scholarly journals Sectoral determinants of sub-federal budget tax revenues: Russian case study

Equilibrium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Malkina ◽  
Rodion Balakin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Regional Inequality ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Inflation Factor

Research background: The research is based on the assumption that the sectoral structure of economy has a significant impact on the level and dynamics of sub-federal budget tax revenues. It distinguishes the following sectoral determinants of tax revenues in regions: the levels of tax return and tax absorption, inflation and economic growth in various economic activities. Purpose of the article: We aimed at assessment of contribution of economic activities and their determinants to the increase in tax revenues of sub-federal budgets of the Russian Federation in 2011–2015 compared to 2006–2010. Methods: Development of a four-factor additive-multiplicative model of the tax revenue formation in regions, application of the proportional and logarithm methods of factor analysis to assessment of contribution of various activities and their determinants to increase in tax revenues of sub-federal budgets, evaluation of inter-regional inequality of tax revenues growth based on the weighted coefficient of variation, and decomposition of this inequality using the A. Shorrocks technique. Findings & Value added: We identified activities that made the largest contribution to the increase in tax revenues of the Russian sub-federal budgets. We found that the inflation factor had a predominant positive effect on the growth of tax revenues, while the contribution of the economic growth factor was 4 times less; however, the situation in various activities differed significantly. Generally, changes of sectoral levels of tax return and tax absorption influenced negatively the regional tax revenues. In addition, they moved in opposite direction in the regions. Ultimately, the uneven change in tax returns and price levels in the mining and manufacturing activities of Russian regions made the greatest contribution to inter-regional inequality of the growth of sub-federal budgets tax revenues.

scholarly journals Potential Tax Reforms and Kuwait Economic Growth

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
K. Lawler ◽  
F. Ali Al-Sayegh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Oil Revenue ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to identify whether tax reforms are viable in Kuwait in order to create more government income from sources other than oil. The study examines the relationship between the changes in tax revenues, changes in oil revenue and changes in GDP in Kuwait using time series data from 1998 to 2015. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) is used to check for the existence of a unit root. The cointegration test is applied to test for long term relationships between variables using the General Least Square (GLS) method of estimation. The results of the tests find that the impact of changes in tax revenues on changes in the GDP of Kuwait is insignificant. Therefore, Kuwait’s government could rationally implement tax reforms to have incremental sources of income other than oil revenue. Moreover, it is argued that the government might consider implementing broad based consumption taxes and value added taxes into the tax structure Kuwait, and to invest the revenues from those taxes in productive policies, to induce long term economic growth.

scholarly journals The Shift-Share Method: An Instrument for Analyzing the Dynamics of Industry Structure of the Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Т. Ye. Trubnik ◽  
О. К. Mazurenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
Bank System ◽  
The Impact

The socio-economic events of the latest years and uncertainties in the vectors of development of the economic environment cause the need for robust statistical assessment. An important area of studies of the modern economy is determining the type of economic growth. The shift-share method is applied to determine the effect of the impact of national, industrial and regional factors on the dynamics of economic growth. The shares of effects (effects of the impact) caused by national economy trends, industry mix and region-specific factors are identified and analyzed. The position of economic activities in the industry mix of the Kyiv economy is analyzed and assessed by indicators of gross value added and number of employees with consideration to three components. The impact of each of them caused by the national factors, the established industry mix of the national economy and the internal competitiveness of a specific industry of the region are characterized. Factor decomposition of the change in the indicators caused by the national component, industry-specific and region-specific effects reveals that the overall growth in the gross value added by economic activity in Kyiv is to a large extent conditional on the effective industry policy and to the least extent on regional factors. However, the employment reduction in the Ukrainian capital was caused by the impact of national and industry factors, and was not compensated by the positive local effect. It is revealed that the stable flagship position is taken by financial and insurance activities, in spite of recent reforms in the bank sector with cleansing the bank system from ineffective and nontransparent entities. Kyiv remains to be the core center for concentration of financial services. The progressive growth in the construction market meets the needs of the megalopolis with its increasing population. The residents’ desire to expand the dwelling size and improve the living conditions helps improve business climate in the construction sector, increase its growth rates and share in the gross regional product (indirectly, through the gross value added).       The section “Information and telecommunications” stands steadily on the top positions. Its rapid development, as a signal of the digital economy, enables for momentary exchanges of information and services on the domestic and external market, thus creating favorable prospects.   The analysis of the composition of the problem group and the outsider group among the economic activities reveals the stable presence of manufacturing and social industries. Enterprises of the sections “Manufacturing”, “Supply of electricity, gas, steam and conditioned air”, “Supply of water, sanitation, treatment of wastes” have a stock of problems and system drawbacks; they suffer from lack of investment and innovation, they have no strong orientation on the challenges of modernity and market needs, which weakens the positions of the Ukrainian capitals’ economy as the industrial center. It is proposed to use the graphic method for illustrating the distribution of economic activities in Kyiv by quality characteristics of operation. The factors accelerating or hampering the development of economic activities in the region are determined. Recommendations on management decisions related with future operation of industries referred to as “leaders”, “regulars”, problematic industries and outsiders are given.

The Russian Tax System: A View from the Inside

2012 ◽  
pp. 116-132
Author(s):  
S. Sayfieva
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
System A ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Control Net ◽  
Over Time

The article considers the tax potential of the composition of GDP by type of primary incomes in 2000—2010 by main economic activities and branches of industry. The analysis has shown that the components of GDP, which decline (net income), comprise the basis of the tax system; meanwhile the proportion of the components, hardly covered by taxation (hidden salary), or those, which taxation is difficult to control (net mixed income), increases. The author comes to the conclusion that the proportion of the industry tax burden and the share of gross value added in GDP should be balanced. Otherwise, the tax system becomes ineffective. The analysis of the structure of industry tax revenues over time suggests a high differentiation of taxes on economic activities and industries.

scholarly journals Spatial-territorial factors of economic growth in the Russian Federation

R-Economy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Rustem R. Akhunov ◽  
◽  
Azat V. Yangirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Russian Federation

Relevance. In contemporary economic research, the study of the diversity of factors of national economic growth is gaining more and more significance, particularly with regard to the so-called 'spatial-territorial factors'. In contrast to the existing concepts of regional and spatial economy, the approach described in this paper is based on the hypothesis that it is possible to accelerate national economic growth. It can be done by stimulating extended economic reproduction on the subnational level, that is, on the level of relatively independent and self-contained spatial and administrative units such as regions of the Russian Federation, municipalities, agglomerations, etc. Research objective. The study aims to propose a decomposition of the economic growth rates in Russia by territorial units and to describe the spatial-territorial factors of national economic growth. Data and methods. To characterize the spatial-territorial factors, we used indices of the physical volume of gross regional product (GRP) and gross value added (GVA) in types of economic activities in Russian regions in percentage to the previous year for the period of 2013-2018. The types of economic activities were specified according to the Russian Classifier of Economic Activities of 2007 (OKVED) (Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community - NACE Rev. 1.1 (2013-2016)) and OKVED-2 (NACE Rev.2 (2017-2018)). Results. We estimated the contributions of Russian regions to national economic growth by analyzing the data on the key types of economic activities in a 6-year period (2013-2018). We also identified the regions which accounted for the largest losses in economic growth, on the one hand, and those which, on the other hand, acted as drivers of the country's economic development. Conclusion. There is a small number of regions lagging in terms of GRP and their influence on the national rates of economic growth is also insignificant. The general rates of GRP decline in a region are determined, first and foremost, by the sluggish growth in those types of economic activities that have the largest share in GRP. The number and share of the regions which demonstrate extended economic reproduction, that is, deliver at least 2% growth a year, are also quite small. These regions make up slightly more than 19% of the country's GRP. The largest group of regions comprises those regions that do not go beyond the simple reproduction (their growth rates are less than 2% a year), while their share in the country's GRP exceeds 74%. The so-called ‘heavyweights’ - regions accounting for the largest share in the country's total GRP - have the strongest effect on the national rates of economic growth, hindering it. It is the economic structure of these regions that has the biggest influence on the country's performance in such types of economic activities as wholesale and retail trade and maintenance and repair of motor vehicles. Sadly, it is in these sectors that the 'heavyweights' demonstrate the largest losses in GVA. As a result, these sectors suffer the most, which is bound to be reflected in the country's overall economic growth.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH TERHADAP PDRB KOTA MANADO

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacklien E. Sendow ◽  
Debby Ch. Rotinsulu ◽  
George M.V. Kawung
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Direct Expenditure

ABSTRAK Pembangunan merupakan suatu rangkaian proses perubahan menuju keadaan yang lebih baik dalam upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Salah satu indicator keberhasilan pembangunan diantaranya dilihat dari pertumbuhan ekonomi yang menunjukkan barang dan jasa yang dihasilkan suatu wilayah (Kurniawan, 2010). Dalam konteks wilayah, pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah pertambahan pendapatan masyarakat secara keseluruhan yang terjadi di wilayah tersebut, yaitu kenaikan seluruh nilai tambah (added value) yang terjadi (Tarigan, 2014). Pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan masalah perekonomian dalam jangka panjang, dan merupakan fenomena penting yang dialami dunia belakangan ini.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Belanja Langsung dan Belanja Tidak Langsung terhadap PDRB Kota Manado. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Data sekunder yang diperoleh dari BPS Kota Manado tahun 2005 – 2015. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan model regresi liner berganda dimana memiliki 2 variabel X dan 1 variabel Y. Hasil Analisis diketahui bahwa Alokasi Belanja Langsung berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap PDRB. Belanja langsung mengalami kenaikan maka PDRB akan ikut meningkat. Berbeda dengan Alokasi Belanja Tidak Langsung berrpengaruh negative atau tidak signifikan terhadap PDRB Kota Manado. Karena Belanja Tidak Langsung di dikeluarkan untuk pembiayaan dalam program dan kegiatan perekonomian melainlkan sebagai penunjang dalam meningkatkan hubungan baik Kota Manado dengan Investor ataupun dengan Kabupaten Kota yang lain. Kata Kunci: PDRB, Belanja Langsung, Belanja Tidak Langsung ABSTRACT             Development is a series of process of change towards a better situation in an effort to improve the welfare of the community. One indicator of the success of development is seen from the economic growth that shows goods and services produced by a region (Kurniawan, 2010). In the context of the region, economic growth is an increase in overall income of the community that occurs in the region, namely the increase in the added value (added value) that occurs (Tarigan, 2014). The higher economic growth of a region shows the increasing economic activity in the region. Economic growth is an economic problem in the long term, and is an important phenomenon experienced by the world lately. The process of economic growth is called Modern Economic Growth. This study aims to determine the influence of direct expenditure and indirect expenditure on the PDRB of Manado City. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from BPS Manado City in 2005 - 2015. The method of analysis used is quantitative analysis by using multiple linear regression model which has 2 variables X and 1 variable Y. The result of the analysis is known that Direct Expenditure Allocation has positive and significant effect to PDRB. The direct expenditure will increase and the PDRB will increase. In contrast to Indirect Cost Allocation has a negative or insignificant effect on PDRB of Manado City. Since Indirect Expenditure is issued for financing in programs and economic activities as a support to improve the good relationship of Manado City with Investor or with other Kota District. Keyword : PDRB, Direct Shopping, Indirect Shopping

scholarly journals The Impact of Taxation on Economic Growth: Case Study of OECD Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Macek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Corporate Taxation ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of individual types of taxes on the economic growth by utilizing regression analysis on the OECD countries for the period of 2000–2011. The impact of taxation is integrated into growth models by its impact on the individual growth variables, which are capital accumulation and investment, human capital and technology. The analysis in this paper is based on extended neoclassical growth model of Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992), and for the verification of relation between taxation and economic growth the panel regression method is used. The taxation rate itself is not approximated only by traditional tax quota, which is characteristic by many insufficiencies, but also by the alternative World Tax Index which combines hard and soft data. It is evident from the results of both analyses that corporate taxation followed by personal income taxes and social security contribution are the most harmful for economic growth. Concurrently, in case of the value added tax approximated by tax quota, the negative impact on economic growth was not confirmed, from which it can be concluded that tax quota, in this case as the indicator of taxation, fails. When utilizing World Tax Index, a negative relation between these two variables was confirmed, however, it was the least quantifiable. The impact of property taxes was statistically insignificant. Based on the analysis results it is evident that in effort to stimulate economic growth in OECD countries, economic-politic authorities should lower the corporate taxation and personal income taxes, and the loss of income tax revenues should be compensated by the growth of indirect tax revenues.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor Untuk Meningkatkan Penerimaan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-145
Author(s):  
Setiadi Alim Lim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
The Government

In the current era of the economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 virus pandemic, the performance of tax revenues worldwide is declining. Indonesia's tax revenues in 2020 experienced a significant decline, including Value Added Tax receipts which decreased by 14.89% compared to 2019. This study shows that in the current situation there are factors that support and hinder the increase in Value Added Tax revenues. Factors that support the increase in Value Added Tax revenue include: an increase in the fiscal deficit, a decrease in imports, a longstanding Value Added Tax, and the efficiency of tax administration by the government. Meanwhile, the factors that hindered the increase in Value Added Tax revenue were: negative Gross Domestic Product growth, decreased service consumption, decreased C-Value Added Tax efficiency. To increase the value added tax revenue, it is better not to increase the Value Added Tax rate, because most countries in ASEAN use a tariff of 10% or less, except in the Philippines where the rate is 12%. If the rate of Value Added Tax is still increased, the maximum is not more than 12%, and it is temporary in nature for now and will be returned to the original rate or lower after the economic crisis era has passed. Expansion of the object of Value Added Tax can be done, among others, by reducing goods and services that are exempt from the imposition of Value Added Tax, which are facilities freed, are not collected, and are borne by the government. If there is an expansion of the object of the imposition of Value Added Tax, then it should be done very selectively and not to be counterproductive by still giving exceptions to basic necessities that are needed by the community and services that have social objectives or based on international rules are exempt from being imposed. It is also hoped that the reduction in the number of exempt goods and services will not interfere with the economic activities of the community, let alone cause unrest in the  community. 

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF EXCISE TAXATION IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
Excise Taxation

Tax revenues are by far the most important source of revenue generation, and a well-functioning tax system is critical to successful economic performance. Various reforms have underlined that tax policy mismatch is one of the causes of the crisis in the country's economy. Taxes are divided according to their specific characteristics, so one of the defining features is how to collect them. Thus, depending on this, taxes are divided into direct, directly related to economic activities, and indirect, which are a premium to the price and are determined depending on the value added, turnover or sale of goods, works, services. The division of all taxes into direct and indirect taxes is of fundamental importance. With direct taxes, it is about specifying a person's ability to make tax payments, that is, taxing them directly. In the case of indirect taxes, they try to achieve the same goal in indirect ways and in another way: they tax the goods, including the amount of tax in the selling price, where it is paid directly by the consumer upon purchase. Excise taxes are one of the types of indirect taxes. The main reason for the widespread excise tax is the significant fiscal benefit of its application. Excise tax revenues represent a significant share in the structure of the state budget revenues, therefore, with proper organization of tax administration, excise taxes are the main source of high and stable revenues to each country's budget. In order to make a sound choice of directions for improving the mechanism of excise taxation, to strengthen the revenue base of the budget system of the country, to actively influence the state on socio-economic processes related to consumption of excisable products, further research on this issue is needed, as well as its improvement.

scholarly journals STRATEGY OF FORMATION OF REGIONAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES: ANALYSIS AND ELEMENTS OF FORMATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Nesterenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Market Incentives ◽  
Regional Economic Policy

The article identifies the need for structural change as a priority area of regional economic policy, which is determined not only by the level of accumulated research potential in the region, but also the depth of the economic challenges it faces. It is determined that the strongest incentives for socio-economic transformations arise in economically disadvantaged regions, especially in periods of global economic instability. The transition to building a new economic system in the regions is the most effective for overcoming their subsidies and weak dynamics of regional gross domestic product. The peculiarities of the formation of regional gross value added in Ukraine and the output of regional products and services in the basic prices of economic activities in the total area of the region were studied. The analysis showed that the existence of strong market incentives for innovation is an important factor in technological and economic progress. Such market incentives arise primarily as a result of increasing resource constraints (associated not only with a lack of resources, but also with rising prices for them), with the emergence of new aggressive competitors in the traditional for the country and its regions. Economic growth is really sustainable only when it is accompanied by a process of qualitative improvement in the structure of the economy. In this sense, only the economic growth that takes place simultaneously with the process of economic development is qualitative, sustainable and reflects the positive dynamics of the evolutionary development of the national economic system. It is proved that the manifestation of market incentives not only «pushes» national enterprises beyond the already mastered production and technological activities, makes the transition to innovation an important condition for their survival in the market, but also shows the direction of concentration and even joint efforts of all national actors to overcome them. It is proved that when forming a new, more progressive approach to regional development instead of the factor «investment» the main, dominant factor of economic growth is the factor «technological innovation» and this radically changes the whole paradigm of economic development of the region and the country as a whole.

THREATS TO ENSURE ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE FIELD OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Avgustina S. Yakovleva ◽  
Elena G. Lyubovtseva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover

Federal budget revenues from foreign economic activities have recently tended to decline. In the context of the coronavirus pandemic and increasing payments from the federal budget to support the most affected sectors of the economy and the population, the issues of ensuring sustainability of the income base become most pressing. Methods of statistical analysis were used to explore the topic of research. The article analyzes the dynamics and structure of revenues from foreign economic activity. Analysis of foreign trade turnover is carried out. The increasing role of value-added tax on goods imported into the country with a decrease in export customs duties is revealed. The illegal, including criminal, foreign economic activity causes significant damage to the national interests in the sphere of the economy, acting as one of the most serious threats to the economic security of Russia, as evidenced by the statistics of criminal cases initiated on customs offenses and the amount of additional accrued customs payments. The study concludes on the need to improve inter-country cooperation on customs issues to prevent possible threats to the economic security of the country.

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