scholarly journals El designio de los hombres. Años de vida perdidos en Brasil y en sus grandes regiones, 1980 a 2005 / Male Fate – Years of Life Lost in Brazil and its Regions – 1989 / 2005

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Kaizô Iwakami Beltrão ◽  
Emilio E. Dellasoppa
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
External Causes

En este trabajo se analiza la evolución de los años de vida perdidos (AVP) de la población joven y adulta en Brasil según grandes grupos de causas y diversas divisiones geográficas a lo largo de un cuarto de siglo (1980 a 2005). La característica más sobresaliente de los avp es el aumento de la brecha de género en las causas violentas: los valores más elevados corresponden a la población masculina, y en vez de una esperada reducción se observa en los hombres un crecimiento de los avp originados por causas externas. Son de llamar la atención los elevados valores de las muertes por causas violentas en los jóvenes de 15 a 24 años, vulnerabilidad que continúa aumentando más allá del periodo de estudio.AbstractThis research analyzes the evolution of years of life lost (YLL) for young and adult Brazilian population by causes of death and geographical areas, as well as by gender and age-groups during 25 years: from 1980 to 2005. The most striking characteristic of the results of YLL is the widening gender gap: much larger figures for males than for females for violent causes. For males it is also noticeable a steady increase of the indicator driven by external causes. Young adults are especially vulnerable to death by violent causes, with large figures and a positive trend.

scholarly journals THE US MIDLIFE MORTALITY CRISIS CONTINUES: INCREASED DEATH RATES FROM CAUSES OTHER THAN COVID-19 DURING 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana A Glei
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Age Group ◽  
External Causes

COVID-19 has prematurely ended many lives, particularly among the oldest Americans, but the pandemic has also had an indirect effect on health and non-COVID mortality among the working-age population, who have suffered the brunt of the economic consequences. This analysis quantifies the changes in mortality for selected causes of death during the COVID 19 pandemic up to December 31, 2020, and investigates whether the levels of excess mortality varied by age group. The data comprise national-level monthly death counts by age group and selected causes of death from January 1999 to December 2020 combined with annual mid-year population estimates over the same period. A negative binomial regression model was used to estimate monthly cause-specific excess mortality during 2020 controlling for the pre-pandemic mortality patterns by age, calendar year, and season. To determine whether excess mortality varied by age, we tested interactions between broad age groups and dichotomous indicators for the pre-pandemic (January-February) and the pandemic (March-December) portions of 2020. In relative terms, excess all cause mortality (including COVID-19) peaked in December at ages 25-44 (RR=1.58 relative to 2019, 95% CI=1.50-1.68). Excluding COVID-19, all of the excess mortality occurred between ages 15 and 64, peaking in July among those aged 25-44 (RR=1.45, 95% CI 1.37-1.53). We find notable excess mortality during March-December 2020 for many causes (i.e., influenza/pneumonia, other respiratory diseases, diabetes, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, kidney disease, and external causes), but almost exclusively among young and midlife (aged 25-74) Americans. For those aged 75 and older, there was little excess mortality from causes other than COVID-19 except from Alzheimer's disease. Excess non-COVID mortality may have resulted, at least partly, from incorrectly classified COVID-19 deaths, but neither misclassification nor an atypical flu season that disproportionately affected younger people is likely to explain the increase in mortality from external causes, which was evident even during January-February 2020. Exploratory analyses suggest that drug-related mortality may be driving the early rise in external mortality. The growth in drug overdoses well before there was any hint of a pandemic suggests it is probably not solely an indirect effect of COVID-19, although the pandemic may have exacerbated the problem.

scholarly journals Characteristics of mortality in the Orenburg region population in 2011-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Evgenii L. Borschuk ◽  
Dmitrii N. Begun ◽  
Tatyana V. Begun
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
External Causes

Objectives - to study the mortality indicators, their dynamics and structure, in the population of the Orenburg region in the period of 2011-2017. Material and methods. The study was conducted using the data from the territorial authority of statistics in the Orenburg region in the period from 2011 to 2017. The analytical, demographic and statistical methods were implemented for the study of the demographic indicators. Results. Cities and municipal settlements of the Orenburg region with high mortality indicators were included in the second and fourth clusters during the cluster analysis. The first and third clusters included cities and municipal settlements with an average mortality. The most favorable position has the Orenburg area with the lowest mortality rate in the region in 2017 - 8.4%. The dynamics of mortality rates among the male and female population tends to decrease, more pronounced dynamics is in men. Though, the male population is characterized by higher mortality rates in all age groups. The leading position among the causes of death is taken by diseases of the circulatory system (46.3% of the total mortality). The second position is occupied by tumors (17.2%), the third - by external causes (8.4%). Mortality from circulatory system diseases and from external causes has reduced. The dynamics of mortality from tumors does not change significantly. The rank of leading causes of death is not identical in the clusters: in the third and fourth clusters, the other causes occupy the second place in the structure of mortality, while tumors occupy the third. Conclusion. In the Orenburg region, the mortality rate is higher than overage in the Russian Federation by 0.9 per 1000 people. The study revealed significant territorial differences in the mortality rates. In general, the mortality among men in all age groups is higher than the mortality of women. The mortality rate from diseases of the circulatory system plays the leading role in the structure of mortality, but has the tendency for decline. Until 2006, the mortality from external causes ranked the second place, now the second place is taken by death from tumors The mortality from external causes is decreasing; mortality from tumors does not change significantly. The obtained results could be used by local authorities in developing the program of public health protection and assessing its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Gender and Age Differences in Metropolitan Car Use. Recent Gender Gap Trends in Private Transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerònia Cubells ◽  
Oriol Marquet ◽  
Carme Miralles-Guasch
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Gender Convergence

Urban mobility is currently undergoing significant changes in cities worldwide, as gendered mobilities are converging and automobility is on a downward trend among younger cohorts. The aim of this study was to examine the dynamics of gendered mobilities over generations and across three different urban contexts in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (northeast Spain), in an effort to understand whether the mobility gender gap is closing and whether young adults have lowered their private transport levels. Generalized linear models were built to analyze travel survey data from the Working Day Mobility Survey (EMEF) to comprehend mobility changes between 2008 and 2018. The study identified a generational countertrend among new generations of young adults, who reported more sustainable mobility practices than their predecessors. Furthermore, results show a general trend towards gender convergence of travel behavior on the outskirts of the Barcelona Metropolitan Region, but also a tendency towards gender divergence in the core area of Barcelona City. Since the mobility gender gap is closer to convergence in those areas where private transport use is more widespread, future efforts towards achieving climate objectives should aim at decoupling such gender convergence from car-dependent built environments.

scholarly journals Non-communicable diseases are key to further narrow gender gap in life expectancy in Shanghai, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyi Chen ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Lianghong Sun ◽  
Yichen Chen ◽  
Xiaobin Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Abstract Background To address change in gender gap of life expectancy (GGLE) in Shanghai from 1973 to 2018, and to identify the major causes of death and age groups associated with the change overtime.Methods Retrospective demographic analysis with application of Joinpoint regression to evaluate the temporal trend in GGLE. Causes of death were coded in accordance with International Classification of Diseases and mapped with the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) cause list. Life table technique and decomposition method was used to express changes in GGLE.Results Trend of GGLE in Shanghai experienced two phases ie., a decrease from 8.4 to 4.2 years in the descent phase (1973-1999) and a fluctuation between 4.0 and 4.9 years in the plateau phase (1999-2018). The reduced age-specific mortality rates tended to concentrate to a narrower age range, from age 0-9 and above 30 years in the descent phase to age above 55 years in the plateau phase. Gastroesophageal and liver cancer, communicable, chronic respiratory and digestive diseases were once the major contributors to narrow GGLE in the descent phase. While importance should be attached to a widening effect on GGLE by lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, other neoplasms like colorectal and pancreatic cancer and diabetes in recent plateau phase.Conclusions Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have made GGLE enter a plateau phase from a descent phase in Shanghai China. Public efforts to reduce excess mortalities for male NCDs, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes in particular and health policies focused on the middle-aged and elderly population might further narrow GGLE and ensure improvement in health and health equity in Shanghai China.

scholarly journals Potential years of life lost by external causes among children from one to nine years of age from 2000 to 2018 in a brazilian state

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e3389119799
Author(s):  
Luisa Chrisdayla Macêdo Santos ◽  
Anando Rodrigues de Carvalho ◽  
Maria Bianca Pereira Freitas ◽  
Emanuel Thomaz de Aquino Oliveira ◽  
Fernando Rocha dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
The State ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Pedestrian Accidents ◽  
External Causes ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Injuries or any other health problems with sudden onset, generated by violence or other exogenous cause, are called external causes (EC). The indicator Potential Years of Life Lost - PYLL expresses the impact of early deaths in relation to the life expectancy for a given population. ECs were the major causes of death in children aged 1 to 9 years with 1,037 deaths (19.38%). Objective: To determine PYLL by EC among children aged 1 to 9 years in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Methods: This is a retrospective, longitudinal study with a quantitative approach. Its scenario is the State of Piauí. The population and sample were composed of deaths from EC registered in the Mortality Information System - MIS from Brazil, which occurred in children in the intended age group. For data analysis, the method that establishes a limit age for the calculation of PYLL was used, based on the average life of the population. Results: In Piauí between January 2000 and December 2018, there were 1,037 deaths (11.67%). The highest number of PYLL was found among male children, aged 5 to 9 years. Deaths caused by drowning were predominant, with 258 deaths (24.9%), being responsible for 16,857 PYLL, followed by accidents with pedestrians, with 184 deaths (17.8%), adding up to 11,911.5 years. Conclusion: Accidental drowning and submersion and pedestrian accidents predominate as the main EC. It can be estimated that 67,581 years of life for children aged 1 to 9 years were lost by EC in Piauí.

scholarly journals The Mortality Due to External Causes in Ukraine: Lives That Could Be Saved

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
N. О. Ryngach
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
Undetermined Intent ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
External Causes ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Noxious Substances

The article’s objective is to assess the losses of human lives in Ukraine, resulting from the mortality due to external causes (by absolute number, rate and structure), reveal the patterns by gender and age, with distribution by main cause. A comparative analysis of the mortality due to external causes in Ukraine and other countries is made by data on the distribution of deaths by gender, age and cause of death, taken from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, international and national databases. It is shown that the major share of deaths were due to four main causes accounted for more than 68% of all the cases: intentional self-harm (suicides); harm of undetermined intent; accidental poisonings caused by noxious substances; and transport accidents. An essential gender disproportion due to external causes is revealed: the mortality rate of males is 4.7 times higher than females. In Ukraine males account for 80.2% of the total deaths due to external causes (against two thirds, or 64.2%, in EU). The excess of males is the most significant in the causes such as drowning, suicides and accidental poisonings (with more than eight times to six times excess of the respective figure over females). In view of this, the share of deaths due to external causes in the overall structure of mortality was higher for Ukrainian males (8.4%) than for females (2.0%). The rate of sudden mortality (in the age younger than 65) due to external causes of death in Ukraine is 2.5 time higher than in Sweden chosen as a reference country, and thrice higher than in EU until 2004. The majority of deaths due to external causes in Ukraine are concentrated in this age group: nearly 80% in 2019 (against 49% in EU countries). A pressing social problem for modern Ukraine is the excessive mortality due to accidental poisoning and alcohol effects: from the age of 30 years and on, such cases exceed the poisonings caused by noxious substances (the gap being 1.75 times for the total population and more than trice (3.25 times) for the middle age of 45–49 years. Special attention is given to the problem of the increasing rate of deaths classified as “harm with undetermined intent” (which rate in Ukraine is seven times higher than in EU). It raises the need for analysis of the veracity of determined causes of death and quality enhancement of the official statistics for this class of causes in Ukraine, to have better understanding of the real situation and tendencies of change in the epidemiological situation with respect to external causes of mortality.    

scholarly journals Non-communicable diseases are key to further narrow gender gap in life expectancy in Shanghai, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyi Chen ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Lianghong Sun ◽  
Yichen Chen ◽  
Xiaobin Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Abstract Background: To address change in gender gap of life expectancy (GGLE) in Shanghai from 1973 to 2018, and to identify the major causes of death and age groups associated with the change overtime.Methods: Retrospective demographic analysis with application of Joinpoint regression to evaluate the temporal trend in GGLE. Causes of death were coded in accordance with International Classification of Diseases and mapped with the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) cause list. Life table technique and decomposition method was used to express changes in GGLE.Results: Trend of GGLE in Shanghai experienced two phases ie., a decrease from 8.4 to 4.2 years in the descent phase (1973-1999) and a fluctuation between 4.0 and 4.9 years in the plateau phase (1999-2018). The reduced age-specific mortality rates tended to concentrate to a narrower age range, from age 0-9 and above 30 years in the descent phase to age above 55 years in the plateau phase. Gastroesophageal and liver cancer, communicable, chronic respiratory and digestive diseases were once the major contributors to narrow GGLE in the descent phase. While importance should be attached to a widening effect on GGLE by lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, other neoplasms like colorectal and pancreatic cancer and diabetes in recent plateau phase.Conclusions: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have made GGLE enter a plateau phase from a descent phase in Shanghai China. Public efforts to reduce excess mortalities for male NCDs, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes in particular and health policies focused on the middle-aged and elderly population might further narrow GGLE and ensure improvement in health and health equity in Shanghai China.

scholarly journals Nosological and Age and Gender Profile of the Vologda Oblast Population Mortality and the Associated Demographic Losses

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
A. V. Korolenko
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Vologda Oblast ◽  
High Contribution ◽  
Gender Profile ◽  
External Causes ◽  
And Gender

The continuation and deepening of regional studies of the nosological and age and gender structure of mortality and its temporal dynamics is due both to the need for scientific monitoring of the implementation of regional programs and projects of the Vologda Oblast dedicated to the protection and promotion of public health, and the need to update the trends in mortality of the region residents in the context of modern socio-demographic challenges (population aging, depopulation, a complex epidemiological situation against the background of the spread of coronavirus infection).The purpose of the study was the analysis of the nosological and age and gender profile of mortality in the Vologda Oblast and the resulting demographic losses, including their transformation over the period from 2015 to 2019. The choice of the analyzed period is not accidental: if in 2015 the region was characterized by the most positive indicators of natural population movement (the total coefficient of natural loss since the beginning of the 2000s reached a minimum of -1.1 per mille), then by 2019 the situation changed dramatically — the indicator of natural loss increased and amounted to - 4.5 per mille.Materials and methods. The study was based on both general scientific and special statistical and demographic methods of research — structural and dynamic analysis of mortality indicators of the Vologda oblast population; assessment of demographic losses due to premature mortality by calculating lost years of potential life; calculation of mortality rates. The information base was the data of the territorial body of the Federal state statistics service for the Vologda Oblast, in particular, the annual data on the distribution of the deceased by sex, age groups and causes of death for 2015-2019.Results. The conducted study allowed us to establish that, in general, the structure of mortality in the region shows signs of its gradual modernization: the level of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system, external causes of death and their share in the total number of deaths are reduced, while increasing the proportion of neoplasms, symptoms, signs, deviations from the norm detected in clinical and laboratory tests, which is quite natural due to the shift in mortality to older age groups. At the same time, its features “slow down” the evolution of the mortality structure, such as a high proportion of young age groups (under 45 years old), especially categories 30-44 years old, in mortality from external causes, infectious and parasitic diseases, endocrine diseases, nutritional disorders, metabolic disorders and, as a result, the large scale of premature mortality of the region's population; male premature super-mortality, as well as the high contribution of the child population (0-14 years old) to premature mortality from diseases of the nervous system and sensory organs.Conclusion. Against the background of the coronavirus pandemic, the fact of a high contribution of young age groups (up to 45 years) to mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases is of great concern due to the likelihood of a sharp increase in the scale of human losses as a result of the layering of new premature deaths due to the consequences of COVID-19. It is considered necessary to include additional indicators of mortality reflecting its gender, age and nosological profile in the regional comprehensive program “Public health — in the center of attention”.

scholarly journals To what extent are members of an online panel willing to share different data types? A conjoint experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 205979911879601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ochoa ◽  
Melanie Revilla
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Online Panel ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Recently, the idea of ‘data fusion’, that is, of combining different types of data, became quite popular because of the advances of new technologies. In particular, several studies started investigating the possibility of combining survey data with other data types in order to get a more complete or accurate picture of the reality and/or to reduce survey burden. One key element, then, is the willingness of people to share different types of data, beyond survey answers. In this article, we investigate to what extent members from an opt-in online panel in Spain are willing to share different types of information that have in general not been studied before in the literature: records of their surrounding sound (audiotracking), information from their email inbox (in different ways, sharing the email credentials, using an email plug-in or redirecting emails, partially or totally), sensorial reactions measured by a wearable device (neuroscience) and public information about them available online. We use a choice-based conjoint analysis in order to study the level of willingness depending on the incentives offered in exchange, and we present the level of willingness by gender and age groups. Overall, we find huge differences in the level of willingness across data types. Increasing the incentives, on the contrary, does not improve the willingness so much, even if there is a positive trend. Some differences are observed across gender and age groups but most of them are not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Female and male US Olympic athletes live 5 years longer than their general population counterparts: a study of 8124 former US Olympians

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2019-101696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Antero ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Quentin De Larochelambert ◽  
Maja Pohar-Perme ◽  
Jean-François Toussaint
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
General Population ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Olympic Athletes ◽  
The Us ◽  
External Causes

ObjectiveTo quantify US female and male Olympic athletes’ longevity and the years of life lost or saved due to multiple causes of death as compared with the US general population.MethodsFormer US athletes who had participated in the summer or winter Olympic Games at least once between 1912 and 2012 were included. Olympians’ date of birth, death and the underlying causes of death were certified by the National Death Index. The Olympians’ overall and cause-specific mortality were compared with the US general population based on the US life tables, adjusted by sex, period and age. Mortality differences between the populations were quantified using the years lost/years saved (YS) method.Results8124 US Olympians (2301 women and 5823 men) lived 5.1 years longer (YS 95% CI 4.3 to 6.0) than the general population, based on 2309 deaths observed (225 women, 2084 men). Different causes of death contributed to longevity for Olympians as follows: 2.2 years were saved (1.9 to 2.5) from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); cancer, 1.5 years (1.3 to 1.8); respiratory diseases (eg, influenza, pneumonia), 0.8 years (0.7 to 0.9); external causes (eg, accidents, homicides), 0.5 years (0.4 to 0.6); endocrine and metabolic diseases (eg, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia), 0.4 years (0.2 to 0.5) and digestive system diseases (eg, cirrhosis, hepatic failure), 0.3 years (0.2 to 0.4). Mortality rates due to nervous system disorders (eg, Alzheimer’s and Parkinsons’s diseases) and mental illness (eg, dementia, schizophrenia) were not different from the general population.ConclusionUS Olympians lived longer than the general population, an advantage mainly conferred by lower risks of CVD and cancer. Nervous system disorders and mental illness did not differ between US Olympians and the general population.

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