design approaches have been entering fields like management and strategy to improve product development and service delivery. Specifically, entrepreneurship has adopted a user-centric mindset in methodologies like the business canvas model and the value proposition canvas which increases the awareness of the users’ needs when developing solutions. What happens when a service design approach is used to understand the entrepreneurs’ experience through the creation of their startups? Recent literature suggests that entrepreneurial activity and success is conditioned by their local entrepreneurship ecosystem. This study investigates the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem of Medellín, Colombia - an ecosystem in constant growth but that lacks qualitative analysis. The sample consists of 12 entrepreneurs in early-stage phase. The data was gathered with two design research methods: Cultural Probes and Semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the information collected facilitated the development of 4 insights about the entrepreneurs and an experience map to visualise and interpret their journey to create a startup. The results of this study reflected the implications of the ecosystem, the explanation of the users’ perceptions and awareness and propose a set of ideas to the local government to improve the experience of undertaking a startup in Medellín.

The Service Sector in the Economy in Poland and European Union Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Walentyna Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Sector Theory ◽  
The Eu

The role of the service sector in the economy is increasing in the process of socio-economic development. This tendency has been confirmed and explained by the three-sector theory formulated by A.G.B. Fisher, C. Clark, and J. Fourastie. The main goal of the paper is to show development tendencies in service sectors in Poland and the EU countries and assess them in view of the three-sector theory. The share of the service sector in the total employment and in the total gross value added in the years 2005-2013/2014 will be analysed together with two sub-sectors including market and non-market services. The research shows that the share of the service sector in total employment and total gross value added has been recently increasing in Poland as well as in other EU countries, but there is a gap in this process between Poland and the most developed EU countries. Moreover, in Poland, the role of market services has been recently increasing much faster than the role of non-market services. 

scholarly journals Dynamic Capabilities and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: The Micro-Foundations of Regional Entrepreneurship

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip T. Roundy ◽  
Dutch Fayard
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Micro Foundations

In pursuit of the beneficial outcomes of entrepreneurship, governments and regional development organisations enact policies to stimulate entrepreneurial activity. A growing focus of policymakers in emerging and developed economies is the promotion of entrepreneurial ecosystems: the interconnected system of forces that generate and sustain regional entrepreneurship. Despite intense interest in entrepreneurial ecosystems, the topic is under-theorised. Studies draw attention to the positive effects of entrepreneurial ecosystems on the creation and functioning of early-stage ventures; however, the specific mechanisms through which ecosystems influence entrepreneurs are not clear. To address this issue, we build on dynamic capabilities theory to create a theoretical framework that identifies a set of forces through which ecosystems influence entrepreneurship. We propose that in vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems entrepreneurs are more able to sense, seize and reconfigure resources and opportunities. Our theory contributes to entrepreneurship research, has implications for policymakers and practitioners, and suggests directions for future studies.

scholarly journals Impact of unemployment and income on entrepreneurship in post-apartheid South Africa: 1994–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darma Mahadea ◽  
Irrshad Kaseeram
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
National Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Background: South Africa has made significant progress since the dawn of democracy in 1994. It registered positive economic growth rates and its real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increased from R42 849 in 1994 to over R56 000 in 2015. However, employment growth lagged behind GDP growth, resulting in rising unemployment. Aim and setting: Entrepreneurship brings together labour and capital in generating income, output and employment. According to South Africa’s National Development Plan, employment growth would come mainly from small-firm entrepreneurship and economic growth. Accordingly, this article investigates the impact unemployment and per capita income have on early stage total entrepreneurship activity (TEA) in South Africa, using data covering the 1994–2015 period. Methods: The methodology used is the dynamic least squares regression. The article tests the assertion that economic growth, proxied by real per capita GDP income, promotes entrepreneurship and that high unemployment forces necessity entrepreneurship. Results: The regression results indicate that per capita real GDP, which increases with economic growth, has a highly significant, positive impact on entrepreneurial activity, while unemployment has a weaker effect. A 1% rise in real per capita GDP results in a 0.16% rise in TEA entrepreneurship, and a 1% rise in unemployment is associated with a 0.25% rise in TEA. Conclusion: There seems to be a strong pull factor, from income growth to entrepreneurship and a reasonable push from unemployment to entrepreneurship, as individuals without employment are forced to self-employment as a necessity, survival mechanism. Overall, a long-run co-integrating relationship seems plausible between unemployment, income and entrepreneurship in South Africa.

scholarly journals Sectoral Analysis of Employment Intensity of Growth in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasaki Dauda ◽  
Omowumi Ajeigbe
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Sectoral Analysis ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
World Development

This study assessed employment intensity of growth (EIG) in the agriculture, industry and service sectors in Nigeria from 1991 to 2019 within the context of Okun’s theory/law. Data from the 2020 World Development Indicators were employed for analysis, using elasticity procedure after decomposing the scope into different periods and regimes. The findings showed negative EIG in the agriculture and industrial sectors while the service sector returned positive EIG. Therefore, government should invest significantly in the service sector while the agricultural sector should be mechanized to boost output and supply of raw materials to industries to enhance employment generation.

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