scholarly journals Perbedaan perilaku lansia sebelum dan sesudah diberikan instruksi pembersihan gigi tiruan lengkap secara lisan dan tulisanDifferences in the behaviour of the elderly before and after educated with verbal and non-verbal complete denture cleaning instructions

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Niko Falatehan ◽  
Nikita Theodorus
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Verbal Instructions ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Behaviour Changes

Pendahuluan: Lansia adalah kelompok masyarakat berusia di atas 60 tahun dan mengalami proses penuaan seperti perubahan fisik, kognitif, psikososial, maupun rongga mulut. Salah satu perubahan rongga mulut yang terjadi adalah kehilangan seluruh gigi yang dapat ditatalaksana dengan menggunakan Gigi Tiruan Lengkap (GTL) yang berfungsi untuk memperbaiki fungsi estetik, fonetik, dan mastikasi. Salah satu faktor penting dalam menjaga kebersihan GTL yaitu pemberian instruksi secara lisan dan tulisan untuk membentuk perilaku pasien ke arah yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan perilaku lansia sebelum dan sesudah diberikan instruksi pembersihan GTL secara lisan dan tulisan. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pre and post test menggunakan kuesioner berisikan 15 pertanyaan dan total responden sebanyak 25 lansia di Panti Wredha Wisma Mulia dengan 16 wanita dan 9 pria. Pengambilan data dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali pertemuan dengan individu yang sama yaitu hari pertama kunjungan dan 2 minggu setelah kunjungan pertama. Perilaku lansia dinilai dari kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank. Hasil: Perilaku awal pasien GTL lansia termasuk kategori buruk dan mengalami peningkatan ke kategori baik setelah diberikan instruksi lisan dan tulisan berupa leaflet dengan nilai uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank didapatkan nilai p=0,000. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan perilaku lansia sebelum dan sesudah pemberian instruksi instruksi lisan dan tulisan dalam bentuk leaflet pembersihan gigi tiruan lengkap, dimana perilaku pasien berubah ke arah yang lebih baik yang dinilai dari data sebelum dan sesudah diberikan. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Elderly are a group of people aged over 60 years and experiencing the ageing process in the physical, cognitive, psychosocial, and oral aspects. One of the changes in the oral cavity is teeth loss, which can be managed using a complete denture to improve aesthetic, phonetic, and masticatory functions. One of the essential factors in maintaining complete denture hygiene is delivering proper verbal and non-verbal instructions to improve the patient’s behaviour. This study was aimed to analyse the differences in the behaviour of the elderly before and after educated with verbal and non-verbal complete denture cleaning instructions. Methods: Experimental research with a one group pre- and post-test design using a questionnaire containing 15 questions was conducted towards 25 elderly respondents in Wisma Mulia Nursing Home, 16 females and 9 males. Data collection was carried out in 2 meetings with the same individual—the first day of the visit and two weeks after. The behaviour of the elderly was assessed from a questionnaire and analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Results: The initial behaviour of the elderly with complete denture was in the poor category and increased to the good category after being educated with verbal and non-verbal instructions in the form of leaflets with a Wilcoxon Signed Rank test value, p=0.000. Conclusions: There are differences in the behaviour of the elderly before and after being educated with verbal and non-verbal instructions in the form of complete denture cleaning leaflets, where the patient’s behaviour changes for the better, which is assessed from the data before and after education.

Efektifitas Kompres Jahe Merah Hangat Dan Kompres Serai Terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Arthritis Remathoid Pada Lanjut Usia Di Desa Mojoranu Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferawato Ferawati
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Red Ginger

ABSTRAKReumatoid Artritis (RA) merupakan penyakit muscoloskelektal yang sering terjadi pada usia lanjut. Gangguan pada system muscoloskelektal yang ditandai dengan munculnya nyeri sendi dan kekakuan yang mengakibatkan penurunan kemampuan fisiologis atau kualitas hidup lansia. Dampak dari Reumatoid Artritis dapat menimbulkan beberapa keluhan dan dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan. Untuk menganalisis efektifitas kompres jahe merah hangat dan kompres serai hangat terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri artitris remauthoid pada lanjut usia.Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian adalah quasy experimental dengan two group pre – post test design. Subjek adalah sebagian lansia yang penderita Arthritis Remathoid di Desa Sumberagung Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok I (n=15) diberi perlakuan kompres jahe hangat dan II (n=15) diberi perlakuan kompres serai hangat. Analisis yang digunakan uji Mann Whitney U Test dan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test dengan ingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05.Hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, didapat keduanya mempunyai nilai kemaknaan yaitu ρ value = 0,000. Nilai ρ = 0,031 pada kelompok kompres serai hangat dan kelompok kompres jahe merah ρ value = 0,165. Hasil uji Mann Withney U Test pada Post perlakuan kedua terapi diperoleh selisih nilai nyeri pada kompres jahe ρ= 0,003 dan selisih nilai nyeri kompres serai ρ value = 0,001.Penggunaan kompres jahe merah lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan kompres serai terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri arthritis remathoid. Kata Kunci: usia lanjut, Reumatoid Artritis (RA), jahe merah, serai, perbedaan efektifitas.    ABSTRACTReumatoid Artritis (RA) is a musculoskeletal which frequently occurs in the elderly. The disorders in the musculoskeletal system are noted by the occurrence of pain in the joints and stiffness which reduces the physiological abilities or life quality of the elderly. The disease causes many such complaints and  consequences of the disease rheumatoid arthritis may experience paralysis. The aims of this study is to analyze the effect of warm red ginger compress therapy and warm lemongrass compress therapy against of  Decreased pain intensity in  the elderly  with  artitris remauthoid. The study was Queasy experimental with two group pre – post test design. Subjects were some elderly people with Arthritis Remathoid in Sumberagung Village, Dander Sub District, Bojonegoro District. Subjects were divided into two groups: group I (n-15) with warm ginger compress therapy, and II (n=15) with warm lemongrass compress therapy. The analyses used in this study were the Mann Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test with α of 0.05. Results of Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test obtained Both have meaning p value of  0.000. ρ value = 0,031 in a warm lemongrass compress therapy group and obtained of warm ginger compress therapy group ρ value = 0,165. The results of Mann Withney U Test on Post treatment second therapy, obtained difference of warm ginger compress therapy with ρ value= 0,003 and difference of warm lemongrass compress therapy with ρ value = 0,001.The use of warm ginger compresses therapy are more effective than a warm lemongrass compress therapy against decreased pain intensity in  the elderly  with  artitris remauthoid.  Keywords: elderly, artitris remauthoid, red ginger, lemongrass, differences in effectiveness

scholarly journals PENAMBAHAN LATIHAN CORE STABILITY PADA PROGRAM PELATIHAN ATLET DAYUNG UNTUK PENINGKATAN KECEPATAN MENDAYUNG

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyno Aryo Christanto ◽  
N. Adiputra ◽  
S. Indra Lesmana ◽  
Dw P. Sutjana ◽  
Made Muliarta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Generally, core stability exercise as a training program is needed in almost kind of sport including paddle, analysis of movement in any kind of paddle sport such as kayak, canoe, or even rowing have been showed that the activity of core stability muscles are really needed. Purpose: purpose of this research is to know the effectivity of core stability exercise replenishment to increase sculling speed in paddle training program. Methods: This research is experimental with treatment by subject design project, involving 15 paddle athletes which divided into two groups and consists of II periods which are, Period I and Period II. In the 1st period, the athletes were given extra core stability exercise along with their normal paddling routine mean while in the 2nd period, the athletes only doing their normal paddling routine. Each period do the trial in 6 weeks, so this reseach took 12 weeks. In 1st period, the subjects were given extra core stability training 3 times a week along with their normal paddling routine where as subjects in period II only do their normal paddling routine. Results: The used of parametric paired t test is to know the difference of sculling speed before and after the trials were given. To period I pre test value is 3.80 ± 0.26 meters/second while the post test value is 4.06 ± 0.41 meters/second and the value 0.001 (p<0.05)mean while the 2nd period use Wilcoxon signed rank test to know the difference of sculling speed between before and after the trial were given resulting pre test value 3.80 ± 0.22 meters/second and post test value 3.91 ± 0.27 meters/second while the p value is 0.004 (p<0.05). After 12 weeks of sculling speed test between both period using Wilcoxon signed rank test and resulting obvions with period I value 0.26 ± 0.20 meters/second and period II value is 0.11 ± 0.12 meters/second along with p value 0.001 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, based on the result of my research test, we can concluded that the addition of core stability exercise in paddle training program is more effective to increase sculling speed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Heart Exercise to Blood Pressure on Elderly with Hypertension at PSTW Pagar Dewa Bengkulu City

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Devi Listiana ◽  
Buyung Keraman ◽  
Kurnia Esti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Test Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Healthy heart exercises can be used as non-pharmacological therapy in the treatment of hypertension. The aims of this study to determine Effect of Heart Exercise to Blood Pressure on Elderly with Hypertension at PSTW Pagar Dewa Bengkulu City. Design of this study was Pre-Experimental Design with Pre-Test and Post-Test Group Design, observation design which was conducted twice, that were before and after the experiment. Aneroid sphgmomanometer measuring devices, stethoscopes and digital tension and measuring methods by measuring blood pressure elderly. Population in this study were all the elderly who had hypertension were in PSTW Pagar Dewa Bengkulu City, with the amounted of 44 people and the sample used according to criteria was 26 people. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The results of this study have an influence, obtained Systolic Blood Pressure values in the Elderly before and after Healthy Heart exercised Z = -4,282 with p = value = 0,000 0.05 means significant diastolic Blood Pressure in the Elderly before and after Healthy Heart exercised  Z = - 4,314 with p = value = 0,000 0.05 means significant. Suggestions elderly who suffer from hypertension can used healthy heart exercises as non-pharmacological therapy. Keywords: elderly, heart exercises, hypertension

PERBEDAAN KEMAMPUAN MANAJERIAL KEPALA RUANG SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN BANGSAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Priyanto Priyanto ◽  
Sakbani Sakbani
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Managerial Capabilities

Kemampuan manajerial kepala ruang merupakan kemampuan untuk memimpin, mengelola, menggerakkan dan mengarahkan bawahan agar mencapai tujuan bersama dalam organisasi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan manajerial kepala ruang di RSUD Kabupaten Temanggung dengan intervensi pelatihan manajemen. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre eksperimental dengan pendekatan one group pre post test. Populasi penelitian adalah kepala ruang dan staf perawat di RSUD Kabupaten Temanggung, dengan jumlah sampel 15 responden kepala ruang.Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji wilcoxon signed rank test (α =5%) menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara kemampuan manajerial kepala ruang sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan manajemen bangsal (p value = 0,001). Pelatihan manajemen bangsal dapat meningkatkan kemampuan manajerial kepala ruang. Perlu dilakukan tindak lanjut pelatihan tentang kemampuan manajerial kepala ruang berupa implementasi hasil pelatihan.   Kata kunci : Kemampuan manajerial kepala ruang, pelatihan manajemen bangsal.   DIFFERENCE OF MANAGERIAL CAPABILITIES IN THE ROOM BEFORE AND AFTER AFTER BANGSAL MANAGEMENT TRAINING . ABSTRACT Managerial capability of head nurses is the ability to lead in mobilizing and directing subordinates to achieve common goals in an organization. The study aimed to determine the managerial capability of head nurses at Temanggung General Hospital with  the managerial intervention. This study used pre experimental design with one group pre post test. The study population were the head nurses at Temanggung general hospital, the number  of samples of head nurses were 15 samples. The results of the Wilcoxon signed rank test (α = 5%) show significant differences between managerial capability of head nurses before and after the training of ward management (p value = 0.001). The training of ward management  can improve the head nurses’ managerial capability. It is necessary to follow up the training of the head nurses managerial capability in the form of the implementation of training result.   Keywords: Managerial capability of head nurses, the training of ward management

PENGARUH PEMBACAAN DZIKIR PADA IBU MELAHIRKAN TERHADAP TINGKAT NYERI INTRA NATAL DI RUMAH BERSALIN FAJAR YOGYAKARTA

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Sumaryani ◽  
Indri Nurasa
Keyword(s):  
Home Delivery ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

PENGARUH PEMBACAAN DZIKIR PADA IBU MELAHIRKAN TERHADAP TINGKAT NYERI INTRA NATAL DI RUMAH BERSALIN FAJAR YOGYAKARTAEffect of Reading Dhikr Women On The Level Of Birth Pain Intra Christmas At Home Delivery Dawn YogyakartaSri Sumaryani1 & Indri Nurasa21, 2)Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah YogyakartaJl. Lingkar Barat Taman Tirto Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta 55182*)e-mail: [email protected] atau yang biasa disebut dengan proses persalinan merupakan suatu proses membuka dan menipisnya serviks, dan janin turun ke dalam jalan lahir. Gejala awal persalinan akan menimbulkan nyeri yang sangat hebat karena adanya kontraksi uterus dan otot abdomen. Nyeri intra natal adalah suatu nyeri yang dirasakan saat terjadinya proses persalinan (melahirkan). Saat nyeri persalinan muncul, ada baiknya bagi ibu untuk membaca dzikir. Dzikir adalah mengingat Allah SWT dan menghadirkan apa yang tadinya ada di dalam benak untuk kemudian dilafadzkan atau disebut-sebut yang dapat dilakukan secara lisan dengan menggunakan lidah atau bisa juga diucapkan tanpa adanya keterlibatan lidah, yaitu melalui hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembacaan dzikir pada ibu melahirkan terhadap tingkat nyeri intra natal. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Desain penelitian pra eksperimen, dengan rancangan pre test-post test tanpa kelompok kontrol. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi langsung kepada responden untuk mengukur tingkat nyeri. Analisa data menggunakan uji statistik wilcoxon signed rank test dan regresi linier dengan menggunakan SPSS 14. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil uji statistik untuk nilai pre test dan post test tingkat nyeri diperoleh nilai signifikansi 0,02 dengan p < 0,05.Kata kunci: pembacaan dzikir, melahirkan, nyeri intra natal, tingkat nyeriABSTRACTThe delivery or usually called labor process is a process open and thin the cervix, and descent of the fetus into the way of birth. The early symptom of delivery will be appearing very heavy because there are uterus contraction and abdomen muscle. In partum pain is a pain which feel when delivery process happening (labor). When labor pain appears, there is a good for the mother to read dzikir. Dzikir is remembering Allah SWT and make present what before in the mind and then pronounced or make cal can do spoken by tongue or pronounced without there are involving tongue, by heart. The purpose of this research is to know about the influence of reading dzikir to the delivery mother toward in partum level of pain. Technique sampling used purpose sampling. The research of design pre experiment, with pre test-post test without control group design. The sample in this research’s total is 30 respondents. The manner of data was did by direct observation to the respondents to measure pain level. Data analysis used statistic test wilcoxon signed rank test and regression linier in SPSS 14. The results of research showed that results of the statistic pretest and posttest of pain level show significance value 0,02 with p < 0,05.Keywords: reading dzikir, delivery, in partum pain, pain level

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY TO REDUCE THE ANXIETY OF NARRIVES TOWARDS FREE IN THE CLASS II A PAMEKASAN Narcotics Prison

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Sira Te'dang Patandean
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Anxiety Levels

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to  reduce inmates’ prerelease anxiety in Narcotics Prison Class II A Pamekasan using a  quasi-experimental single subject design (A-B) in 5 inmates. Instrument used is Taylor  Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) of Janet Taylor Spence which has been widely used in  Indonesia, including in prisons. Analysis of data using visual analysis and Wilcoxon  Signed Rank Test and calculating the value of r to determine effect size. The trend line  on the visual analysis showed a decrease in inmates’ prerelease anxiety after the  intervention Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is given. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test  showed that there are significant differences in inmates’ prerelease anxiety levels before  and after Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is given (p = 0.042). Wilcoxon Signed Rank  Test results in post test 1 and post test 2 showed that no significant differences in  inmates’ prerelease anxiety levels (p = 0.785). This means that the results of intervention  is likely to be maintained. The results of effect size calculation is done by calculating the  value of r (r = 0.65) showed that CBT provides large effect to reduce the level of inmates’  prerelease anxiety. It can be concluded that CBT is effective to reduce the level of  inmates'prerelease anxiety with large effect. 

Frenotomy in Infants with Tongue-Tie and Breastfeeding Problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Srinivasan ◽  
Alex Al Khoury ◽  
Svetlana Puzhko ◽  
Carole Dobrich ◽  
Meira Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Community ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Breastfeeding Counseling ◽  
The Right ◽  
Breastfeeding Problems ◽  
Numeric Rating

Background: Infant tongue-tie can cause breastfeeding problems, which may be improved by frenotomy. However, controversy exists among the medical community. Research aim: To examine the influence of frenotomy on infants with posterior ankyloglossia, by quantifying the changes in breastfeeding and maternal nipple pain using standardized tools. Methods: Newborns ( N = 30) below 12 weeks of age were recruited from the Herzl–Goldfarb Breastfeeding Clinic between April 2014 and April 2015. Diagnosis of posterior ankyloglossia was made clinically. Frenotomy was performed. Mothers received breastfeeding counseling before and after the procedure. Pain and breastfeeding were assessed before the procedure, immediately after the procedure, and after 2 days, 7 days and 14 days. Breastfeeding was assessed using the LATCH Tool and by subjective questioning. Maternal nipple pain was assessed using the Numeric Rating System. Results: No complications were reported with frenotomy. There was a significant improvement in LATCH score immediately post-frenotomy, with an increase in median scores from 7.5 to 8.5 ( p < .0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). There was a significant decrease in median pain score immediately post-frenotomy, from 3.0 on the left nipple and 3.25 on the right nipple, to 0 bilaterally ( p < .0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Subjective improvement in breastfeeding was reported by 90% of mothers immediately after frenotomy and 83% of mothers at Day 14. Conclusion: Frenotomy for posterior ankyloglossia may improve breastfeeding and nipple pain.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Picture Story Books Reading to Increase Kindness in Children Aged 5-6 Years

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giyati Retnowati ◽  
Rose Mini Agoes Salim ◽  
Airin Y Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Test Score ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Storybook Reading ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of picture in storybook reading to increase kindness in children. This research involved 31 children aged 5-6 years; they were taken from the kindergarten in Bandung as the participants. The intervention was done by reading eight picture books in eight days. The kindness was measured using a measurement instrument created by the researcher, in the form of nine coloured cards that described the behaviour of kindness. The measurement was also done by seeing through the kindness tree and observation sheets that filled out by the teacher. The data analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-rank test shows a significant difference in the average score of kindness (p<0,05) before and after picture storybook reading. Two weeks after the intervention, the improvement on all kindness behaviours with the post-test score is greater than pre-test score that still can be found. Observation through kindness tree and observational sheets shows the same result.

scholarly journals Brain Gym Optimizing Concentration on Elementary Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1524-1532
Author(s):  
Wahyu Nur Pratiwi ◽  
Yuan Guruh Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Brain Gym ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Face To Face Learning

This research aims to find out the effect of Brain Gym on elementary student’s concentration. There was one group on this pra-experimental research, which measured the pre-test and post-test concentrations. 30 samples in this research were selected by purposive sampling technique from level 5 and 6 elementary students. These 30 students were set to do Brain Gym 3 times per week for 4 weeks. We find out from this research that group concentration’s pre test mean result was= 13.633 and for post-test was= 21.00. Wilcoxon signed rank test shows ρ=0,000. Those means that Brain Gym give significant effect on increasing students concentration. We can conclude that students can be increased concentration of learning by practicing Brain Gym regularly. Students may practicing this Brain Gym exercise at least 3 times per week at home in this pandemic condition, or before starting face to face learning when the pandemic is over

scholarly journals Amprenavir and Efavirenz Pharmacokinetics before and after the Addition of Nelfinavir, Indinavir, Ritonavir, or Saquinavir in Seronegative Individuals

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 3373-3381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene D. Morse ◽  
Susan Rosenkranz ◽  
Michael F. Para ◽  
Yoninah Segal ◽  
Robin DiFrancesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Aids Clinical Trials

ABSTRACT Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group 5043 examined pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between amprenavir (APV) and efavirenz (EFV) both by themselves and when nelfinavir (NFV), indinavir (IDV), ritonavir (RTV), or saquinavir (SQV) is added. A PK study was conducted after the administration of single doses of APV (day 0). Subjects (n = 56) received 600 mg of EFV every 24 h (q24h) for 10 days and restarted APV with EFV for days 11 to 13 with a PK study on day 14. A second protease inhibitor (PI) (NFV, 1,250 mg, q12h; IDV, 1,200 mg, q12h; RTV, 100 mg, q12h; or SQV, 1,600 mg, q12h) was added to APV and EFV on day 15, and a PK study was conducted on day 21. Controls continued APV and EFV without a second PI. Among subjects, the APV areas under the curve (AUCs) on days 0, 14, and 21 were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Ninety-percent confidence intervals around the geometric mean ratios (GMR) were calculated. APV AUCs were 46% to 61% lower (median percentage of AUC) with EFV (day 14 versus day 0; P values of <0.05). In the NFV, IDV, and RTV groups, day 21 APV AUCs with EFV were higher than AUCs for EFV alone. Ninety-percent confidence intervals around the GMR were 3.5 to 5.3 for NFV (P < 0.001), 2.8 to 4.5 for IDV (P < 0.001), and 7.8 to 11.5 for RTV (P = 0.004). Saquinavir modestly increased the APV AUCs (GMR, 1.0 to 1.4; P = 0.106). Control group AUCs were lower on day 21 compared to those on day 14 (GMR, 0.7 to 1.0; P = 0.042). African-American non-Hispanics had higher day 14 efavirenz AUCs than white non-Hispanics. We conclude that EFV lowered APV AUCs, but nelfinavir, indinavir, or ritonavir compensated for EFV induction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document