STUDY OF PINEAPPLE EXOCARP, GADUNG TUBER AND LIQUID OF PULP COCOA FERMENTATION AS LATEX COAGULANTS TOWARD RUBBER QUALITY

Some rubber farmers in Indonesia use un-recommended latex coagulant and it causes bad quality of rubber. The utilization of organic latex coagulants has the potential way to improve rubber quality. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pineapple exocarp extract, gadung tuber extract and liquid of pulp cocoa fermentation as latex coagulants toward rubber quality. The study was using Randomized Completely Block Design with six treatments and four replications the treatments tested was 10 ml and 20 ml pineapple exocarp extract, 10 ml and 20 ml gadung extract and 10 ml and 20 ml liquid of pulp cocoa fermentation. The parameters observed were contact time, weight of rubber and rubber characteristic which are comprised of serum clarity, rubber color and rubber stinky smell produced, ash content and volatile matter compared to Standart Indonesian Rubber (SIR) 20. The result of this study showed that 20 ml latex coagulant had faster contact time than others and increased weight of the rubber. It showed that rubbers produced a bit stinky smell as well, it was better than rubbers produced by inorganic latex coagulant.

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Pengaruh Volume Koagulan Sari Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) Terhadap Kadar Abu pada Koagulasi Lateks (Hevea brasiliensis)

Agroekotek View ◽

10.20527/agtview.v4i1.2799 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ade Putra tri Prima ◽

Jumar Jumar ◽

Rabiatul Wahdah

Keyword(s):

Plant Tissue ◽

Contact Time ◽

Block Design ◽

Ash Content ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Correct Dose ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

The Government

Rubber plants (Hevea brasilensis) include sap plants, because this group has plant tissue that contains a lot of latex and the sap flows out when the plant tissue is injured (Budiman, 2012). The obstacle most often encountered in the process of making rubber processed materials is the large number of farmers who use coagulation materials that are not recommended by the government, thus decreasing the quality of the rubber produced. Therefore, it is necessary to use alternative coagulants that do not degrade and damage the quality of rubber, such as noni juice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the production of noni juice coagulant as a coagulant can affect the ash content of the latex and to determine the correct dose of noni juice coagulant in reducing the ash content of the latex. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with a single factor and the factors studied were the addition of coagulant doses of noni juice with 7 treatments (K0: natural latex (control), K1: 25 ml, K2: 50 ml, K3: 75 ml. , K4: 100 ml, K5: 125 ml of noni juice coagulant material and K6: 25 ml of salvage 90 and added 1 l of latex per experimental unit). The results of this study indicate that the volume of the noni juice coagulant has a very significant effect on the contact time, the gross weight of the bokar, and the ash content of the latex. The best dose of volume of noni juice coagulant to produce the lowest ash content of latex is the treatment of 75 ml of noni juice coagulant in 1 liter of liquid latex.

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Analysis of the Quality of Mixed Coconut Shell Waste Briquettes with Various Biomass Additives as Alternative Fuels

Journal of Earth Energy Science, Engineering, and Technology ◽

10.25105/jeeset.v4i2.9118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yusraida Khairani Dalimunthe ◽

Sugiatmo Kasmungin ◽

Listiana Satiawati ◽

Thariq Madani ◽

Teuku Ananda Rizky

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Bamboo Charcoal ◽

A Value ◽

Shell Waste

The purpose of this study was to see the best quality of briquettes from the main ingredient of coconut shell waste with various biomass additives to see the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter content of the biomass mixture. Furthermore, further research will be carried out specifically to see the quality of briquettes from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sawdust. The method used in this research is to conduct a literature study of various literature related to briquettes from coconut shell waste mixed with various additives specifically and then look at the best quality briquettes produced from these various pieces of literature. As for what is determined as the control variable of this study is coconut shell waste and as an independent variable, namely coffee skin waste, rice husks, water hyacinth, Bintaro fruit, segon wood sawdust, coconut husk, durian skin, bamboo charcoal, areca nut skin, and leather waste. sago with a certain composition. Furthermore, this paper also describes the stages of making briquettes from coconut shell waste and sawdust for further testing of the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content on a laboratory scale for further research. From various literatures, it was found that the highest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and bamboo charcoal with a value of 7110.7288 cal / gr and the lowest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago shell waste with a value of 114 cal / gr, then for the value The highest water content was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and rice husk with a value of 37.70% and the lowest water content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste 3.80%, then for the highest ash content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and coffee skin with a value of 20.862% and for the lowest ash content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and Bintaro fruit waste, namely 2%, and for the highest volatile matter content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and coconut husk waste with a value of 33.45% and for the value of volatile matter levels The lowest was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago skin waste with a value of 33 , 45%.

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Analysis of the efficiency of a solid fuel boiler depending on the choice of combusted fuel

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015402003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 154 ◽

pp. 02003

Author(s):

Grzegorz Pełka ◽

Wojciech Luboń ◽

Przemysław Pachytel

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Solid Fuel ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

Solid Fuels ◽

The Real ◽

Residential Sector

In the municipal and residential sector in Poland, as many as 50% of households are heated by solid fuel boilers. Most often these are, unfortunately, inefficient boilers, fired with low-quality coal. This study characterizes the market of boilers for solid fuels in Poland, and also presents the main apportionment of these devices, due to the different criteria that characterize them. The current legal changes in the scope of energy and emission requirements for solid fuel boilers are also discussed. The main purpose of this work is to analyze the real efficiency of the solid fuel over-fired boiler used, depending on the fuel burned in it. The process of burning selected fuels (seasoned wood, coal and pea coal) in the boiler was preceded by tests of these fuels to determine their energy parameters, such as moisture, ash content, the share of volatile matter and calorific value. In the next step, the energy efficiency obtained by the tested solid fuel boiler during the combustion of selected solid fuels was compared. The highest efficiency was achieved during the combustion of pea coal, and the lowest was achieved during the combustion of wood. In any case, the nominal efficiency value was achieved. Solutions that could improve the quality of the combustion process in this type of boiler were proposed.

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PENGARUH KOMPOSISI SEKAM PADI TERHADAP PARAMETER FISIS BRIKET TEMPURUNG KELAPA

Jurnal Fisika : Fisika Sains dan Aplikasinya ◽

10.35508/fisa.v3i1.592 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 37-42

Author(s):

Maria Lurumutin Umrisu ◽

Redi K. Pingak ◽

Albert Zicko Johannes

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Ash Content ◽

The Other ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Thickness Variation ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Better Than

ABSTRAK Briket bioarang merupakan salah satu bahan bakar yang berasal dari biomassa. Biomassa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tempurung kelapa dan sekam padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi komposisi sekam padi dan variasi perekat terhadap parameter fisis briket tempurung kelapa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai densitas, nilai kadar air, nilai porositas dan nilai kadar abu, secara berturut-turut berkisar antara (0.69 - 1.12 ), (3,33% - 7,57%.), (16,66% - 31,88%.), (38,46% - 66,66%.). Analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, komposisi sekam padi berbanding terbalik dengan nilai densitas, nilai kadar air dan nilai kadar abu briket dan berbanding lurus dengan nilai porositas briket. Berdasarkan nilai densitas, nilai kadar air, dan nilai kadar abu briket, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam penelitian ini briket dengan komposisi 40% tempurung kelapa dan 60% sekam padi memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan komposisi lainnya. Kata Kunci : Briket, Tempurung kelapa, Sekam padi, Densitas, Kadar air, Porositas dan Kadar abu. ABSTRACT Bio-briquette is one of the fuels that comes from biomass. The biomass used in this research is coconut shell and rice husk. The aims of this research are to know the influence of variation of rice husk composition and thickness variation on physical parameters of shell briquettes. The results of this study indicate that the density, moisture value, porosity and ash values, respectively ranged between (0.69 - 1.12 ), (3,33% - 7,57%.), (16,66% - 31,88%.), (38,46% - 66,66%.). The analysis showed that in general, the composittion of rice husk is inversely proportional to density, moisture value and briquette ash value, otherwise the composition of rice husk is directly proportional briquette porosity value. Based on density value, mositure value and ash value it can be concluded that in this research the quality of briquettes with composition 40% coconut shell and 60% rice husk is better than the other compositions. Keywords: Briquette, Coconut shell, Rice husk, Density, Water content, Porosity and Ash content.

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UJI MUTU BRIKET DARI PENCAMPURAN JERAMI DAN SEKAM PADI DARI LIMBAH PASCA PANEN DI LAHAN GAMBUT

Jurnal Hutan Tropis ◽

10.20527/jht.v9i3.12316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 282

Author(s):

Fonny Rianawati ◽

Zainal Abidin ◽

Muhammad Naparin

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Combustion Rate ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

Rice Husks ◽

Innovation And Technology ◽

Density Values ◽

Quality Value

This study aims to conduct a study of the quality value of briquettes made from mixing straw and rice husks which include a flame test and combustion rate which is expected to be used to educate people around the forest by providing innovation and technology regarding the use of post-harvest waste. The results showed that the value of the quality of briquettes made from variations in the mixing of straw and rice husks including the flame test of the combustion rate obtained results, for treatment A (100% straw) of 0.68 gr/minute, treatment B (100% husk) of 0 ,57 gr/minute, treatment C (Husk 75% + Straw 25%) was 0.40 gr/minute, treatment D (Husk 25% + Straw 75%) was 0.46 r/minute and treatment E (Husk 50% + Straw 50%) of 0.43 gr/minute. The value of the flame to boiling time for treatment A = 38.62 minutes, treatment B = 31.05, treatment C = 23.22 minutes, treatment D = 36.05 and treatment E = 27.95 minutes. Density values of all treatments, and the water content for treatment B and treatment C can meet SII. While other parameters: ash content, volatile matter, bound carbon and calorific value still cannot meet the standards, so it is recommended to carry out further research with other variations of treatment, in order to obtain briquettes with quality that can meet the standards.

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Nutritional and microbiological quality assessment of salt-smoke-dried product prepared from tengra (Mystus tengara) kept at ambient (26-28°C) and refrigeration temperature (4°C)

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v2i4.31014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 678-684

Author(s):

Md Masud Rana ◽

Subhash Chandra Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Storage Period ◽

Ash Content ◽

Natural Preservatives ◽

Better Than ◽

Microbiological Aspects ◽

Matter Basis

Study was conducted to identify the changes in nutritional and microbiological aspects of fresh, smoked, salt-smoke-dried (SSD: treated with salt, smoke and sunlight), Control dried (CD: treated only with sunlight) tengra (Mystus tengara) during storage at ambient temperature (26-28oC) and refrigeration temperature (40C). The study was done to investigate the effect of natural preservatives salt and smoke on the shelf life of the product over the storage period. The moisture content of fresh tengra was 76.06% whereas 18.80 and 18.36% for SSD and CD respectively. Fresh tengra had 13.45% protein, 7.46% lipid and 2.80% ash. The initial value of protein, fat and ash content of SSD tengra was 63.40, 19.95 and 16.55% respectively on dry matter basis. During 60 days storage period moisture increased whereas protein, fat, and ash content decreased considerably. After two month storage at ambient temperature the protein, lipid and ash content for SSD tengra were 62.75, 19.07 and 15.99% respectively whereas the values of the same parameters stored at refrigeration temperature were 62.54, 19.54 and 16.12% respectively on dry matter basis. The initial TVB-N and SPC value for SSD tengra was 5.86 mg/100g and 1.02×104 CFU/g respectively. During storage period the TVB-N and SPC value slowly increased and the values reached to 18.21 mg/100g and 3.32×104 CFU/g respectively for salt-smokedried tengra stored at ambient condition whereas 11.81mg/100g and 2.14×104 CFU/g respectively for the products stored at refrigeration temperature. The overall quality of salt-smoke-dried product was better than control dried product on the basis of organoleptic, nutritional and microbial aspects. Information obtained from this study it is cleared that, combination of salting, smoking and drying is efficient method of fish processing which could be useful to consumers, processors, and nutritionist at national and global basis.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 678-684

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PERBAIKAN PENAMPILAN BUAH ABIU (Pouteria caimito Radlk.) MELALUI PEMBERONGSONGAN DAN APLIKASI PESTISIDA

Jurnal Pertanian Presisi (Journal of Precision Agriculture) ◽

10.35760/jpp.2019.v3i2.2267 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 106-119

Author(s):

Moh Nailun Ni'am ◽

Slamet Susanto

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Block Design ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Single Factor ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Performance Quality ◽

Vitamine C ◽

And Control ◽

Better Than

Abiu is one of plant origin from Latin America, but it has been adapted and developed in Indonesia. Fruit defects are one of the main problem that decrease the performance quality of abiu. Fruit bagging combine with pesticides are expected to overcome tthe problem. This research aims to study the effect of many kinds of pesticide active compounds to abiu performance quality. This research was conducted at Desa Babakan Lebak, Kecamatan Kota Bogor Barat, and Post-harvest Laboratory of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University. The experimental design used was Random Complete Block Design one factor, with 10 replications. This research was consisted of five treatments as a single factor, those were bagging + profenofos 500EC (P1); bagging + Mankozeb 80WP and Streptomicyn sulfat 20WP (P2); bagging + propinep 70WP (P3), bagging without pesticides (P4), and control (P5). Result of this research indicated that treatment of bagging in combination with pesticide active compounds has significant effect on fruit appereance, especially in the fruit smoothnes. The best treatment is the combination of bagging with the addition of mankozeb and streptomycin sulfate pesticide active compounds, which can improve fruit smoothness 26% better than control. The treatment of pesticide active compounds didn’t have significan effectt on the diameter, softness, weight, volume, TSS, TTA, and vitamine C variables.

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Study of Some Wood-charcoal Characters Produced from Some Tree Species of Duhok Province

The Journal of The University of Duhok ◽

10.26682/ajuod.2020.23.2.18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 146-152

Author(s):

Dilgash Fayeq Yaseen ◽

Mohammed Amin Yasin Taha ◽

Hasan Saleem Nabi ◽

Abdulaziz Jameel Younis

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Wood Species ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

Wood Charcoal ◽

Populus Alba ◽

Kurdistan Region ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Salix Alba

This investigation was done in the laboratory of college of agricultural engineering sciences – University of Duhok to study some wood-charcoal quality produced from some local wood species in Kurdistan region Iraq. In market, the quality of wood charcoal produced from tree species is varied due to divers’ anatomical structure and carbonizing temperature process. As a consequence, understanding the factors controlling the quality of wood charcoal is an important issue for both producers (sellers) and consumers (buyers). In most charcoal factories, wood charcoal are produced without determining of their quality whereas each quality of wood charcoal has its own properties, price and uses. The quality of charcoal made from some selected local wood species (Quercus aegilops, Salix alba, Malus domestica, and Populus alba) were evaluated. The woods species were collected from Zaxo district of Duhok province and were transformed into wood-charcoal using a steel kiln for pyrolysis. The analysis of physical and chemicals such moisture content percentage [MCP] , volatile matter percentage [VMP] , ash content percentage [ACP] and fixed carbon percentage [FCP], of the produced wood-charcoal were proximately resolved using the (ASTM D3176 – 15) method. The results showed, for the first time on all around the Kurdistan region of Iraq, the quality of wood charcoal produced from these wood species. The highest value off moisture content (2.375%) was with Malus domisteca as compared with Populus alba which was (1.000%), highest volatile matter (21.125%) was with Quercus aegilpops compared with Populus alba (4.125%), high ash content recorded (4.875%) with Quercus aegilpops compared with Salix alba (2.250%) and the fixed carbon was greater value in Populus alba which was (92.125%) compared with Quercus aegilpops (72.875%). In addition, these species present significant divergence in term of good quality of wood charcoal and the (populous alba) gave the superior quality of wood charcoal from the rest wood species. Therefore, the results of this study have a high assessment for managers of Kurdistan governmental and private charcoal factories as a suggestion which wood species is suitable in order to achieve better quality of wood charcoal.

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ANALISA PEMANFAATAN BRIKET LIMBAH ARANG KAYU ALABAN DI DESA TAPUK KECAMATAN LIMPASU KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI TENGAH

INFO-TEKNIK ◽

10.20527/infotek.v21i1.8965 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Muhammad Nizar Ramadhan ◽

Andy Nugraha

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Wood Charcoal ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Fixed Carbon Content ◽

Better Than

The solution to reduce the use of fossil fuels is by utilizing renewable energy such as solar power, wind power, and hydropower, as well as the utilization of other alternative energy derived from biomass. One of alternative energy from biomass that is very potential is briquettes. Tapuk Village, Limpasu Subdistrict, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency is one of the producers of Alaban wood charcoal, with grade D charcoal in the form of charcoal flakes and is often regarded as waste. This study aims to determine the physical properties of alaban wood charcoal waste briquettes which include water content, ash content, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, and calorific value, as well as the potential utilization of alaban wood charcoal waste briquettes. so that residents can use Tapuk Village, Limpasu District, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency as an alternative fuel to substitute kerosene and LPG. The results showed the physical properties of alaban wood charcoal waste briquettes for 3.66 % water content, 3.15 % ash content, 14.31 % volatile matter content, 78.88% fixed carbon content, 6.259.33 cal / gr calorific value. The use of alaban wood charcoal waste briquettes is able to produce consumption costs efficiency of 60% better than the use of LPG and 70% better than the use of kerosene.

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STUDI PEMBUATAN PERMEN JELLY DARI KOMBINASI NANAS (Ananas comosus L.) DAN JERUK SAMBAL (Citrus microcarpa)

Pro Food ◽

10.29303/profood.v6i2.146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 749

Author(s):

Eva Mayasari ◽

Tri Rahayuni ◽

Nurul Erfiana

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Food Product ◽

Ash Content ◽

National Standard ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Average Score ◽

Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT Jelly candy from combination of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) and calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) is an alternative food product. The aim this study is to provide the best quality of jelly candy from the combination of pineapple and calamansi juices. This study used Randomized Block Design with one factor was combination of pineapple : calamansi consisting of 6 levels are 100:0%, 90:10%, 80:20%, 70:30%, 60:40%, 50:50%. Each treatment replicated 4 times therefore obtained 24 samples combination. The combination of 80% pineapple and 20% calamansi is the best treatment with a mean of moisture content 19,34%, ash content 0,30%, vitamin C 15,97mg/100G, total dissolved solids 24,500brix, pH 3,29, hardness level 0,05 kG force, the average score of the panelists preference the taste, appearance, and aroma has like (5,04), like (5,28), like (5,12), respectively. Moisture and ash content are in the levels of jelly candy qualify according to National Standard of Indonesia (SNI: 02-3547-2008), i.e., maximum moisture content of 20,0% and a maximum ash content of 3,0%. Keywords: pineapple, calamansi, combination, jelly candy, fruit juice. ABSTRAK Permen jelly dari penambahan kombinasi nanas (Ananas comosus L.) dan jeruk sambal (Citrus microcarpa) merupakan salah satu alternatif produk pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik terbaik permen jelly dari kombinasi sari buah nanas dan jeruk sambal. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 1 faktor perlakuan terdiri dari 6 taraf yaitu kombinasi sari buah nanas dan jeruk sambal terdiri dari 100:0%, 90:10%, 80:20%, 70:30%, 60:40%, 50:50%. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga diperoleh 24 sampel kombinasi. Kombinasi 80% nanas dan 20% jeruk sambal merupakan perlakuan terbaik berdasakan kadar air sebesar 19,34%, kadar abu sebesar 0,30%, vitamin C sebesar 15,97 mG/100G, total padatan terlarut sebesar 24,500brix, pH sebesar 3,29, tingkat kekerasan sebesar 0,05 kG force. Rerata skor kesukaan panelis terhadap rasa, warna, dan aroma berturut-turut adalah menyukai (5,04), menyukai (5,28), menyukai (5,12). Kadar air dan kadar abu permen jelly yang dihasilkan memenuhi syarat mutu SNI 02-3547-2008, yaitu kadar air maksimal 20,0% dan kadar abu maksimal 3,0%. Kata Kunci : nanas, jeruk sambal, kombinasi, permen jelly, sari buah.

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