scholarly journals Manajemen Anestesia pada Anak dengan Nasofrontal Meningoencephalocele dan Hydrocephalus Non-Communicant

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Erfprinsi Wohon ◽  
Bambang Harijono ◽  
Siti Chasnak Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Visit Time ◽  
Baby Girl ◽  
Vp Shunt ◽  
Operative Care ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Facial Dysmorphia

Meningoencephalocele adalah defek kongenital yang sangat jarang, tapi insidennya tinggi di Asia Tenggara, termasuk di Indonesia. Penderita dengan nasofrontal meningoencephalocele memerlukan koreksi pembedahan sedini mungkin karena adanya kelainan bentuk wajah, gangguan pandangan, bertambahnya ukuran meningoencephalocele disebabkan bertambahnya prolaps cerebri dan risiko infeksi. Dalam laporan ini kami presentasikan kasus seorang bayi 9 bulan dengan meningoencephalocele naso-orbital dan hydrocephalus non communican yang menjalani operasi VP shunt dan eksisi cele. Adanya massa tersebut, baik meningoencephalocele nasofrontal atau frontoethmoidal maupun occipital, menimbulkan kesulitan bagi ahli anestesi mulai saat induksi, pemeliharaan anestesi dan pasca operasinya. Menjadi tantangan bagi ahli anestesi dalam pengelolaan meningoencephalocele, dimana sebagian besar penderitanya adalah anak-anak yang mempunyai kesulitan tersendiri, termasuk mengamankan jalan nafas dengan intubasi dan adanya massa yang akan mempersulit ventilasi saat induksi, adanya massa pada nasofrontal serta nasoethmoidal yang berhubungan dengan komplikasinya dan penilaian yang tepat terhadap perdarahan dan hipotermia.Anesthesia Management for A child with Nasofrontal Meningoencephalocele and Hydrocephalus Non CommunicantMeningoencephaloceles are very rare congenital malformations in the world that have a high incidence in the population of Southeast Asia, include in Indonesia. Children with nasofrontal meningoencephaloceles should have surgical correction as early as possible because of the facial dysmorphia, impairment of binocular vision, increasing size of the meningoencephalocele caused by increasing brain prolapse, and risk of infection of the central nervous system. In this report, we presented a case of a 9 months-old baby girl with nasofrontal meningoencephalocele and hydrocephalus non communican, posted for VP shunt (ventriculo-peritoneal shunt) and cele excision. Because of the mass, nasofrontal or frontoethmoidal and occipital meningoencephalocele leads the anaesthetist to problems since the preoperative visit, time of induction, maintenance of anaesthesia during the operation until post operative care. Anaesthetic challenges in management of meningoencephalocele, which most of the patients are children, include ventilation, intubation and securing the airway with intubation with the mass in nasofrontal and nasoethmoidal with its associated complications and accurate assessment of bloodloss and prevention of hypothermia.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Aetiology and Development of Uveal Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Melissa Chalada ◽  
Charmaine A. Ramlogan-Steel ◽  
Bijay P. Dhungel ◽  
Christopher J. Layton ◽  
Jason C. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Uveal melanoma (UM) is currently classified by the World Health Organisation as a melanoma caused by risk factors other than cumulative solar damage. However, factors relating to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) susceptibility such as light-coloured skin and eyes, propensity to burn, and proximity to the equator, frequently correlate with higher risk of UM. These risk factors echo those of the far more common cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is widely accepted to be caused by excessive UVR exposure, suggesting a role of UVR in the development and progression of a proportion of UM. Indeed, this could mean that countries, such as Australia, with high UVR exposure and the highest incidences of CM would represent a similarly high incidence of UM if UVR exposure is truly involved. Most cases of UM lack the typical genetic mutations that are related to UVR damage, although recent evidence in a small minority of cases has shown otherwise. This review therefore reassesses statistical, environmental, anatomical, and physiological evidence for and against the role of UVR in the aetiology of UM.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination: From Interesting Agent to the Patient

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Anis Daou
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
The World ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The vaccination for the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is undergoing its final stages of analysis and testing. It is an impressive feat under the circumstances that we are on the verge of a potential breakthrough vaccination. This will help reduce the stress for millions of people around the globe, helping to restore worldwide normalcy. In this review, the analysis looks into how the new branch of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) came into the forefront of the world like a pandemic. This review will break down the details of what COVID-19 is, the viral family it belongs to and its background of how this family of viruses alters bodily functions by attacking vital human respiratory organs, the circulatory system, the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. This review also looks at the process a new drug analogue undergoes, from (i) being a promising lead compound to (ii) being released into the market, from the drug development and discovery stage right through to FDA approval and aftermarket research. This review also addresses viable reasoning as to why the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may have taken much less time than normal in order for it to be released for use.

scholarly journals Clinical Differences between COVID-19 and a COVID-Like Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2519
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Di Micco ◽  
Giuseppe Camporese ◽  
Vincenzo Russo ◽  
Giuseppe Cardillo ◽  
Egidio Imbalzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Similar Group ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Hospital Workers ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
The World ◽  
Lung Failure ◽  
The Difference

COVID-19 is an infection due to SARS-CoV-2; this virus has been identified as the cause of the present pandemic. Several typical characteristics are present in this infection, in particular pneumonia with possible lung failure, but atypical clinical presentations are being described daily by physicians around the world. Ground-glass opacities with pneumonia are the most common and dangerous presentations of the COVID-19 disease, and they are usually associated with positive nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) tests with detectable SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Compared to the general population, hospital workers have been at a greater risk of infection ever since the first patients were hospitalized. However, hospital workers have also been reported as having COVID-like symptoms despite repeated negative swab tests but having tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with serological tests. We can postulate that a COVID-like syndrome is possible, in particular in hospital workers, that is characterized by symptoms similar to those of COVID-19, but with repeated negative nasopharyngeal swabs. These repeated negative NSPs make the difference in daily clinical management with people that experienced a single false negative nasopharyngeal swab; furthermore, a clear clinical differentiation of these situations is still lacking in the literature. For this reason, here, we report our main findings from a cohort of patients with a COVID-like syndrome compared to a similar group affected by typical COVID-19.

scholarly journals Embryology of Spinal Dysraphism and its Relationship to Surgical Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 736-746
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Eagles ◽  
Nalin Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Spinal Dysraphism ◽  
Embryological Development ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Pathological Correlation ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT:Spinal dysraphism is an umbrella term that encompasses a number of congenital malformations that affect the central nervous system. The etiology of these conditions can be traced back to a specific defect in embryological development, with the more disabling malformations occurring at an earlier gestational age. A thorough understanding of the relevant neuroembryology is imperative for clinicians to select the correct treatment and prevent complications associated with spinal dysraphism. This paper will review the neuroembryology associated with the various forms of spinal dysraphism and provide a clinical-pathological correlation for these congenital malformations.

Glioblastoma Multiforme with Hypodipsic Hypernatremia in a Seven-Month-Old Golden Retriever

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Engel ◽  
Karen Marie Hilling ◽  
Travis Kuder Meuten ◽  
Chad Brendan Frank ◽  
Angela J. Marolf
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Golden Retriever ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT Primary hypodipsic hypernatremia is a rarely reported disease in dogs. Reported underlying causes associated with this disease in dogs include congenital malformations, encephalitis, intracranial neoplasia, and pressure atrophy of the hypothalamus secondary to hydrocephalus. The dog in this report had an infiltrative neoplastic disorder, likely causing damage to the hypothalamic osmoreceptors responsible for the thirst generation. The neoplastic process was identified histopathologically as glioblastoma multiforme, an unusual tumor to occur in a dog this young. A tumor of the central nervous system causing physical destruction of the osmoreceptors has rarely been reported in dogs and none of the previously reported cases involved a glial cell tumor.

A Beautiful Friendship—and a Lesson about Friends and Colleagues: A Classic Partnership Revisited

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Warner ◽  
Michael M. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Iowa City ◽  
Clinical Neuroscience ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Shared Interest ◽  
Operative Care ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The University

David Warner, M.D., and Michael Todd, M.D., first met in 1985. They began working together at the University of Iowa (Iowa City, Iowa) a year later with a shared interest in both laboratory and clinical neuroscience—and in the operative care of neurosurgical patients. That collaboration has now lasted for 35 yr, resulting in more than 70 joint publications. More importantly, they have had the privilege of working together with close to 1,000 colleagues from around the world, in a dozen medical specialties. Their careers are an example of what can be accomplished by friendship, mutual commitment, persistence, and a willingness to join with others.

scholarly journals Interleukin-6 and granulocyte macrophage-csf in the cerebrospinal fluid from hiv infected subjects with involvement of the central nervous system

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Perrella ◽  
M. Guerriero ◽  
E. Izzo ◽  
M. Soscia ◽  
P. B. Carrieri
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Aids Dementia Complex ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Aids Dementia ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Csf Levels

We detected the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) by ELISA in the CSF and serum of 30 HIV-infected patients classified as AIDS dementia complex (ADC), and 20 subjects with other neurological diseases (OND). We have found a high incidence of detectable IL-6 and GM-CSF in the CSF of ADC patients compared with OND patients. No statistical differences were observed between both groups for serum IL-6 and GM-CSF levels. These results suggest an intrathecal synthesis of these cytokines and a possible involvement in the pathogenesis of ADC.

scholarly journals The internet racing ahead of the scientific evidence: the case of "liberation treatment" for multiple sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yára Dadalti Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Internet Discussion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that typically affects young adults. A recent publication suggested that MS might originate from insufficient blood drainage in certain areas of the central nervous system. The condition was named chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). Other papers have not confirmed these findings and, therefore, the matter remains controversial. Nineteen months after the original publication on CCSVI and MS, another 22 papers have been published addressing the matter. No clinical trials have been carried out on the subject and there is no evidence-based indication to perform surgical vascular procedures in MS patients. However, over the same nineteen-month period, the internet discussion on the subject of CCSVI and MS has led to countless websites advertising treatment using vascular surgery for patients with MS all over the world. The treatment based on the CCSVI theory has appealingly been called "liberation treatment", thus making it difficult to explain to patients why a treatment that has been highly praised (on the internet) cannot be recommended based on partial medical results that await confirmation.

scholarly journals Electroencephalography in congenital malformations of the central nervous system

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Campos ◽  
Guillermo Cruz ◽  
Rodolfo Lizarraga ◽  
Ernesto Bancalari ◽  
Daniel Guillen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Agenesis Of Corpus Callosum ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Cns Malformations ◽  
Clinical Eeg ◽  
Eeg Pattern ◽  
Eeg Features

We studied clinical and EEG features of 36 cases with congenital malformations of the CNS. Patients were followed at the outpatient clinic of Hospital Cayetano Heredia and of Hogar Clinica San Juan de Dios in Lima-Peru, from January 1984 to June 1992. Eighty percent of the patients had convulsive syndromes and mental retardation. The most frequent malformation was agenesis of corpus callosum, and it was not possible to find a "typical" EEG pattern. The second were porencephalic cysts, with a good clinical-EEG correlation. There were two typical cases of schizencephaly, one of hemimegalencephaly with good prognosis, and one of holoprosencephaly. The results are compared to those obtained for a series we previously reported. Data discussed take into account reports on the subject registered in the literature. It is concluded that EEG is an useful method to evaluate possible CNS malformations in developing countries.

scholarly journals Incidence Of Diarrheal Infections In Ukraine: Epidemiological Peculiarities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Malysh ◽  
Oksana Chemych ◽  
Roman Rodyna ◽  
Inna Chorna ◽  
Svitlana Doan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Incidence

Abstract Background : Diarrheal infections remain relevant for many countries of the world. The processes of globalization, fundamental changes in nutrition and water consumption contributed to the fact that the significance of individual infection sources, etiological structure of diarrheal infections changed. Purpose of the study: on the background of the analytical study of the incidence of diarrheal infections in Ukraine under the current conditions, to determine the factors influencing epidemic situation. Methods: The reports of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Main Administrations of Statistics in Kharkiv, Odesa, Zaporizhia oblasts for 2011-2018 are used in the paper. Epidemiological and statistical research methods are applied. Results: The epidemic situation with diarrheal infections in Ukraine is characterized by a low incidence of typhoid fever (from 0.012 to 0.14 per 100 thousand people), shigellosis (from 1.97-6.13 per 100 thousand people), stable incidence rates without the downward trend, salmonellosis (from 17.35 till 24.1 per 100 thousand people), high incidence of diahrreal infections of specified etiology (from 115.5 to141.9 per 100 thousand people) and diahrreal infections of unspecified etiology (from 69.76 to 107.02 per 100 thousand people). The most complicated epidemic situation is observed in economically most developed regions of the country. Most diarrheal infectionsoutbreaks are connected with catering establishments 36.5 % and with children educational establishments 26.1 %. In the region with the highest shigellosis and salmonellosis incidence direct strong correlation relationships are established between the incidence and population, density, natural population movement. The oblasts with the highest diahrreal infections of specified etiology, rotaviral enteritis, diahrreal infections of unspecified etiology incidence are at least provided with water resources and have problems with provision of high-quality drinking water. There is a need to improve the system of epidemiological surveillance over diarrheal infections by extension of the indicators of microbiological study of drinking water quality in the regions of Ukraine, where high diahrreal infections of specified etiology, rotaviral enteritis, diahrreal infections of unspecified etiology incidence is registered; by increasing frequency of food item inspections in the oblasts, where mediana shigellosis and salmonellosis incidence exceeds the average one in Ukraine. Keywords: diarrheal infections, shigellosis, salmonellosis, rotaviral enteritis.

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