Some Correlates of Test-Taking Anxiety

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Science Class ◽  
Total Group ◽  
Test Taking ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Achievement Anxiety

The relations of anxiety as measured by the Alpert-Haber Achievement Anxiety scale to extroversion, neuroticism, and optimism were explored. Anxiety scores were those derived from the Facilitating (helpful) subscale, the Debilitating (crippling) subscale, and the Facilitating minus the Debilitating subscale. Ss were 134 members of a sophomore social science class. For the total group, significant relationships were found among three measures of anxiety and neuroticism and optimism but none with extroversion. By sex, only the males showed the same significant correlations as the total sample. Further studies, particularly with the anxiety measures, must be cautious of possible sex differences. Since the relationships found among neuroticism, optimism, and the anxiety types were logical, some construct validity is derived for the Alpert-Haber scale.

Test-Taking Anxiety and Psychological Needs

1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Science Class ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
Test Taking ◽  
Anxiety Test ◽  
Edwards Personal Preference Schedule ◽  
Achievement Anxiety

Facilitating (F) and debilitating (D) test-taking anxieties as measured by the Alpert-Haber Achievement Anxiety Test were correlated with psychological needs as measured by the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (PPS). Ss were 201 members (98 males, 103 females) of a sophomore social science class. For F anxiety, significant correlations for males were obtained with Needs-Achievement, Affiliation, Intraception, Succorance, Exhibition and Nurturance. For D anxiety, the significant correlations for males were Needs-Abasement, Exhibition, Achievement, Deference and Dominance. For females, F anxiety was only correlated with Needs-Achievement, while D anxiety was related to Needs-Intraception, Order and Exhibition. It appears that certain personality needs seem related to these types of anxieties, particularly for males.

Some Reliability and Validity Considerations on Australian Data from the Death Anxiety Scale

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Warren ◽  
P. N. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Australian Context ◽  
Do So

Data derived from an administration of the Death Anxiety Scale [1] to Australian samples is analyzed with a view to providing comparative cross-cultural observations as well as some indication of realiability and validity in the Australian context. Measures of central tendency and dispersion and sex differences were found to be comparable with other surveys of similar groups to those of the present study. The Scale does not appear to suffer from acquisence set, is internally reliable and groups that would be expected to score lower than others, do so – providing some indication of construct validity. The Scale is not “factorially-pure,” however, and at least three “sub-scales” can be identified. These sub-scales are analyzed and discussed.

The validity of the Melancholia Scale (MES) in predicting outcome of antidepressants in chronic idiopathic pain disorders

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Loldrup ◽  
M Langemark ◽  
HJ Hansen ◽  
M Kastrup ◽  
K Jeppesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Scale Score ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Idiopathic Pain ◽  
Hamilton Anxiety Scale ◽  
Structure Evaluation ◽  
Hamilton Anxiety

SummaryIn patients with chronic idiopathic pain disorders we have analysed the construct validity of the Melancholia Scale as compared to the results with the scale in primary depression. The patients (n= 253) were treated in a placebo controlled trial with either clomipramine or mianserin independently of the Melancholia score. The construct validity of the Melancholia Scale was further analysed by the testing of the intensity model of depression versus anxiety using the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and the Melancholia Scale. The construct validity in terms of scale homogeneity was analysed by Loevinger coefficients which can be considered as a latent structure evaluation. The Melancholia Scale showed acceptable homogeneity, while the Hamilton Anxiety Scale lacked sufficient homogeneity. In total, 33% of the patients had a score of 10 or more on the Melancholia Scale (corresponding to 13 or more on the Hamilton Depression Scale). The predictive validity of the Melancholia Scale was evaluated using active treatment versus placebo response after 6 weeks of therapy. It was shown that in patients with a Melancholia Scale score of 10 or more (corresponding to “less than major depression”) 72% had full recovery when treated with clomipramine, while 36% of the placebo treated patients obtained a full recovery (P≤0.05). The patients treated with mianserin obtained a full recovery in 52%. The group of patients with a Melancholia Scale score of 10 or more scored higher also on the anxiety scales indicating that the relation between depression and anxiety is a matter of severity. The depressed patients had significantly lower imipramine binding sites than the non-depressed patients.

scholarly journals Validation of the German Life-Space Assessment (LSA-D): cross-sectional validation study in urban and rural community-dwelling older adults

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049926
Author(s):  
Sandra Angelika Mümken ◽  
Paul Gellert ◽  
Malte Stollwerck ◽  
Julie Lorraine O'Sullivan ◽  
Joern Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Life Space ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

ObjectivesTo develop a German version of the original University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment (LSA-D) for measurement of community mobility in older adults within the past 4 weeks and to evaluate its construct validity for urban and rural populations of older adults.DesignCross-sectional validation study.SettingTwo study centres in urban and rural German outpatient hospital settings.ParticipantsIn total, N=83 community-dwelling older adults were recruited (n=40 from urban and n=43 from rural areas; mean age was 78.5 years (SD=5.4); 49.4% men).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe final version of the translated LSA-D was related to limitations in activities and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/iADL) as primary outcome measure (primary hypothesis); and with sociodemographic factors, functional mobility, self-rated health, balance confidence and history of falls as secondary outcome measures to obtain construct validity. Further descriptive measurements of health included hand grip strength, screening of cognitive function, comorbidities and use of transportation. To assess construct validity, correlations between LSA-D and the primary and secondary outcome measures were examined for the total sample, and urban and rural subsamples using bivariate regression and multiple adjusted regression models. Descriptive analyses of LSA-D included different scoring methods for each region. All parameters were estimated using non-parametric bootstrapping procedure.ResultsIn the multiple adjusted model for the total sample, number of ADL/iADL limitations (β=−0.26; 95% CI=−0.42 to −0.08), Timed Up and Go Test (β=−0.37; 95% CI=−0.68 to −0.14), shared living arrangements (β=0.22; 95% CI=0.01 to 0.44) and history of falls in the past 6 months (β=−0.22; 95% CI=−0.41 to −0.05) showed significant associations with the LSA-D composite score, while living in urban area (β=−0.19; 95% CI=−0.42 to 0.03) and male gender (β=0.15; 95% CI=−0.04 to 0.35) were not significant.ConclusionThe LSA-D is a valid tool for measuring life-space mobility in German community-dwelling older adults within the past 4 weeks in ambulant urban and rural settings.Trial registration numberDRKS00019023.

IQ Constancy in Disadvantaged Negro Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman A. Milgram
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Test Taking ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
Initial Comparison ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Formal Test

A longitudinal followup of 59 disadvantaged Negro children from age 3 to 8 indicated that: (1) their mean Binet IQ was relatively stable, while their Peabody IQ rose appreciably; (2) the magnitude of the correlation between earlier and later IQ scores was a function of the interval between test-retest and the age of the child on the initial comparison test; (3) ratings on test-taking behavior yielded significant sex differences and age trends; (4) ratings specific to formal test performance were significantly correlated with IQ scores of tests taken concurrent to the ratings and of tests taken one or more years later; (5) these ratings did not, however, enhance in multiple regression the correlation which obtained for predictor and criterion IQ scores alone. Findings were discussed in relation to other studies.

Experience of Loneliness by Obese Individuals

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1147-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack F. Schumaker ◽  
Richard C. Krejci ◽  
Linwood Small ◽  
Roger G. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Relationship

The present study assessed the relationship between obesity and reported loneliness. The subjects, 68 obese and 64 nonobese individuals, were administered the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Obese subjects had significantly higher loneliness ratings than nonobese subjects. Obese women had significantly higher loneliness scores than nonobese women but no such difference was found between obese men and their thin peers. A significant correlation of .25 was obtained between body weight and loneliness ratings within the total sample and also the obese women ( r = .29). This correlation was nonsignificant within the obese men. Possible explanations for the observed sex differences as well as implications for research and treatment, were discussed.

A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE URINARY EXCRETION OF INDIVIDUAL STEROIDS IN CHILDREN FROM 3 TO 7 YEARS OLD

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gupta ◽  
W. A. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Trend ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
Cortisol Metabolites

ABSTRACT A longitudinal study was made of the daily urinary excretion, on or near each birthday, of a number of C19 and C21 steroids in 9 healthy girls and 5 healthy boys aged 3 to 7 years. The amount of androsterone excreted by each individual increased slowly during the period of study but the absolute amounts varied greatly between individuals. The excretion of aetiocholanolone was greater than that of androsterone, contrary to reported findings in older children. Small amounts of DHA were found. Testosterone was found in only about 40% of samples; epitestosterone in 70 % and 11β-OH-androsterone in only 62 %. Cortisol metabolites were excreted in amounts which increased with age and all three metabolites of corticosterone were present in most specimens. 11-Deoxycortisol was found in about 50 % of the samples and THS in 63 %. The mean trend in the ratio of glucuronides to sulphates of the 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroids decreased with increasing age, but the 11-deoxy-11-oxy ratio of 17-oxosteroids increased as did the 5α/5β ratio of the C19 and C21 steroids. No sex differences were observed. The excretion of cortisol metabolites showed a positive correlation with height and weight. 11-Deoxy-17-oxosteroids were positively correlated with the weight. No significant relationships between steroid excretion and skeletal maturity were found.

Reliability and Validity of the Ego and Discomfort Anxiety Inventory

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 384-386
Author(s):  
Victor L. Whiteman ◽  
Clayton T. Shorkey
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Social Work Students ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
State University ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Work Class

This article reports significant test-retest reliability scores for the Ego and Discomfort Anxiety Inventory. Positive significant correlations with the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale supported the construct validity of the Ego Anxiety Scale. Positive significant correlations with the Costello-Comrey Anxiety Scale supported the construct validity of the Discomfort Anxiety Scale. The sample included 28 graduate social work students in a research methods class and 28 undergraduate students in an introductory social work class at Michigan State University.

Schoolwork-Ability Estimates and Aspirations as a Function of Socioeconomic Level, Race, and Sex

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth C. Wylie ◽  
Edwin B. Hutchins
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Career Aspirations ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Total Group ◽  
Ability Estimates ◽  
Self Reports

Questionnaire data from 4245 Ss, Grades 7—12, were used to test hypotheses about the influence of cultural learning on self-regard and aspirations and to examine stability of findings across times, schools, and communities. Some major findings were: Socioeconomic level was positively associated with (1) self-estimated scholastic ability and achievement, (2) scholastic and career aspirations, (3) perceived parental and peer encouragement. Equal or greater proportions of Negroes (as compared to whites) gave favorable self-reports on (1) scholastic ability, (2) scholastic and career aspirations, (3) perceived parental and peer encouragements. No consistent sex differences occurred regarding (1) self-estimated scholastic ability or (2) career aspirations. In the total group of Ss marked tendencies toward self-overestimation of scholastic ability occurred.

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