scholarly journals Partisi bahan kering bibit kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.) yang diberi asam humat dan pupuk NPK tablet

Kultivasi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Rosniawaty ◽  
Rija Sudirja ◽  
Mira Ariyanti ◽  
Syariful Mubarok ◽  
Rachmad Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Sari. Kopi merupakan salah satu produk perkebunan penghasil devisa negara.  Saat ini tanaman kopi menjadi andalan beberapa daerah di Indonesia dengan kekhasannya.  Namun demikian produksi kopi masih perlu ditingkatkan karena masih tidak sesuai dengan potensi produksi. Peningkatan produksi kopi dapat diawali dari pembibitan.  Pengelolaan bibit yang baik dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pupuk NPK tablet dan asam humat, yang nantinya akan mempengaruhi fotosintesis dan fotosintat yang dihasilkan.  Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melihat partisi bahan kering bibit kopi melalui bobot kering bagian-bagian tanaman pada bibit kopi yang diberi NPK tablet dan asam humat.  Percobaan dilakukan  di bulan Februari 2017 sampai bulan April 2017 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas Pertanian Unpad. Percobaan ini menggunakan metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), terdiri dari sembilan perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Perlakuan  sebagai berikut : Tanpa pupuk NPK tablet dan asam humat ; Pupuk NPK Tablet 6 g;  Asam humat 10 mL; Pupuk NPK Tablet 3 g + Asam Humat 5 mL; Pupuk NPK Tablet 3 g + Asam humat 10 mL;  Pupuk NPK tablet 3 g  + Asam Humat 15 mL;  Pupuk NPK tablet 6 g  + Asam Humat 5 mL; Pupuk NPK tablet 6 g   + Asam humat 10 mL;  Pupuk NPK tablet 6 g  + Asam Humat 15 mL. Terdapat pengaruh NPK tablet dan asam humat terhadap partisi bahan kering di akar bibit kopi. NPK tablet 1 butir (3g) dan asam humat 10 mL mempengaruhi partisi bahan kering di akar tertinggi. Kata kunci: bahan kering, bibit, kopi, asam humat, pupuk tabletAbstract. Coffee is one of the plants that gave income to Indonesia. Currently, coffee plants are the pledge of several regions in Indonesia with their distinctiveness. However, coffee production is still needed to be improved due to  its low production capacity. Increasing coffee production can be started from nurseries. Good seedling management can be done with application of NPK tablets and humic acid ferlilizer, which is influencing photosynthesis and photosynthates produced. The aim of the study was to determine dry matter partition through the dry weight of plant parts in coffee seedlings given NPK tablets and humic acid. The experiment was conducted on February to April 2017 at the Ciparanje Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University. Randomized block design (RBD) was used in this experiment, consisted of nine treatments and repeated three times. The treatment was : without NPK tablets and humic acid; NPK Tablet 6 g; 10 mL humic acid; NPK Tablet 3 g + 5 mL Humic Acid; NPK Tablet 3 g + 10 mL humic acid; NPK tablet 3 g + 15 mL humic acid; NPK tablet 6 g + humic acid 5 mL; NPK tablet 6 g + 10 mL humic acid; NPK tablet 6 g + 15 mL Humic Acid. There was an effect of NPK tablets and humic acid on dry matter partition in the roots of coffee seedlings. NPK tablet 3 g and 10 mL humic acid gave the highest dry matter partition at the root. Key words: dry matter, Seedling, coffee, humic acid, tablet fertilizer

scholarly journals Performance of some jute & allied fiber varieties in the southern part of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md.Monirul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Kabirul Islam ◽  
Md.Fazlul Hoque ◽  
Md.Isfatuzzaman Bhuyan ◽  
Md.Sazedul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Base Diameter ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Fiber Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Whole Plant

The present study was conducted to know the performance of growth, yield contributing parameters and yield of some Tossa and Deshi Jute and also some Allied fiber varieties at the agronomy field laboratory during the period from March to September 2012. Twelve Jute and Kenaf vareities viz. CVL–1 (V1), HC–2 (V2), 0–9897 (V3), CVE–3 (V4), 0–72 (V5), BJC–7370 (V6), HC–95 (V7), BJC–83 (V8), VM–1 (V9), 0–795 (V10), HC–3 (V11), BJC–2142 (V12) were taken and catagorized into three viz. Deshi (V1 to T5), Tossa (V6 to V8) and Kenaf (V9 to V12). The single factor experimental data was laid out in a completely randomized block design with three replications and the means were adjudged by DMRT at 5% level of probability. Varietals performance of Jute and Kenaf were showed statistically significant variation among the studied whole growth, yield and yield attributing traits. Among the varieites, the Jute variety BJC–7370 porduce the tallest plant (299.0 cm), medium base diameter (27.04) mm and longest root (28.44 cm) at harvest. Dry matter viz. root (13.51 g plant–1), stem (48.51 g plant–1), leaf (12.87 g plant–1) and TDM (74.89 g plant–1) production had also higher in BJC–7370. However, base diameter (26.84 mm) and dry weight of leaf (12.37 g plant–1) were statistically similar with Kenaf variety HC–3. The Jute variety BJC–7370 had also showed greater results on various yield characters viz. green (whole plant) weight (232.4 g plant–1) and stick (58.97 g plant–1) and fiber yield (58.97 g plant–1).The Kenaf variety HC–3 was also showed fiber (19.91 g plant–1) production. So, therefore, the Jute variety BJC–7370 and Kenaf vareity HC–3 gave understanding superiority on growth, yield and yield contributing traits as well as higher seed and fiber yield under the AEZ–13. So, Jute variety BJC–7370 or Kenaf variety HC–3 would be more successful productive variety in AEZ– 13 compare to the other studied Jute and Allied fiber varieties.

scholarly journals A RESISTANCE TEST OF OIL PALM VARIETIES (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS JACQ.) IN THE SALINE SOIL WITH AN ADDUCTION OF HUMIC ACID

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Hari Gunawan ◽  
Rosmayati Rosmayati ◽  
T. Sabrina
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Acid Oil ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Acid Dosage

Abstract The objective of the research was to determine theoil palm variety with saline resistance and identify the effective humic acid application dosage with a different salinity rate. This research was conducted in Percut Village.The method used was Randomized Block Design Factorial with 3 factors applied in to 6 varieties oil palm, humic acid dosage (3 dosages) and salinity rate (3 rate) with 3 replications. The results of this research showed that the salinity rate affected significantly to oil palm morphology in saline soil with humic acid adduction. In S0 (0 mmhos), Yangambi variety can increase oil palm plant height, number of leaves, root volume and dry weight of roots. Keywords : Humic Acid, Oil Palm, Saline, VarietyAbstract The objective of the research was to determine the oil palm variety with saline resistance and identifythe effective humic acid application dosage with a different salinity rate. This research was conductedin Percut Village. The method used was Randomized Block Design Factorial with 3 factors applied into 6 varieties oil palm, humic acid dosage (3 dosages) and salinity rate (3 rate) with 3 replications.The results of this research showed that the salinity rate affected significantly to oil palm morphologyin saline soil with humic acid adduction. In S0 (0 mmhos), Yangambi variety can increase oil palmplant height, number of leaves, root volume and dry weight of roots.Keywords : Humic Acid, Oil Palm, Saline, Variety

scholarly journals SUCROSE IN DETOXIFICATION OF COFFEE PLANTS WITH GLYPHOSATE DRIFT

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Ademilson De Oliveira Alecrim ◽  
Rubens José Guimarães ◽  
Dalyse Toledo Castanheira ◽  
Tiago Teruel Rezende ◽  
Milene Alves De Figueiredo Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Glyphosate Drift ◽  
Herbicide Drift

<p class="Normal-UFLA"><span lang="EN-US">The weed’ control in coffee plants has great importance, as they compete for light, water and nutrients. The chemical control is the most used, emphasizing the glyphosate, however, when applied, drift can occur and consequently cause injuries to coffee. Many farmers use the sucrose application with the objective to reverse the damage caused by the herbicide drift, even without scientific basis to justify such action. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sucrose application on the detoxification of coffee plants in the implantation phase with glyphosate drift. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a randomized block design, arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme with 2 additional treatments, using 3 sucrose doses (2, 4 and 8%) with 3 application times (1, 24 and 168 hours after intoxication with 10% of the commercial glyphosate dose) with an additional one in which the plants were not intoxicated and not treated with sucrose and the other additional only with plants intoxicated by glyphosate. After 75 days conducting the experiment, growth, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated. The application of sucrose in the reversal of intoxication of growth variables (height, leaf areaThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sucrose application on the detoxification of coffee plants in the implantation phase with glyphosate drift. number of leaves, shoot dry weight and dry weight of the root system) was not efficient. For the physiological variables the application of 2% sucrose, one hour after glyphosate intoxication was the most efficient treatment.</span></p>

scholarly journals Growth of Brachiaria brizantha planted at different densities and seasons in Santa Fé system with a culture of soybean

2017 ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Eduardo A L Erasmo ◽  
Rogério C Gonçalves ◽  
Jhansley F Da Mata ◽  
Vinícius A Oliveira ◽  
Luíz P F Benício
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass

This study aims to evaluate the density and planting period of the grass Brachiaria brizantha in consortium with the soybean. The study was conducted under field conditions at the experimental station of University of Tocantins. The experimental design used was a randomized block design, in factorial scheme of (2 x 5) + 4, with four repetitions, including both sowing of Brachiaria brizantha (20 and 30 days after the emergence – DAE, of soybeans), five Brachiaria seeding densities (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12kg of seed ha-1) and Brachiaria grown individually in the four densities tested, constituting itself as witness reference. To assess the growth of the Brachiaria, the plants contained in an area of ​​(0.33 x 0.40m) to 140 DAP of soy were collected in each plot, determining the number of tillers per plant; height and dry weight of shoots; leaf dry mass and dry mass stalk. Data were submitted to regression analysis. The cultivation of Brachiaria intercropped with soybean provoked a decrease in all parameters evaluated. The increase in the density of sowing promoted a reduction in the tillering and an increase in dry matter production and height of the plant.

scholarly journals Effect of different Planting Pattern of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Bean (Vicia faba) on Grain Yield, Dry Matter Production and Weed Biomass

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdollah ESKANDARI ◽  
Ahmad GHANBARI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Plants

An experiment was conducted in University of London, Kent, UK during the year 2003. The aim of experiment was to investigate the effects of planting pattern on performance of wheat and bean intercrops. A complete randomized block design with four replications was employed to compare the treatments. Treatments included wheat sole crop (W), Bean sole crop (B), within row intercropping (M1), row intercropping (M2) and mix cropping (M3). The density of intercropping was according to replacement design (one wheat replaced by three bean plants). The results showed that total dry matter achieved by intercrops was significantly higher than those achieved by either wheat or bean sole crop. Regarding to weed control, intercrops were more effective than sole crops, especially bean sole crop. Crops performance in terms dry weight, height and percentage of leaf, stem pod and ear was affected by cropping systems depending on crop species, where wheat showed more changes compared to bean . Grain yield, harvest index and thousand grain weights of wheat were decreased in intercropping while bean had reduction only in grain yield.

scholarly journals Content and Accumulation of Macronutrients in Radish Seeds in Response to Sulfur and Organic Compost

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Ariel Santivañez Aguilar ◽  
Henrique Vasque ◽  
Estefânia Martins Bardiviesso ◽  
Andres Felipe Gaona Acevedo ◽  
Ricardo Adriano Felito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Organic Compost

Sulfur (S) is usually the second most accumulated nutrient in seeds of Cruciferae plant species such as the radish. Tropical soils have low S availability creating a challenge to manage plant nutrition and balanced plant development to produce high-quality seeds. This study evaluated the influence of S doses and organic compost fertilization on the content and accumulation of macronutrients in radish seeds. Eight treatments were studied in subdivided plots, where the presence (50 t ha-1) or absence of organic compost was placed in the main plot, and the S doses (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha-1 of S) were placed in the subplots. A randomized block design with six replications was used. Seed dry weight, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S concentration (g kg-1 of dry matter), and the accumulation of nutrients in seeds (g plant-1) were evaluated. There was no significant effect of S doses, or organic compost, on the contents of macronutrients in radish seeds. When organic compost was not applied, great doses of S generated great dry weight and accumulation of macronutrients in the radish seeds. However, the application of organic compost increased the dry weight and the accumulation of all macronutrients in radish seeds in low S doses (up to 66 kg ha-1). Also, the presence of organic compost increased the dry weight and the concentration of macronutrients in radish seeds. The decreasing order of macronutrient content and accumulation by the radish seeds was: N > S > K > P > Ca > Mg.

THE EFFECT OF SALINITY OF IRRIGATION WATER AND SPRAYING BY HUMIC ACID IN SOME OF MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
E. K. Al-Fahdawe ◽  
A. A. Al-Sumaidaie ◽  
Y. K. Al-Hadithy
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

A pots experiment was conducted at the Department of Biology/College of Education for Girls/University of Anbar during Autumn season of 2018-2019 to study the effect of the salinity irrigation water and spray by humic acid in some of morphological, physiological, growth and yield traits of wheat cv. IPa. The experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was assigned for irrigation by saline water at four level (S0, S1, S2 and S3), while the second factor was the foliar spraying of humic acid in three level (0.0, 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1). The results showed that there was significant reduction in plant height, vegetative dry weight, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content when the plants were irrigated by saline water approached to 41.09 cm, 0.747 g, 0.849 g plant-1 and 38.67 SPAD, respectively at salinity level of 8.3 ds m-1 compared with the plants which irrigated by fresh water. The total carbohydrates were significantly decreased at the treatment of 8.3 ds m-1 reached 18.71 mg g-1. Spray levels humic acid achieved a significant increase in plant height, dry weight of the vegetative part, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content sprayed at 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1 compared to no sprayed. Nitrogen concentration was significantly increased, while both phosphorus and potassium were decreased in the vegetative parts of wheat as the salinity of irrigation water increased. However, the increase of humic acid levels led to significant increasing in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration.

Caracterização da Peneira Média em Clones de Coffea canephora

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Darlan Darlan Sanches Barbosa Alves ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
Marcos Santana Moraes ◽  
Carolina Augusto De Souza ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Selection Of

Introdução: O estado de Rondônia se destaca como tradicional produtor de café, sendo o segundo maior produtor brasileiro de C. canephora. No melhoramento genético de C. canephora, a seleção de plantas de elevada peneira média está associada à bebida de qualidade superior. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de clones de C. canephora para o tamanho dos grãos, mensurado a partir da avaliação da peneira média (PM). Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, foi conduzido ao longo de dois anos agrícolas experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, para a avaliação da peneira média de 130 genótipos (clones) com características das variedades botânicas Conilon, Robusta e híbridos intervarietais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro plantas por parcela. Resultados: Não houve resultados significativos para a interação clones X anos, indicando uma maior consistência no comportamento das plantas ao longo do tempo. Porém foram observadas diferenças significativas para o tamanho dos grãos entre os genótipos avaliados, possibilitando selecionar genótipos superiores. Conclusão: Os genótipos agruparam-se em cinco classes de acordo com o teste de média, subsidiando a caracterização de um gradiente de variabilidade da característica avaliada ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coffea canephora accounts for approximately 35% of the world's coffee production. The state of Rondônia stands out as a traditional coffee producer, being the second largest Brazilian producer of C. canephora. In the classical genetic improvement of C. anephora, the selection of plants of high average sieve is associated with a drink of superior quality. Objectives: The objective of this udy was to evaluate the genetic variability of Coffea canephora clones for the agronomic medium sieve (PM). Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa, municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste-RO, located at coordinates 10º44'53 "S and 62º12'57". One hundred thirty genotypes (clones) of botanical characteristics Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids were evaluated in the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and four plants per plot, spacing 3.5 x 1.5 meters between plants. Results: Significant difference was found for the grain size. According to the F test, at 5% probability, the genotypes were grouped into five classes according to the mean test. Conclusion: The results obtained subsidized the characterization of a variability gradient of the evaluated trait.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ON SHOOT AND ROOT MINERAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SUNFLOWER VARIETIES / EFECTO DE LA FALTA DE ELEMENTOS MINERALAS SOBRE LOS PARAMENTROS MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS Y REPARTICION DE ELEMENTOS MINERALES DE LA PARTE SOBRE EL SUELO Y DE LA RAIZ EN TRES VARIEDADES / INFLUENCE DE LA CARENCE D’ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX SUR LES PARAMÈTRES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET PHYSIOLOGIQUES ET SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX ENTRE LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE ET LA RACINE POUR TROIS SORTES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Midaoui ◽  
Ahmed Talouizte ◽  
Benbella Mohamed ◽  
Serieys Hervé ◽  
Ait Houssa Abdelhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Matter Effect

SUMMARYAn experiment has been carried out in order to study the behaviour under mineral deficiency of three sunflower genotypes, a population variety (Oro 9) and two hybrids (Mirasol and Albena). Sunflower seedlings were submitted to five treatments: N deficiency (N0), P deficiency (P0), K deficiency (K0), N and K deficiency (N0K0) and a control. Plants were harvested when they reached 3-4 true pairs of leaves. Growth parameters measured (height, total leaf area, root length, root and shoot dry mater) were all significantly reduced by mineral deficiency. Leaf area was most reduced by N0 (-61%) and P0 (-56%). Total dry matter was most affected by N0 (-63%) and by N0K0 (-66%). Genotype comparisons showed that Oro 9 had the highest shoot dry matter while Albena had the lowest root dry matter. Effect of mineral deficiency on content and partitioning of N, P, K, Ca and Na was significant and varied according to treatments and among plant parts. Shoot dry weight was significantly correlated with root N content (r2=0.81) and root K content (r2=-0.61) for N0 and K0.

scholarly journals Nitrogen topdressing and application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 2301-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHEUS G. SILVA ◽  
ORIVALDO ARF ◽  
PAULO E. TEODORO
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of interaction between nitrogen topdressing and different application ways (active ingredients) a.i. fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean. The experiment was conducted during winter 2003 in Selvíria/MS. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme 2x7. The first factor was composed by the absence or presence of nitrogen topdressing, while the second factor consisted of different application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen. The following variables were measured: leaf N content, dry matter of plants, yield components (number of pods plant-1, number of grains plant-1, the average number of grains pod-1 and mass of 100 grains), grain yield, phytotoxicity and weed control percentage. The nitrogen topdressing with 75 kg ha-1provided higher dry matter of plants, higher weed control and higher common bean yield of irrigated winter. In the absence of nitrogen topdressing in the application of urea before or together to fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen increased their effectiveness in controlling weeds without interference in the agronomic performance of common bean.

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