scholarly journals Associative Identification of Proper Names: A Cognitive Approach

wisdom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
Natalia ALEKSIEIEVA
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
The Common

Mental lexicon is a storage which holds the data about everything we know until it is required to be used. Onyms are stored in the mental lexicon in the form of concepts as individual units of knowlegde which reflect personal experience of the human being. The goal of the research is to explore the common ways of associative comprehension of proper names in order to better understand their essence and meanings they exhibit. The view is substantiated that transition from traditional to cognitive onomastic research will help to settle disputes among onomasticians and language philosophers as to the controversial subject of semantic and referential status of proper names. The study is carried out on the material of the English official horse names as they are considered to be one of the proper name classes with the highest degree of arbitrariness of nomination. In this research, the author conducts a free associative experiment with 250 English native speakers. As the experimental material 5 stimuli of official hipponyms were chosen as well as the results of a free associative experiment of total quantity of 1136 reactions. The result of the study was the conclusion that the ways of associative identification of onyms depend not only on our presuppositional knowledge, direct or indirect experience in connection to a certain proper name, but also on a set of proprial and linguistic features peculiar to each name. The specificity of each proper name in this sense will determine the main mechanism of its associative identification.

DIRECTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONAL NAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Olena Karpenko ◽  
Tetiana Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Brain

The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions. Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification: usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives); cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) — part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.

scholarly journals Variability of the language norm in the functioning of toponyms: Problems and contradictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-632
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Yu. Ilyin ◽  
◽  
Elena G. Sidorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Basic Notion ◽  
Lowercase Letter ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Geographical Maps ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Content

The article examines the linguistic content of the language norm related to the spelling of geographic proper names. As the basic notion, the authors use Ludmila Verbitskaya’s definition of the norm recognizing orthographic standards as a particular case of a language norm. The significance of a research in this area is due, firstly, to specificities of spelling norms, and secondly, difficulties of proper name codification. The orthographic norms are characterized by a significantly higher degree of strictness in comparison with other types of linguistic standards, hence, the avoidance of toponymic orthographic doublets creating problems in place-name identification. Normally, place names are not present in popular orthographic dictionaries and other non-specialized lexicographic sources. Not infrequently, the spelling of a particular locality in a codified form can only be found either on geographical maps and atlases or in gazetteers and registries of geographical names of a particular region. As a result, the spelling norm becomes established in the the native speakers’ linguistic competence primarily through the assimilation and application of the corresponding rules. It was revealed that the most significant contradictions in the implementation of the spelling norm take place when choosing an upper- or lowercase letter in compound proper names, as well as when representing the elements of compounds (separately, as one word or hyphenated). The resultss of the present research can be used in revision of orthography of both existing and newly formed place names to make them concordant with the principles of linguistic ecology

scholarly journals Investigation of the semantics of the proper name as a phenomenon of linguistic consciousness (according to psycholinguistic experiments)

2021 ◽  
pp. 228-239
Author(s):  
Mairbek R. Makhaev ◽  
Iosif A. Sternin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
Limited Volume ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
Proper Name

This article deals with the problem of the semantics of proper names. It is stated that onyms, in addition to lexicographic meanings recorded in toponymic dictionaries, also have psycholinguistic meanings. Lexicographic meanings are traditionally described in dictionaries in accordance with the principle of reductionism, which involves minimizing the features included in the meaning with a limited volume of the dictionary entry. Numerous experiments have allowed us to discover a new kind of meaning, which we call psycholinguistic. Psycholinguistic meaning is a meaning that is actually represented in the linguistic consciousness of native speakers of a particular language. The psycholinguistic meaning is identified and described in accordance with the algorithm developed by us in 5 stages: 1) conducting psycholinguistic experiments 2) constructing associative fields of word-stimuli, which are a set of associative responses to verbal stimuli, ordered in descending order of frequency, obtained during psycholinguistic experiments 3) semantic interpretation of associative fields and identification of semantic components 4) sememic attribution of semes and the formulation of the final psycholinguistic meaning 5) contrastive analysis, it includes a comparison of regional variants of psycholinguistic meanings. In this article, this algorithm is described by analyzing the semantics of the toponym “Voronezh”. The psycholinguistic meaning of the toponym “Voronezh” was revealed as a result of semantic interpretation of the data obtained during psycholinguistic experiments in Voronezh and Grozny. The brightness indices of semantic components and sememes, according to which their field affiliation is determined, are calculated. False semes were detected. A comparative analysis of regional (Voronezh and Grozny) variants of meanings with each other, as well as with the lexicographic meaning of the toponym “Voronezh”, recorded in the dictionary of E. M. Pospelov, is carried out.

scholarly journals PAREMEOLOGICAL WORLD VIEW OF ITALIAN SPEAKERS

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
М. І. Гольцева
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
World View ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
National Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Modern Mass ◽  
Linguistic Approach

In the proposed research, the analysis of paremiological picture of the world of Italian language is performed; the notions of “picture of the world”, “linguistic picture of the world”, “paremiological picture of the world” are analyzed; the connection between the linguistic and paremiological picture of the world is distinguished; the frequency of using mythological proverbs with the proper name is set. According to the conducted research, it is possible to distinguish the following notions : 1) picture of the world is the way people see this world, how they communicate with each other, etc.; 2) linguistic picture of the world deals with the linguistic approach in seeing the world, how with the help of words people express their feelings towards different things; 3) paremiological picture of the world deals with proverbs and sayings, with the help of which people show their attitude to different things. As a result, it is possible to notice that this research of proper names in Italian proverbs in the paremiological picture of the world promotes reconstruction of one of important components of a national language picture of the world which is a cultural sphere of any language. We have distinguished that proverbs and sayings with the proper name are mythological, religious, historical, literal, toponymic, from various spheres of social and individual activity of native speakers. As a result, in the studied proverbs and sayings the features connected with mythology come to the first place among the rest of them. Never before have the scientists studied proper names in the light of meaning and form. While investigating proverbs with proper names it is possible to notice the link between ancient myths and modern mass media where we have found the majority of our examples during the research. And it is noticed that the majority of analyzed proverbs in mass media have examples in political and economic articles. From the studied proverbs and sayings we can make the conclusion that it is a vital source of national and cultural wisdom that is worth analyzing.

scholarly journals Markering af propriumsfunktion ved omvendt ledstilling

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
Line Sandst
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Time Factor ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
The Common ◽  
Germanic Languages

In this article, I discuss a type of proper name that is rarely discussed among linguistics and name researchers, however often found among the category of commercial names in the linguistic landscapes in cities. The proper name type differs from other proper name types due to its in Danish unconventional structure of having the part of the compound that describes the locality as the first part of the expression, e.g. Café Sommersko, and not as the last part of the compound, e.g. *Sommerskocaféen that is the common structure in Danish and other Germanic languages. I argue that the unconventional word formation evokes the instant notion of proper name status, hence has the ability to bypass the time factor that expressions needs in order to obtain proper name status. Therefore, the unconventional expression can be used to exploit the untapped linguistic possibility in Danish language for name givers to form instant proper names.

scholarly journals The Specifics of Functioning of the Personal Proper Name

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Wan Yi
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Collective Meaning ◽  
High Degree

The article researches the specifics of how personal proper names function in the Russian and the Chinese paroemia genres. Proverbs and sayings are traditionally considered paroemia because they represent a collective evaluation of various situations of life. The idioms that express a position of evaluation towards the current events are not included in the category of paroemiological units, for their components have lost their lexical meaning and acquired a high degree of reinterpretation. The article uncovers the types and the forms of the personal name that perform different functions in the Russian and the Chinese paroemia genres. Anthroponyms, mythonyms, chrononyms and hagionyms can be considered characteristic for the Russian proverbs and sayings, and the subjectiveevaluative forms are predominant in the Russian proverbs, where the name functions in a generalized, collective meaning. While the Russian paroemia genres express evaluative connotation explicitly, the Chinese proverbs and sayings are based on the association of a specific personal name, which is known to the majority of the native speakers, with a real historical figure, a specific mythological character or a personality of fiction.

scholarly journals PEMAKAIAN ISTILAH BAHASA SANSKERTA PADA NAMA DIRI DI DALAM PRASASTI POH (827 ÇAKA): TINJAUAN PERSPEKTIF IDENTITAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-135
Author(s):  
Kayato Hardani
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Born Baby ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Proper names in general use as the individual differentiator within the community as well as the identity. Parent in giving name on their newly born baby is often based on some motivation. Proper names can be analyzed linguistically because it contains elements of the sign that serves referential as well as vocative. The proper names is a part of the human being itself, so that in every interaction within society, someone always conscious of his own identity for his own interests, the other person and society as his place of life and interaction. Diachronically the development of language, including the use of the name itself can be traced back its presence through written inscriptions in the form of inscriptions. The writing of the proper name in Poh inscription is explicitly only as a list of attendees (witnesses) who attended the inauguration ceremony. Starting from this point can be found the use of the name of the old Javanese period. This study aims to understand the construction and meaning in the proper name found in the Poh Inscription using an identity perspective. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative which begins with observing and analyzing proper names using Sanskrit language elements.

Variable article use with acronyms and initialisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-78
Author(s):  
Elena Callegaro ◽  
Simon Clematide ◽  
Marianne Hundt ◽  
Sara Wick
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Common Noun ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Full Form ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Marked Preference ◽  
Data Driven Approach

Abstract Shortening is a common type of word-formation in many languages. Crystal (2008) distinguishes two kinds of abbreviation: initialisms and acronyms. Article use in English is variable with both acronyms and initialisms used as proper names (e.g. (the) UKIP, at the UN vs. at MIT). The question is whether variability is largely dependent on the semantics of the underlying full form (i.e. whether this is derived from a proper name or common noun) or whether the two types of abbreviation show different behaviour with respect to variable article use. This paper uses data from CoStEP, a new, word-aligned version of EuroParl, and a data-driven approach to investigate variable article use with abbreviations and their full forms uttered by English native speakers and compares the findings to data from parallel German and Italian corpora. The results show higher article variability in English and a marked preference for and near categorical article use in German and Italian. Furthermore, our evidence confirms that acronyms tend towards the proper name end of the cline, while initialisms behave syntactically more like common nouns.

The taboo topic in Kurdish language

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-455
Author(s):  
Bzhwen Yahya Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Descriptive Method

The research is entitled (The topic of taboo in Kurdish language), it is an attempt to find the topic of taboo in Kurdish native speakers' mental, in order the most taboo expression to be recognized generally. Consequently, to find taboo and its order in mind, mental lexicon has been applied, which is in relation to being individually or in group has its particular sort. The present research is to explore that information in mental lexicon, which relies on the data and instruments that are uncovered in syntax and morphology of contexts. The study uses analytical descriptive method to analyze the phenomenon and its principle. The instrument of the study is Kurdish language _ slemani Dialect. The findings of the study shoe that the taboos have their own domain and in mental lexicon orders are kept and on the same sorts are expressed.

ARTICULATORY FEATURES OF THE /I/-TYPE VOWELS IN THE ALTAI-KIZHI DIALECT (MRI DATA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
ALBINA A. DOBRININA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Articulatory Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Rural Locality

The paper considers some articulatory features of allophones of the vowel /i/ in the Altai-Kizhi dialect (spoken in the locality Ust-Kan, Altai) of the Altai language visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Altai-Kizhi is the central basic dialect of the Altai literary language. In Altai, each rural locality represents a unique dialect, whose relevance of studying was emphasized by V. V. Radlov. Speech sounds of the /i/-type in the dialects of the Altai language are realized mainly as front variants with different degrees of openness. In the written Altai speech, the symbol “и” is used to denote narrow front non-labialized vowel; some variants of the Altai vowel /i/ are central-back differing in this from the Russian vowel /i/. Experimental data on the territorial dialects of the Altai-Kizhi dialect, obtained from its 6 native speakers (d1-d6) taking into account variable inherent palate height, shows both the common articulation bases of native speakers (clearly-expressed frontness) and their differences (variable openness).

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