KETERKAITAN JALUR KERETA API BATAVIA – CILACAP  DENGAN  SISTEM PERTAHANAN HINDIA BELANDA  DI PULAU JAWA  The Relation  between The Railway Routes of Batavia - Cilacap And The Defense System of Dutch Colonial Government in Java Island

Abstract: This research discusses the process of forming and developing of Pondol village in Manado as a location for exile along with the Dutch colonial government policy that placed exiles who came from several sultanates in Java in the Manado Residency during the 19th century. The discussion includes, first, the background of the exile of the Javanese aristocrats in Manado. Second, the process of establishing Pondol as a location for exile and its development during the XIX century, and third, the adaptations made by the exiles to adjust to their exile and the impact of their arrival on the Manado-Minahasa community. The historical method is used in this research, using colonial archives from the XIX century which are stored in the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia, and local sources, especially manuscripts stored by their descendants in Manado and Java. The findings in this study are; Kampung Pondol was formed due to the isolation of Kanjeng Ratu Sekar Kedaton and Pangeran Suryeng Ingalaga and some of his followers originated from political intrigue that occurred in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. Second, the reason why Kampung Pondol was chosen as the new location for exile by the Dutch colonial government for Javanese royal officials was different from the exile of other figures in Tondano and Tomohon. Third, the form of adaptation carried out by the exiles in Kampung Pondol Manado was marriage with women from Manado and relationships with Dutch people who lived around them.Keywords : Exile, Javanese Noble, Pondol Village, Adaptation. Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas tentang proses terbentuk dan perkembangan kampung Pondol di Manado sebagai lokasi pengasingan seiring dengan kebijakan pemerintah kolonial Belanda yang menempatkan para eksil yang berasal dari beberapa kesultanan di Jawa di Karesidenan Manado pada sepanjang abad 19. Pembahasannya meliputi; Pertama, Latar belakang pengasingan para bangsawan Jawa di Manado. Kedua, proses terbentuknya Pondol sebagai lokasi pengasingan dan perkembangannya selama abad XIX, dan Ketiga, adaptasi yang dilakukan para eksil untuk menyesuaikan diri di pengasingan serta dampak kedatangan mereka pada masyarakat Manado-Minahasa. Metode sejarah dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan mempergunakan sumber Arsip Kolonial kurun waktu abad ke XIX yang tersimpan di Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia, dan sumber lokal terutama manuskrip yang tersimpan oleh keturunannya di Manado dan Jawa. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah; Kampung Pondol terbentuk karena Pengasingan Kanjeng Ratu Sekar Kedaton dan Pangeran Suryeng ingalaga dan beberapa pengikutnya berawal dari intrik politik yang terjadi di Kesultanan Yogyakarta. Kedua, alasan Kampung Pondol dipilih sebagai lokasi baru pengasingan Pemerintah Kolonial Belanda bagi pembesar kerajaan Jawa yang berbeda lokasi dengan pengasingan tokoh-tokoh lainnya di Tondano dan Tomohon. Ketiga, bentuk adaptasi yang dilakukan oleh para eksil di Kampung Pondol Manado dilakukan pernikahan dengan wanita dari Manado dan relasi dengan orang-orang Belanda yang tinggal disekeliling mereka.Kata Kunci : Eksil, Bangsawan Jawa, Kampung Pondol, Adaptasi.

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Local Wisdom and National Integration in Indonesia: A Case Study of Inter-Religious Harmony amid Social and Political Upheaval in Bunga Bondar, South Tapanuli

Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration ◽

10.14710/jmsni.v3i1.4482 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Rosmaida Sinaga ◽

Flores Tanjung ◽

Yuri Nasution

Keyword(s):

Local Level ◽

The Political ◽

Social Changes ◽

Religious Groups ◽

National Integration ◽

Local Leadership ◽

Political Upheaval ◽

Colonial Government ◽

Dutch Colonial

This study emphasizes on inter-religious affairs happened in Bunga Bondar, South Tapanuli began to experience turmoil when thenational movement era started in 1908 and itstillhappens to present-day. The Dutch colonial government advocated for inter-religiousharmony at a local level. The policy was pursued by the the Dutch colonial government out offear that the Indonesian people would developa sense of unity and fraternityamong them, thereby intensifying thespirit of nationalism. The Dutch government’s concern eventuallycame true when the power of the Christian wingof the national movement cooperated with itsIslamic counterpart. Along with the political upheavalsand social changes experienced by the Indonesian people, the harmony between religious groups in various regions was affected. Despite migration, changes of central and local leadership, and the flow of modernization that took place, the dynamics of inter-religious harmony of the 1930s are still present today.The tradition, the spirit of harmony, leadership models, and the application of local wisdom are all the key to the survival of inter-religious harmony in Bunga Bondar, South Tapanuli, as findings in research that can be used as a guide or model to build national integrity.

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The Moving of Seaport from Labuhan Deli to Belawan in the Period of 1863-1942

Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.33258/birci.v3i4.1363 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 3308-3313

Author(s):

Suprayitno Suprayitno ◽

Ratna Ratna ◽

Rohani Rohani ◽

Ganie Ganie ◽

Handoko Handoko

Keyword(s):

Economic Condition ◽

Maritime History ◽

Dutch Government ◽

Historical Method ◽

Research Problems ◽

Loading And Unloading ◽

Colonial Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Sea Coast ◽

Dutch Colonial

Plantation economic growth has the impact on development in various aspects. One of them is shipping and trade development. Before the existence of plantations in East Sumatera, shipping and trade in Medan were centered at Labuhan Deli as a river-port. Since big ships could not sail on the river, it was considered not effective and efficient anymore. Therefore, the Dutch Colonial Government planned to build a seaport located on the sea coast so that loading and unloading would be easy to do, and they selected Belawan to be the new seaport. The research problems were how about the existence of Labuhan Deli by the policy of the Dutch Government on moving the seaport to Belawan and what was their reason for it, and how about shipping and trade business in Belawan. This research used archives and other writing materials from the period of the Dutch Colonial Government in Medan and used historical method. The objective of the research was to find out whether plantation economic condition could change various aspects, including shipping and trade at the time. The result of this research was expected to become the reference for the writing on advanced maritime history, particularly on seaport.

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MEMORIZING PROPAGANDA OF EQUALITY IN NGULANDARA AND KIRTI NDJOENJOENG DRADJAT, NOVELS OF BALAI POESTAKA (Mengingat Kembali Propaganda Kesetaraan dalam Novel-Novel Balai Poestaka, Ngulandara dan Kirti Ndjoenjoeng Dradjat)

Kandai ◽

10.26499/jk.v16i1.1410 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

Yohanes Adhi Satiyoko

Keyword(s):

Lower Class ◽

Point Of View ◽

Literary Works ◽

Colonial Era ◽

Sociological Approach ◽

Independence Era ◽

Colonial Government ◽

The Voice ◽

Dutch Colonial ◽

The Way

Equality of men is a great issue to maintain every country all the time. Indonesia is one of them which should struggle to maintain it so far. Fictional work is one of the aesthetical means to support it. The way of struggle can be memorized through the time of independence era in fictional works of Balai Poestaka publisher. Javanese language novels, Ngulandara and Kirti NdjoendjoengDradjat are two literary works published by BalaiPoestaka that were written in the dominance times of Balai Poestaka activities as commission for people’s reading in Dutch colonial era in Indonesia (Dutch Indies). Kepriyayian (nobility) was the theme of Ngulandara (1936) and Kirti NdjoendjoengDradjat(1924) novels. As seen from propaganda point of view, ideologically the portrayal of priyayi (nobleman) was analogy symbol of Dutch colonial government that ruled social system. Ngulandara and Kirti Njunjung Drajat showed a “struggle” through literary works as portrayed in wong cilik (Javanese: lower class people) who struggled against the existence of the authorities. The struggle emerged in the way of wong cilik behaved intellectually, morally, even mannerly better than the nobles (priyayi). This research used the theory of literature and propaganda using a sociological approach. Those oppositional relationships between deconstruction nobles and the raise of wong cilik in the field of intellectual, moral, and manner show the propaganda of equality of men through the voice of Jasawidagdo and Margana Djajaatmadja.Kesetaraan manusia merupakan isu besar yang harus selalu dijaga di setiap negara. Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang harus tetap berjuang menjaga isu tersebut. Karya fiksi berfungsi sebagai salah satu peranti estetis untuk mendukung isu tersebut. Cara memperjuangkan isu tersebut ialah dengan mengingat kembali masa kemerdekaan melalui penerbit Balai Poestaka. Novel-novel berbahasa Jawa, Ngulandara dan Kirti Ndjoendjoeng Dradjat ialah dua karya sastra yang diterbitkan oleh Balai Poestaka yang ditulis pada waktu dominasi Balai Poestaka sebagai komisi bacaan rakyat di era kolonial Belanda di Indonesia (Hindia Belanda). Kepriyayian merupakan tema novel Ngulandara (1936) dan Kirti Njoendjoeng Dradjat (1924). Dilihat dari sudut pandang propaganda, penggambaran priyayi merupakan analogi simbol pemerintah kolonial Belanda yang berkuasa mengatur sistem sosial kemasyarakatan. Ngulandara dan Kirti Ndjoendjoeng Dradjat menunjukkan sebuah “perjuangan” melalui karya sastra seperti digambarkan melalui wong cilik yang berjuang melawan kemapanan penguasa. Perjuangan tersebut muncul dengan cara wong cilik tersebut bertindak secara intelektual, bermoral, bahkan bersikap lebih terhormat daripada para priyayi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori sastra dan propaganda dengan pendekatan sosiologi. Relasi oposisional antara dekonstruksi priyayi dan bangkitnya wong cilik dalam ranah intelektual, moral, dan sikap menunjukkan propaganda kesetaraan manusia melalui suara Jasawidagdo dan Margana Djajaatmadja.

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The Politics of Civilizing the Colony: Haji Hasan Mustapa’s Malay Guidebook on the Etiquette for Acehnese People towards the Dutch in the Netherland East Indies

Journal of Asian Social Science Research ◽

10.15575/jassr.v2i2.21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 191-218

Author(s):

Jajang A. Rohmana

Keyword(s):

East Indies ◽

Its Analysis ◽

And Behavior ◽

Colonial Government ◽

Dutch People ◽

Dutch Colonial

This article examines how the Dutch colonial government in the Netherland East Indies attempted to civilize its colony through the work on etiquette. It focuses its analysis on the Malay manuscript of Haji Hasan Mustapa on the code of polite behavior for Acehnese in dealing with the Dutch people, Kehormatan kepada Orang Belanda (Cod. Or. 18.097 S9). Hasan Mustapa wrote his work when he served as Chief-Penghulu of Kutaraja, Aceh (1893-1895) and sent it to C. Snouck Hurgronje in Batavia. He wrote the book at the request of Teuku Umar, an Acehnese patriot who used to collaborate with the Dutch authorities. Using a philological analysis, this study suggests that the Dutch authority utilized the native officials to write the etiquette guidebook on speaking and behavior to civilize Acehnese people. Hasan Mustapa’s work on etiquette shows that he played an important role in maintaining the Dutch honor and bridging the interests of the Dutch colonial government in its colony, the Netherland East Indies.

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The Taman Siswa Movement — Its Early Eight Years and Javanese Background

Journal of Southeast Asian Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022463400017306 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 164-177

Author(s):

Kenji Tsuchiya

Keyword(s):

Communist Party ◽

Private School ◽

Labor Union ◽

The Political ◽

Political Climate ◽

Central Java ◽

Union Movement ◽

Colonial Government ◽

Dutch Colonial

In July 1922 a small private school called Nationale Onderwijs Instituut Taman Siswa was born quietly at a traditional town Yogyakarta in Central Java. Taman Siswa means literally “Garden for Pupils”. Nobody expected then that this pupils' garden would become a tough ground of resistance to the Dutch colonial Government later in the 1930's. The political climate in Indonesia around 1922 was showing a remarkable uprising of nationalism centering around the labor union movement guided by the Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI, Indonesian Communist Party) and Sarekat Islam (Islam Union).

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THE IMPROVEMENT OF KAMPONG AS AN INSTRUMENT TO MITIGATE FLOODS IN SURABAYA

Jurnal Humaniora ◽

10.22146/jh.v27i3.10621 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 317

Author(s):

Sarkawi B. Husain

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Significant Contribution ◽

Residential Area ◽

Improvement Project ◽

Colonial Government ◽

The City ◽

Dutch Colonial

The improvement of kampong –a residential area Inhabited mostly by thelower classin a town or city - was one of the efforts to prevent flood in the city of Surabaya. The effortwas not only related to its contribution to minimize the flood butit also hadmany aspects. The serious attention to kampong improvement from the Dutch colonial government only appeared in the second decade of the 20th century. When the city of Surabaya wasoccupied byJapanese troopsfrom March 8th, 1942 untill the independence revolution, the attention tothe kampong improvementstopped and many kampongs were destroyed bythe war. An effort to restore them resumed in 1950s when everything retuned to normal. To intensify the program of kampong improvement, the W.R. Supratman projectwas launched following the establishment of Kampong Improvement Project (KIP). One of the criteria to determine a kampong that needed to be restored is whether itwas always flooded or not. Nevertheless, the kampong improvementdidnot really solve the flood problem thoroughly. However, anevaluation shows that this project has madea significant contribution to minimizing the flood in the city of Surabaya.

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HEGEMONY OF DUTCH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT AGAINST THE EXISTENCE OF MINANGKABAU ANCIENT MANUSCRIPTS WITH ARABIC-MALAY

Komposisi Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Sastra dan Seni ◽

10.24036/komposisi.v16i1.8047 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Yona Primadesi

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Education System ◽

Traditional Education ◽

Value Of Life ◽

The People ◽

Ancient Manuscripts ◽

Colonial Government ◽

Dutch Colonial

HEGEMONI PEMERINTAH KOLONIAL BELANDA TERHADAP KEBERADAAN NASKAH-NASKAH KUNO MINANGKABAU BERAKSARA ARAB-MELAYUAbstractFar before the Netherland colonial came to Indonesia, Indonesian people is a very eductead people. Proves with the development of traditional education that use local font in the whole country, on of them is Minangkabau. Local font of Minangkabau is the adaptation of Arabian font along with the culture of the people there that is brought by the Arabia merchants, and well known with Arab-Melayu font or Arab without marker. Arab-Melayu font is thaught in the traditional Minangkabau education system through mosque. Besides, Arab-Melayu fontis the background of toward the existence of some texts which contains the value of life of Miangkabau people at that time. However, the existence of Arab-Melayu font try to move, especially when the Netherland colonial try to authorize by introducing latin font to Minangkabau people. The hegemony of latin font cause the degradation of Arab-Melayu font, that implicates to the dissapear of some texts like some scripts or memory that is saved in the old Minangkabau people’s mind. Other than that, the hegemony of politics that is offered by The Netherland’s government caused many Minangkabau scripts become not appropriate to be published and also most of the scripts is voluntary given to the Netherland’s government or as a gift. Key Words: Minangkabau scripts, The Netherland’s colonial, hegemony, local fontAbstrakJauh sebelum penjajah Belanda datang ke Indonesia, orang Indonesia adalah orang yang sangat edukatif. Terbukti dengan berkembangnya pendidikan tradisional yang menggunakan aksara lokal di seluruh negeri, di antaranya adalah Minangkabau. Aksara lokal Minangkabau adalah adaptasi dari aksara Arab bersama dengan budaya orang-orang di sana yang dibawa oleh para pedagang Arabia, dan terkenal dengan aksara Arab-Melayu atau Arab gundul. Aksara Arab-Melayu masuk dalam sistem pendidikan tradisional Minangkabau melalui masjid. Selain itu, aksara Arab-Melayu merupakan latar belakang adanya beberapa teks yang berisi nilai kehidupan orang-orang Minangkabau saat itu. Namun, keberadaan aksara Arab-Melayu mencoba terdesak, terutama saat penjajah Belanda mengenalkan aksara latin kepada masyarakat Minangkabau. Hegemoni aksara latin menyebabkan degradasi aksara Arab-Melayu, yang berimplikasi pada menghilangnya beberapa teks seperti beberapa skrip atau memori yang tersimpan dalam pikiran orang Minangkabau tua. Selain itu, hegemoni politik yang ditawarkan oleh pemerintah Belanda menyebabkan banyak naskah Minangkabau tidak sesuai untuk diterbitkan dan juga sebagian besar skripnya secara sukarela diberikan kepada pemerintah Belanda atau sebagai hadiah.Kata kunci: Skrip Minangkabau, hegemoni kolonial Belanda, aksara lokal

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Tarekat Naqsabandiyah di Indonesia Abad 19 dari Ortodoksi ke Politisasi

Intizar ◽

10.19109/intizar.v22i2.943 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 297

Author(s):

Muhammad Noupal

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Muslim Community ◽

Harsh Criticism ◽

Almost All ◽

Colonial Government ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Dutch Colonial

Setidaknya ada beberapa hal penting dalam tulisan ini; pertama, perkembangan tarekat Naqsabandiyah pada abad 19 terjadi secara luas. Tidak hanya di Indonesia tetapi di hampir seluruh wilayah muslim. Hal ini disebabkan karena dominasi faham wujudiyah (tasawuf falsafi) yang melekat pada tarekat Syattariyah mulai ditinggalkan oleh masyarakat muslim akibat serangan gencar kaum tradisionalis (tasawuf sunni). Proses peralihan dalam kurun ini menyebabkan tarekat Naqsabandiyah menjadi diminati. Kedua, kritik pedas kaum tradisionalis juga dilakukan oleh para ulama fikih kepada bid’ah tarekat. Kesesuaian dengan al-Quran dan sunnah seperti yang menjadi landasan tasawuf sunni akhirnya membuat tarekat Naqsabandiyah (dan terekat non faham wujudiyah) diminati oleh masyarakat muslim. Ketiga, kekhawatiran pemerintah kolonial Belanda terhadap tarekat, terutama Naqsabandiyah saat itu, diarahkan kepada tarekat dalam arti politik, termasuk di dalamnya gerakan Pan-Islamisme. Tetapi sepanjang tidak berpolitik, pihak konial tidak membatasi tarekat.At least there are some important things in this article; First, the development of widespread Naqsabandiyah congregation in the 19th century. It happens not only in Indonesia but also in almost all Muslim lands. This is due to the dominance of ideology Wujudiyah (Sufism philosophical) attached to Syattariyah congregation begins to be abandoned by the Muslim community as a result of the onslaught of the traditionalists (Sufism of Sunni). The process of transition in this period leads Naqsabandiyah to be desirable. Second, harsh criticism of the traditionalists is also done by the jurists to heretical congregation. Compliance with the Quran and the Sunnah as the basis of Sufism Sunni finally made Naqsabandiyah congregation (and congregation of non wujudiyah’s thought) demand by the Muslim community. Thirdly, the Dutch colonial government fears the congregation, especially Naqsabandiyah. Then, it is directed to the congregation in a political sense, including the movement of Pan-Islamism. But as long as there are no politics, colonial party does not restrict the congregation.

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Akses Pendidikan bagi Pribumi pada Periode Etis (1901-1930)

Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah ◽

10.21009/jps.082.03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 122-147

Author(s):

Muhammad Fakhriansyah ◽

Intan Ranti Permatasari Patoni

Keyword(s):

Indigenous People ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Access To Education ◽

East Indies ◽

Historical Method ◽

Ethical Policy ◽

Dutch East Indies ◽

The One ◽

Colonial Government ◽

Dutch Colonial

This article examines the dynamics of the indigenous people of the Dutch East Indies' access to education during the Dutch Etichal Policy period. Considering that, the Netherlands was the longest-running country exploiting the Indies, the country was obliged to bear the burden of reciprocation on their colony. The burden of reciprocity was realised through an Ethical Policy that has three programs. They are irrigation, transmigration, and education. Of the three, Education was the program that had major impacts on the Indonesian national movement. This research used historical method. The result of this research showed us that although education had succeeded in undermining the Dutch colonial domination, the education during the Dutch Etichal Policy period was not fully given as a whole by the colonial government. Instead, it was very limited. The Dutch colonial policies, especially the one concerning education were driven by their interest of economic benefits for themselves over the improvement of the indigenous people of the Dutch East Indies' welfare. Artikel ini membahas mengenai dinamika akses pendidikan bagi pribumi saat berlangsungya Politik Etis. Seperti yang diketahui, Belanda sebagai negara yang terlama mengeksploitasi Hindia Belanda membuat negara tersebut menanggung beban balas budi terhadap koloninya. Beban balas budi tersebut terwujud melalui program Politik Etis yang memiliki tiga program, yakni irigasi, transmigrasi, dan edukasi. Dari ketiga itu, pendidikan merupakan salah satu program Politik Etis dan salah satu program yang memiliki dampak besar bagi pergerakan nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis dengan analisis studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan meskipun pendidikan berhasil meruntuhkan dominasi kolonial, pendidikan saat periode Etis pun tidak serta merta langsung diberikan begitu saja oleh pemerintah kolonial meskipun tujuan Politik Etis adalah balas budi, pemberian pendidikan diberikan secara serba terbatas. Kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah kolonial, khususnya di bidang pendidikan didorong oleh kepentingan keuntungan ekonomi bagi mereka sendiri alih-alih oleh motif untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat setempat.

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