Alpha Brain Wave Production as an Interpolated Task in a Brown-Peterson Paradigm

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-354
Author(s):  
Cecil C. Bridges ◽  
Harry E. Rollings ◽  
Ronald W. Rhea
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Alpha Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Retention Intervals ◽  
Counting Condition

Rehearsal, backward counting, and production of alpha brainwaves were used as interpolated tasks in a Brown-Peterson paradigm to determine their effect upon verbal retention. A within-subjects design was used in which trained subjects were told on a given trial either to produce alpha rhythm, mentally rehearse, or count backward following presentation of a CCC trigram. Results for the backward-counting condition duplicate, for the retention intervals used, the shape of the classic Peterson and Peterson forgetting curve but indicate little loss of memory in either the rehearsal or alpha conditions. No significant difference was found between the alpha production and rehearsal conditions.

scholarly journals Incorporating Behavioral Trigger Messages Into a Mobile Health App for Chronic Disease Management: Randomized Clinical Feasibility Trial in Diabetes

10.2196/15927 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e15927
Author(s):  
Scott Sittig ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Sriram Iyengar ◽  
Sahiti Myneni ◽  
Amy Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Chronic Disease Management ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Impact

Background Although there is a rise in the use of mobile health (mHealth) tools to support chronic disease management, evidence derived from theory-driven design is lacking. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the impact of an mHealth app that incorporated theory-driven trigger messages. These messages took different forms following the Fogg behavior model (FBM) and targeted self-efficacy, knowledge, and self-care. We assess the feasibility of our app in modifying these behaviors in a pilot study involving individuals with diabetes. Methods The pilot randomized unblinded study comprised two cohorts recruited as employees from within a health care system. In total, 20 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited for the study and a within-subjects design was utilized. Each participant interacted with an app called capABILITY. capABILITY and its affiliated trigger (text) messages integrate components from social cognitive theory (SCT), FBM, and persuasive technology into the interactive health communications framework. In this within-subjects design, participants interacted with the capABILITY app and received (or did not receive) text messages in alternative blocks. The capABILITY app alone was the control condition along with trigger messages including spark and facilitator messages. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare adherence with behavioral measures and engagement with the mobile app across conditions. A paired sample t test was utilized on each health outcome to determine changes related to capABILITY intervention, as well as participants’ classified usage of capABILITY. Results Pre- and postintervention results indicated statistical significance on 3 of the 7 health survey measures (general diet: P=.03; exercise: P=.005; and blood glucose: P=.02). When only analyzing the high and midusers (n=14) of capABILITY, we found a statistically significant difference in both self-efficacy (P=.008) and exercise (P=.01). Although the ANOVA did not reveal any statistically significant differences across groups, there is a trend among spark conditions to respond more quickly (ie, shorter log-in lag) following the receipt of the message. Conclusions Our theory-driven mHealth app appears to be a feasible means of improving self-efficacy and health-related behaviors. Although our sample size is too small to draw conclusions about the differential impact of specific forms of trigger messages, our findings suggest that spark triggers may have the ability to cue engagement in mobile tools. This was demonstrated with the increased use of capABILITY at the beginning and conclusion of the study depending on spark timing. Our results suggest that theory-driven personalization of mobile tools is a viable form of intervention. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04132089; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT004122089

Sexuality Education Intervention for Parents of Children With Disabilities: A Pilot Training Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Clatos ◽  
Matthew Asare
Keyword(s):  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Within Subjects

The purpose of the study is to evaluate pilot sexuality education intervention for parents of children with disabilities between ages between 6 and 25 years old. A within subjects design was utilized and 15 parents of children with disabilities were recruited to receive a two-week sexuality education without a control group. A paired-samples t-test results showed that there was a significant difference between the participants’ pre-test and post intervention scores in their attitude and beliefs, sexual communication, knowledge, and self-efficacy of sexuality education among children with disabilities (all p<.001). The intervention change the participants sexual communication behavior and increased knowledge about sexuality education among parents of children with disabilities.

scholarly journals Performance, Movement, Posture, and Perceived Discomfort in Active vs. Static Seating

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1154-1158
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Faulk ◽  
Cameron C. McKee ◽  
Heather Bazille ◽  
Michael Brigham ◽  
Jasmine Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trunk Movement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Static Conditions

Active seating designs may enable users to move more frequently, thereby decreasing physiological risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle. In this preliminary study, two active seating designs (QOR360, Ariel; QOR360, Newton) were compared to a static chair (Herman Miller, Aeron) to understand how active vs. static seating may affect task performance, movement, posture, and perceived discomfort. This within-subjects experiment involved n = 11 student participants who sat upon each of the three chairs for 20 minutes while performing a series of computer-based tasks. Participants showed increased trunk movement while also reporting higher levels of perceived discomfort in the two active chair conditions. There was no significant difference in either posture or fine motor task performance between the active and static conditions. Future research may benefit from additional physiological measurements along with a wider variety of tasks that require seated users to make postural adjustments.

Consolidation of Usability Problems With Novice Evaluators Re-Examined in Individual vs. Collaborative Settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-538
Author(s):  
Rebekka Hoffmann ◽  
Anna Helga Jónsdóttir ◽  
Ebba Thora Hvannberg
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Usability Testing ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Usability Problems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Within Subjects

Abstract Usability testing can involve multiple users and evaluators. In such cases, consolidating usability problems (UPs) constitutes an essential part of data analysis. In a between-subjects design, this study aims to re-examine a previous study by comparing the results of novice evaluators merging UPs individually vs. collaboratively and to assess the quality of the final UP lists, by computing the merging rate and the accuracy rate, respectively. Law and Hvannberg compared the results of evaluators merging UPs individually vs. collaboratively in a within-subjects design, revealing a tendency towards merging UPs in collaborative settings. In the present study, 45 novice evaluators consolidated four UP lists into a single UP master list while working alone or with a partner. The results showed no significant difference between evaluators in the two settings, suggesting that the UP consolidation process does not benefit from positive group decision effects.

Comparison of music stimuli to support mindfulness meditation

2019 ◽  
pp. 030573561987849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbey L Dvorak ◽  
Eugenia Hernandez-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Harmonic Progression ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of and preference for different auditory stimuli in supporting mindfulness meditation. Undergraduate non-musicians ( N = 57) listened to four different auditory stimuli guiding them in a mindfulness meditation: script only (i.e., Script), steady beat (i.e., Beat), beat and harmonic progression (i.e., Harmony), and beat, harmony, and melody (i.e., Melody). This study used a within-subjects repeated-measures design with the four conditions counterbalanced and randomized across participants. Participants rated responses using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), completed the Absorption in Music Scale (AIMS), and ranked auditory stimuli according to preference and usefulness for mindfulness meditation. A repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on the MAAS scores, using the AIMS as a covariate, indicated no statistically significant difference between auditory stimuli. However, with the AIMS removed, the analysis revealed significant differences between stimuli, indicating that levels of absorption in music may moderate participants’ responses to auditory stimuli for mindfulness meditation. Friedman analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and post hoc analyses indicated that participant rankings of usefulness and preference were significantly different among conditions, with the Melody and Harmony conditions ranked highest.

Subjective Assessment of the Vibration Discomfort Produced by Different Hand Held Machines

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Broyde ◽  
P. Donati ◽  
J. Bitsch
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Subjective Method ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Electrodynamic Vibrator ◽  
Method Of Paired Comparisons ◽  
Good Agreement

A subjective method of paired comparisons was developed to compare the discomfort caused by the vibration from hand-held power tools with the predictions obtained using the procedures recommended by standards for the evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. Fiteen trained subjects were exposed in the laboratory to seven different vibration exposures produced by five hand-held tools (one of the tools was used in two positions) and an electrodynamic vibrator. The good agreement observed between and within subjects shows that they can reliably rank vibration dicomfort produced by different hand-held tools. For five vibration exposures out of seven, the rank deduced from the subjective assessments was in accord with the rank of the predicted evaluations derived from the frequency-weighted acceleration values measured. An exposure with highly impulsive vibration was rated as being much more annoying than it was foreseen by the current procedures of evaluation. The operator's position proved to be an important factor in the perception of the discomfort.

Effects of Active Versus Static Standing on Short-Duration Computer Task Performance, Postural Risks, Perceived Pain, Comfort and Fatigue

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 440-444
Author(s):  
Gourab Kar ◽  
Sanjay Guria ◽  
Kathryn S. Peditto ◽  
Jacqueline R. Callan ◽  
Andrea E. Fronsman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceived Pain ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Rapid Entire Body Assessment ◽  
Computer Tasks

This study evaluated the effects of active versus static standing on short-duration computer task performance, postural risks and perceived pain, comfort and fatigue. A repeated measures, within-subjects study was conducted in which 16 participants performed 40 trials of a computer-based homing task in two active standing versus a static standing condition. Computer task performance was operationalized using mousing and typing speed as the measures; postural risk was evaluated using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Perceived scores for pain, comfort and fatigue were reported through a survey administered at baseline and after each standing task condition. Results suggest that for short-duration computer tasks, there was no significant difference in typing speed between active and static standing. However, mousing speed was significantly higher in static standing compared to a specific active standing condition. Overall levels of perceived pain, comfort and fatigue did not differ significantly between active and static standing.

Ventilatory Threshold during Wheelchair Exercise in Untrained and Endurance-Trained Subjects with Quadriplegia

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yagesh N. Bhambhani ◽  
Robert S. Burnham ◽  
Gary D. Wheeler ◽  
Peter Eriksson ◽  
Leona J. Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Reliability Coefficient ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Respiratory Gas Exchange ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Roller System ◽  
Male Subjects

In this study we compared the ventilatory threshold (VT) between 8 untrained and 8 endurance-trained males with quadriplegia during simulated wheelchair exercise. Each subject completed an incremental velocity test in his personal wheelchair mounted on a customized roller system designed to provide velocity and distance feedback. VT was identified by two trained evaluators using established respiratory gas exchange criteria. A significant interevaluator reliability coefficient of .90 (p < .01) was observed for the detection of VT. Relative oxygen uptake (V̇O2, ml · kg-1 · min-1) at VT and peak V̇O2 were significantly (p < .05) higher in the endurance-trained compared to untrained subjects. However, no significant difference (p > .05) was observed between the two groups when VT was expressed as a percentage of peak V̇O2. Significant correlations of .86 and .81 (p < .01) were observed between VT and peak V̇O2 in the untrained and trained groups, respectively. It was concluded that endurance training improves both VT and peak V̇O2 during wheelchair exercise in male subjects with quadriplegia but does not improve VT when it is expressed relative to peak V̇O2.

scholarly journals Does HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use lead to a higher incidence of sexually transmitted infections? A case-crossover study of men who have sex with men in Los Angeles, California

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R Beymer ◽  
Michelle A DeVost ◽  
Robert E Weiss ◽  
Rhodri Dierst-Davies ◽  
Chelsea L Shover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Generalised Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

BackgroundPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective method for reducing HIV incidence among at-risk populations. However, concerns exist over the potential for an increase in STIs following PrEP initiation. The objective of this study is to compare the STI incidence before and after PrEP initiation within subjects among a cohort of men who have sex with men in Los Angeles, California.MethodsThe present study used data from patients who initiated PrEP services at the Los Angeles LGBT Center between October 2015 and October 2016 (n=275). A generalised linear mixed model was used with a case-crossover design to determine if there was a significant difference in STIs within subjects 365 days before (before-PrEP period) and 365 days after PrEP initiation (after-PrEP period).ResultsIn a generalised linear mixed model, there were no significant differences in urethral gonorrhoea (P=0.95), rectal gonorrhoea (P=0.33), pharyngeal gonorrhoea (P=0.65) or urethral chlamydia (P=0.71) between periods. There were modest increases in rectal chlamydia (rate ratio (RR) 1.83; 95% CI 1.13 to 2.98; P=0.01) and syphilis diagnoses (RR 2.97; 95% CI 1.23 to 7.18; P=0.02).ConclusionsThere were significant increases in rectal chlamydia and syphilis diagnoses when comparing the periods directly before and after PrEP initiation. However, only 28% of individuals had an increase in STIs between periods. Although risk compensation appears to be present for a segment of PrEP users, the majority of individuals either maintain or decrease their sexual risk following PrEP initiation.

Insulin action and secretion in endurance-trained and untrained humans

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2247-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. King ◽  
G. P. Dalsky ◽  
M. A. Staten ◽  
W. E. Clutter ◽  
D. R. Van Houten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Action ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Hyperglycemic Clamp ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Disposal Rate

To evaluate insulin sensitivity and responsiveness, a two-stage hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp procedure (insulin infusions of 40 and 400 mU.m-2.min-1) was performed on 11 endurance-trained and 11 untrained volunteers. A 3-h hyperglycemic clamp procedure (plasma glucose approximately 180 mg/dl) was used to study the insulin response to a fixed glycemic stimulus in 15 trained and 12 untrained subjects. During the 40-mU.m-2.min-1 insulin infusion, the glucose disposal rate was 10.2 +/- 0.5 mg.kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1.min-1 in the trained group compared with 8.0 +/- 0.6 mg.kg FFM-1.min-1 in the untrained group (P less than 0.01). In contrast, there was no significant difference in maximally stimulated glucose disposal: 17.7 +/- 0.6 in the trained vs. 16.7 +/- 0.7 mg.kg FFM-1.min-1 in the untrained group. During the hyperglycemic clamp procedure, the incremental area for plasma insulin was lower in the trained subjects for both early (0–10 min: 140 +/- 18 vs. 223 +/- 23 microU.ml–1.min; P less than 0.005) and late (10–180 min: 4,582 +/- 689 vs. 8,895 +/- 1,316 microU.ml–1.min; P less than 0.005) insulin secretory phases. These data demonstrate that 1) the improved insulin action in healthy trained subjects is due to increased sensitivity to insulin, with no change in responsiveness to insulin, and 2) trained subjects have a smaller plasma insulin response to an identical glucose stimulus than untrained individuals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document