scholarly journals LEGAL PROTECTION OF ONLINE BUSINESS TRANSACTION (E-COMMERCE) DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Osgar Sahim Matompo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Electronic Business ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Business Transaction ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Online Business

In Indonesia, the electronic business (e-commerce) transaction has shown a rapid development after the application of the social distancing in the efforts to handle the spread of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19). Initially, the increase of the people’s interests to shop online was to buy masks and hand sanitizers for protection against the disease. Then, there was an increase of interest to buy stationery (as there is the trend of working and studying from home) and also medical equipment. Yet, in its application, there are many cases of where the customers experienced loss due to the use of this type of business transaction. There are legal protections on electronic transaction which have been violated during the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. These transactions are regulated on the Constitution No. 11 of 2007 regarding Information and Electronic Transaction and also Article 1365 of Burgerlijke Wetboek (BW). The stipulations of the BW Article 1365 may be applied in cases which violate the law in online business transactions (e-commerce). To fill in the legal void, there needs to be an extensive legal interpretation.

scholarly journals INTERACTION OF INTERNET ENTERPRISES WITH CONSUMERS OF GOODS AND SERVICES IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Nikitenko
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Electronic Business ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
Business Entities

The modern development of economic relations, their global nature on the one hand, and the development of information and communication technologies, on the other, have led to the emergence of a specific form of these relations - electronic business and e-commerce. Market entities quickly master new opportunities for organizing business communications and are actively involved in the electronic business environment. This leads to the fact that access to information technologies becomes not just a competitive advantage, but a necessary condition for the functioning of market entities. However, despite the rapid development of electronic business communications, there are a large number of problems that hinder the integration of the national economy into the global economic electronic space. Large Ukrainian corporations with significant export volumes and extensive foreign economic ties simply cannot afford to stay outside the space of the modern world market, in which its electronic part is beginning to account for an increasing share. Large sales volumes allow, even if a small part of the manufactured products is sold at the first stages, to ensure the economic efficiency of their electronic platforms. It has been established that e-commerce is a type of economic activity, the essence of which is to carry out various business transactions between business entities, business activities in cyberspace, ie the use of the Internet and other interactive functions. The development of e-commerce is becoming increasingly important in the context of globalization of economic processes, due to the possibility of achieving a global presence and economic activity worldwide, global choice of goods and services regardless of geographical location, optimization of trade flows, reducing costs for servicing the operation, which, in turn, leads to lower prices, the emergence of new goods and services (remote banking, insurance, brokerage services). Unfortunately, in Ukraine, the field of e-commerce is inferior to many developing countries, primarily due to the high level of distrust and low public awareness of the e-business sector, insufficient level of modernization of information and telecommunications technologies. Today in Ukraine, the segments of e-commerce - business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) are the most developed and represent, respectively, the sphere of concluding electronic business transactions between business entities. The article examines the reasons why the potential of e-commerce in Ukraine is not fully realized and the main factors of the growth of Internet commerce in the country.

scholarly journals Liability for Right Holders to Electronic Marks (E-Commerce) on the Commercialization of Individual Trade Actions in Electronic Business Transactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Yohanes Don Bosco Watu
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Electronic Business ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Registered Trademark ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality

The type of research used in this research is normative legal research. So, in fact, the principle of proportionality is an alternative solution for electronic brand rights holders (e-commerce), which provides legal protection based on the first to file principle system given to registered trademark rights holders who have good intentions, are preventive or repressive.  On the other hand, it’s necessary to guarantee legal certainty to be able to provide accountability when there are ties or agreements in electronic business transactions in the field of trade and other trading businesses, so as to guarantee a sense of security and comfort in investing and doing business in the world of digitalization and e-commerce.

scholarly journals Tourist Route Optimization in the Context of Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5492
Author(s):  
Cristina Maria Păcurar ◽  
Ruxandra-Gabriela Albu ◽  
Victor Dan Păcurar
Keyword(s):  
Travelling Salesman Problem ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Route Optimization ◽  
Travelling Salesman ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Immediate Response

The paper presents an innovative method for tourist route planning inside a destination. The necessity of reorganizing the tourist routes within a destination comes as an immediate response to the Covid-19 crisis. The implementation of the method inside tourist destinations can bring an important advantage in transforming a destination into a safer one in times of Covid-19 and post-Covid-19. The existing trend of shortening the tourist stay length has been accelerated while the epidemic became a pandemic. Moreover, the wariness for future pandemics has brought into spotlight the issue of overcrowded attractions inside a destination at certain moments. The method presented in this paper proposes a backtracking algorithm, more precisely an adaptation of the travelling salesman problem. The method presented is aimed to facilitate the navigation inside a destination and to revive certain less-visited sightseeing spots inside a destination while facilitating conformation with the social distancing measures imposed for Covid-19 control.

scholarly journals A Populist Monster and the future of Constitutional Democracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Andraž Teršek
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The central objective of the post-socialist European countries which are also Member States of the EU and Council of Europe, as proclaimed and enshrined in their constitutions before their official independence, is the establishment of a democracy based on the rule of law and effective legal protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms. In this article the author explains what, in his opinion, is the main problem and why these goals are still not sufficiently achieved: the ruthless simplification of the understanding of the social function and functioning of constitutional courts, which is narrow, rigid and holistically focused primarily or exclusively on the question of whether the judges of these courts are “left or right” in purely daily-political sense, and consequently, whether constitutional court decisions are taken (described, understood) as either “left or right” in purely and shallow daily-party-political sense/manner. With nothing else between and no other foundation. The author describes such rhetoric, this kind of superficial labeling/marking, such an approach towards constitutional law-making as a matter of unbearable and unthinking simplicity, and introduces the term A Populist Monster. The reasons that have led to the problem of this kind of populism and its devastating effects on the quality and development of constitutional democracy and the rule of law are analyzed clearly and critically.

scholarly journals A Survey of Marine Coastal Litters around Zhoushan Island, China and Their Impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Xuehua Ma ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Luyi Yang ◽  
Jianfeng Tong
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Valuable Method ◽  
Beach Litter ◽  
The Impact

Rapid development of the economy increased marine litter around Zhoushan Island. Social-ecological scenario studies can help to develop strategies to adapt to such change. To investigate the present situation of marine litter pollution, a stratified random sampling (StRS) method was applied to survey the distribution of marine coastal litters around Zhoushan Island. A univariate analysis of variance was conducted to access the amount of litter in different landforms that include mudflats, artificial and rocky beaches. In addition, two questionnaires were designed for local fishermen and tourists to provide social scenarios. The results showed that the distribution of litter in different landforms was significantly different, while the distribution of litter in different sampling points had no significant difference. The StRS survey showed to be a valuable method for giving a relative overview of beach litter around Zhoushan Island with less effort in a future survey. The questionnaire feedbacks helped to understand the source of marine litter and showed the impact on the local environment and economy. Based on the social-ecological scenarios, governance recommendations were provided in this paper.

scholarly journals Perception and Preference for Home-Based Telework in the COVID-19 Era: A Gender-Based Analysis in Hanoi, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3179
Author(s):  
Minh Hieu Nguyen ◽  
Jimmy Armoogum
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Using Data

The rapid and widespread of COVID-19 has caused severe multifaceted effects on society but differently in women and men, thereby preventing the achievement of gender equality (the 5th sustainable development goal of the United Nations). This study, using data of 355 teleworkers collected in Hanoi (Vietnam) during the first social distancing period, aims at exploring how (dis)similar factors associated with the perception and the preference for more home-based telework (HBT) for male teleworkers versus female peers are. The findings show that 56% of female teleworkers compared to 45% of male counterparts had a positive perception of HBT within the social distancing period and 63% of women desired to telework more in comparison with 39% of men post-COVID-19. Work-related factors were associated with the male perception while family-related factors influenced the female perception. There is a difference in the effects of the same variables (age and children in the household) on the perception and the preference for HBT for females. For women, HBT would be considered a solution post-COVID-19 to solve the burden existing pre-COVID-19 and increasing in COVID-19. Considering gender inequality is necessary for the government and authorities to lessen the adverse effects of COVID-19 on the lives of citizens, especially female ones, in developing countries.

Social Distancing Using AI and Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 1816-1822
Author(s):  
Mr. Kiran Mudaraddi
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Suggested Method ◽  
Video Frame ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents a deep learning-based methodology for detecting social distancing in order to assess the distance between people in order to mitigate the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. The input was a video frame from the camera, and the open-source object detection was pre-trained. The outcome demonstrates that the suggested method is capable of determining the social distancing measures between many participants in a video.

The Effects of Different Kernels in SVM Sentiment Analysis on Mass Social Distancing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Komang Dhiyo Yonatha Wijaya ◽  
Anak Agung Istri Ngurah Eka Karyawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Kernel Method ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Linear Kernel ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Sentiment ◽  
F Measure ◽  
Kernel Yield

During this pandemic, social media has become a major need as a means of communication. One of the social medias used is Twitter by using messages referred to as tweets. Indonesia currently undergoing mass social distancing. During this time most people use social media in order to spend their idle time However, sometimes, this result in negative sentiment that used to insult and aimed at an individual or group. To filter that kind of tweets, a sentiment analysis was performed with SVM and 3 different kernel method. Tweets are labelled into 3 classes of positive, neutral, and negative. The experiments are conducted to determine which kernel is better. From the sentiment analysis that has been performed, SVM linear kernel yield the best score Some experiments show that the precision of linear kernel is 57%, recall is 50%, and f-measure is 44%

Disparity and Dynamics of Social Distancing Behaviors in Japan: An Investigation of mobile phone mobility data (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyu Lyu ◽  
Hiroki Takikawa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND The availability of large-scale and fine-grained aggregated mobility data has allowed researchers to observe the dynamic of social distancing behaviors at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Despite the increasing attentions paid to this research agenda, limited studies have focused on the demographic factors related to mobility and the dynamics of social distancing behaviors has not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assist in the design and implementation of public health policies by exploring the social distancing behaviors among various demographic groups over time. METHODS We combined several data sources, including mobile tracking data and geographical statistics, to estimate visiting population of entertainment venues across demographic groups, which can be considered as the proxy of social distancing behaviors. Then, we employed time series analyze methods to investigate how voluntary and policy-induced social distancing behaviors shift over time across demographic groups. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate distinct patterns of social distancing behaviors and their dynamics across age groups. The population in the entertainment venues comprised mainly of individuals aged 20–40 years, while according to the dynamics of the mobility index and the policy-induced behavior, among the age groups, the extent of reduction of the frequency of visiting entertainment venues during the pandemic was generally the highest among younger individuals. Also, our results indicate the importance of implementing the social distancing policy promptly to limit the spread of the COVID-19 infection. However, it should be noticed that although the policy intervention during the second wave in Japan appeared to increase the awareness of the severity of the pandemic and concerns regarding COVID-19, its direct impact has been largely decreased could only last for a short time. CONCLUSIONS At the time we wrote this paper, in Japan, the number of daily confirmed cases was continuously increasing. Thus, this study provides a timely reference for decision makers about the current situation of policy-induced compliance behaviors. On the one hand, age-dependent disparity requires target mitigation strategies to increase the intention of elderly individuals to adopt mobility restriction behaviors. On the other hand, considering the decreasing impact of self-restriction recommendations, the government should employ policy interventions that limit the resurgence of cases, especially by imposing stronger, stricter social distancing interventions, as they are necessary to promote social distancing behaviors and mitigate the transmission of COVID-19. CLINICALTRIAL None

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