Suicide and Aggression

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherman Eisenthal
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
Suicidal Patients

Suicide-attempt, suicide-ideation, and non-suicidal control groups of VA neuro-psychiatric patients were divided into psychotic and neurotic subgroups ( ns = 15). Ss viewed two classes of slides, a series of death scenes and one of unpleasant scenes. Each series contained both aggressive and non-aggressive content. Analyses of this 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design, with repeated measures, were based on measures of viewing time, rated tension, and rated liking. Aggressive slides induced greater threat than non-aggressive slides to a significant degree in the death slide series and to a lesser degree in the unpleasant slide series. Suicidal patients did not manifest a consistent style of response to aggressive slides in either series. The measure of aggressive mood also was not different for suicidal and non-suicidal patients. Suicide ideators did not differentiate aggressive and non-aggressive slides but attempters and controls did. The role of anxiety level was discussed.

scholarly journals The effect of sexual abuse and dissociation on suicide attempt

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silje Støle Brokke ◽  
Thomas Bjerregaard Bertelsen ◽  
Nils Inge Landrø ◽  
Vegard Øksendal Haaland
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract Background Suicide attempt is the most predictive risk factor of suicide. Trauma – especially sexual abuse – is a risk factor for suicide attempt and suicide. A common reaction to sexual abuse is dissociation. Higher levels of dissociation are linked to self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt, but the role of dissociation in suicidal behavior is unclear. Methods In this naturalistic study, ninety-seven acute psychiatric patients with suicidal ideation, of whom 32 had experienced sexual abuse, were included. Suicidal behaviour was assessed with The Columbia suicide history form (CSHF). The Brief trauma questionnaire (BTQ) was used to identify sexual abuse. Dissociative symptoms were assessed with Dissociative experiences scale (DES). Results Patients who had experienced sexual abuse reported higher levels of dissociation and were younger at onset of suicidal thoughts, more likely to self-harm, and more likely to have attempted suicide; and they had made more suicide attempts. Mediation analysis found dissociative experiences to significantly mediate a substantive proportion of the relationship between sexual abuse and number of suicide attempts (indirect effects = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.28, proportion mediated = 68%). Dissociative experiences significantly mediated the role of sexual abuse as a predictor of being in the patient group with more than four suicide attempts (indirect effects = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.19, proportion mediated = 34%). Conclusion The results illustrate the importance of assessment and treatment of sexual abuse and trauma-related symptoms such as dissociation in suicide prevention. Dissociation can be a contributing factor to why some people act on their suicidal thoughts.

The Role of Stress as a Precipitating Factor of Psychiatric Illness

1977 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur P. Schless ◽  
Alicia Teichman ◽  
J. Mendels ◽  
Joseph N. DiGiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Event Histories ◽  
Precipitating Factor

SummaryFifty-six psychiatric patients were interviewed to obtain a record of life events preceding admission to hospital, using a modified version of the Schedule of Recent Experiences. Two control groups were studied for comparison: medical and surgical in-patients and a ‘normal’ population studied independently by Myers. Psychiatric patients reported a significantly larger number of events than the medical-surgical patients, who, in turn, reported significantly more events than the ‘normal’ population. There were no significant differences in the specific life event histories between groups.

Suicidal Models—Their Frequency and Role in Suicide Attempters, Non-Suicidal Psychiatric Patients and Normal Control Cases: A Comparative German-Hungarian Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fekete ◽  
A. Schmidtke
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Increasing evidence suggests that imitative behavior may have a role in suicide. The social transmission of this problem-solving strategy might be explained by the influence of modeling. The authors investigated suicide attempters, psychiatric patients without suicidal history as well as control groups of normal persons without a psychiatric or suicidal history matched for sociodemographic variables in Germany and Hungary. Using a structured questionnaire the occurrence of real and fictive suicidal models was investigated. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the frequency of suicidal models, the characteristics of the suicidal act, and the role of imitation of the different groups in each country. The differences between the German and Hungarian groups were explained according to different cultural factors and different learning histories.

Suicide ideation versus suicide attempt: Examining overlapping and differential determinants in a large cohort of patients with depression and/or anxiety

2020 ◽  
pp. 000486742095125
Author(s):  
Jasper XM Wiebenga ◽  
Merijn Eikelenboom ◽  
Henriette D Heering ◽  
Patricia van Oppen ◽  
Brenda WJH Penninx
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Suicidal Patients

Objective: Individuals with a depressive and/or anxiety disorder are known to have an elevated risk of suicide. However, these diagnoses alone are insufficient at differentiating patients with suicide ideation that attempt suicide from those that do not. Few studies examined such differences in an ideation-to-action framework. Using this framework, extensive multivariate testing was performed to examine differences between suicidal patients with and without a suicide attempt. Method: Data were from 1576 respondents with a depressive and/or anxiety disorder, participating in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze associations between sociodemographic, clinical, personality, and psychosocial risk factors and suicide ideation and attempt. Results: Patients with suicide ideation could be uniquely distinguished from non-suicidal patients by more years of education, presence of a depressive disorder (vs anxiety disorder) and higher introversion. Patients with suicide ideation and a past suicide attempt could be uniquely distinguished from non-suicidal patients by a younger age of onset, a lifetime alcohol use disorder, more external locus of control and lower levels of social support. Within the group of patients with suicide ideation, patients with a suicide attempt were more likely to have childhood trauma and lower education, and be of non-Western descent than patients with suicide ideation and no past attempt. Conclusion: This study found that although various clinical, personality and psychosocial characteristics distinguish patients with suicide ideation from non-suicidal patients, many of these often-cited factors do not distinguish patients with a suicide attempt from those who only think about suicide. However, childhood trauma, lower education and non-Western descent could aid in detecting suicide attempt risk among patients with suicide ideation.

Some Familial and Clinical Characteristics of Female Suicidal Psychiatric Patients

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Birtchnell
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
To Come ◽  
Suicidal Patients

SummaryThe study compares 72 female psychiatric patients who had a history of suicide attempt with 122 who had neither attempted nor contemplated suicide. Of these 194 women, 128 had experienced the death of their mothers before the age of 11, but the proportions of early bereaved and not early bereaved who were suicidal were similar. Not even the events which followed bereavement affected suicidal behaviour, but the suicidal patients tended to come from larger sibships. Poor quality of the marriage and, for the early bereaved only, having three or more children related significantly to suicidal behaviour. The suicidal women were significantly more often described as dependent. Suicidal behaviour was not differentiated on the endogenous/neurotic depressive dichotomy but it was significantly related to severity of depression.

scholarly journals Cognitive Control in Suicide Ideators and Suicide Attempters

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silje Støle Brokke ◽  
Nils Inge Landrø ◽  
Vegard Øksendal Haaland
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Interference Test ◽  
Cognitive Shift

There is a need to understand more of the risk factors involved in the process from suicide ideation to suicide attempt. Cognitive control processes may be important factors in assessing vulnerability to suicide. A version of the Stroop procedure, Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Color–Word Interference Test (CWIT) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-A) were used in this study to test attention control and cognitive shift, as well as to assess everyday executive function of 98 acute suicidal psychiatric patients. The Columbia Suicide History Form (CSHF) was used to identify a group of suicide ideators and suicide attempters. Results showed that suicide attempters scored lower on attention control than suicide ideators who had no history of attempted suicide. The self-report in the BRIEF-A inventory did not reflect any cognitive differences between suicide ideators and suicide attempters. A logistic regression analysis showed that a poorer attention control score was associated with the suicide attempt group, whereas a poorer cognitive shift score was associated with the suicide ideation group. The results found in this study suggest that suicide attempters may struggle with control of attention or inhibiting competing responses but not with cognitive flexibility.

scholarly journals The Role of General Practitioners in Suicide Prevention—What You Said and Did then Actually Saved My Life

Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Marte Styrvold ◽  
Tine K. Grimholt
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Organizational Barriers ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Ideation Methods ◽  
Suicidal Patients

Background: General practitioners (GPs) have an important role in the prevention of suicidal behavior. The purpose of this study was to explore their views and experiences in identifying and assessing suicidal ideation. Methods: Ten GPs were recruited through convenience sampling based on accessibility, interest and willingness to participate. In-depth interviews were carried out, and the results were transcribed verbatim. Aspects of experiences with suicidal patients emerged through the thematic analysis process. Results: The GPs described the varied clinical picture when patients presented in their office. How they identified depressive symptoms apart from originally somatic complaints included forming a trusting relationship and addressing suicide ideation. They described customized interventions as well as obstacles and factors that facilitated communication, including time, their own personal traits, patient’s disclosure and organizational barriers. Conclusions: The levels of the suicidal process among patients in general practice vary greatly. GPs adjust their appraisals to profoundly understand and intervene to prevent a crisis of escalation into subsequent suicidal behavior.

scholarly journals The Role of General Practitioners in Suicide Prevention-What you Said and Did then Actually Saved my Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marte Styrvold ◽  
Tine K. Grimholt
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Organizational Barriers ◽  
Communication Time ◽  
Ideation Methods ◽  
Suicidal Patients

Background: General Practitioners (GP) have an important role in the prevention of suicidal behavior. The purpose of this study was to explore their views and experiences of identifying and assessing suicidal ideation. Methods: Ten GPs were recruited through convenience sampling, based on accessibility, interest and willingness to participate. In-depth interviews were carried out and results transcribed ver-batim. Aspects of experiences with suicidal patients emerged through the thematic analyses process. Results: The GPs described the varied clinical picture when patients presented in their office. How they identified depressive symptoms apart from originally somatic complaints, formed a trusting relationship and addressed suicide ideation. They described customized interventions as well as obstacles and factors that facilitated communication: time, own personal traits, pa-tient’s disclosure and organizational barriers. Conclusions: The levels of the suicidal process among patients in general practice vary greatly. GPs adjust their appraisals to profundity understand and intervene in order to prevent a crisis to escalate into subsequent suicidal behavior.

Attachment Organization in Suicide Prevention Research

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Venta ◽  
Carla Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Harm

Background: Identifying risk factors for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (SRTB) is essential among adolescents in whom SRTB remain a leading cause of death. Although many risk factors have already been identified, influential theories now suggest that the domain of interpersonal relationships may play a critical role in the emergence of SRTB. Because attachment has long been seen as the foundation of interpersonal functioning, we suggest that attachment insecurity warrants attention as a risk factor for SRTB. Aims: This study sought to explore relations between attachment organization and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm in an inpatient adolescent sample, controlling for demographic and psychopathological covariates. Method: We recruited 194 adolescents from an inpatient unit and assigned them to one of four attachment groups (secure, preoccupied, dismissing, or disorganized attachment). Interview and self-report measures were used to create four variables reflecting the presence or absence of suicidal ideation in the last year, single lifetime suicide attempt, multiple lifetime suicide attempts, and lifetime self-harm. Results: Chi-square and regression analyses did not reveal significant relations between attachment organization and SRTB, although findings did confirm previously established relations between psychopathology and SRTB, such that internalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt and externalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm. Conclusion: The severity of this sample and methodological differences from previous studies may explain the nonsignificant findings. Nonsignificant findings may indicate that the relation between attachment organization and SRTB is moderated by other factors that should be explored in future research.

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