Sentence Recall as Affected by Task Instructions and Delay

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
Susan E. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Depth Of Processing ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Task Control ◽  
Sentence Recall ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Better Than

The present experiment was designed to investigate the effects of orienting tasks on sentence recall. Three task conditions were included, a phonemic-task, a semantic-task, and a “no-orienting-task” control group. Both immediate and delayed recall were tested. As predicted, subjects in the semantic condition performed significantly better than those given phonemic instructions. On immediate recall, the performance of control subjects was similar to that of semantic subjects but superior to phonemic subjects. When the retention test was delayed, the difference between control and phonemic groups was nonsignificant. The results are not consistent with the depth-of-processing model.

Effects of Knowledge of Semantic Roles on Recall of Written Prose

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Christopherson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
And Control ◽  
Better Than

Readers in an experimental treatment group were taught semantic roles, such as Agent, Object, and Instrument. Delayed recall of prose which was read after learning semantic roles was significantly better than delayed recall by a control group. Immediate recall was not significantly affected. The influence of semantic roles on delayed recall apparently occurred at the time of reading the prose rather than during recall; when the semantic roles were learned after the prose reading and before recall, then the recall of the experimental and control groups did not differ. The results were not related to the attitudes of the two groups toward the respective treatments.

scholarly journals Women have Farther to Fall: Gender Differences Between Normal Elderly and Alzheimer's Disease in Verbal Memory Engender Better Detection of Alzheimer's Disease in Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Chapman ◽  
Mark Mapstone ◽  
Margaret N. Gardner ◽  
Tiffany C. Sandoval ◽  
John W. McCrary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Immediate Recall

AbstractWe analyzed verbal episodic memory learning and recall using the Logical Memory (LM) subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III to determine how gender differences in AD compare to those seen in normal elderly and whether or not these differences impact assessment of AD. We administered the LM to both an AD and a Control group, each comprised of 21 men and 21 women, and found a large drop in performance from normal elders to AD. Of interest was a gender interaction whereby the women's scores dropped 1.6 times more than the men's did. Control women on average outperformed Control men on every aspect of the test, including immediate recall, delayed recall, and learning. Conversely, AD women tended to perform worse than AD men. Additionally, the LM achieved perfect diagnostic accuracy in discriminant analysis of AD versus Control women, a statistically significantly higher result than for men. The results indicate the LM is a more powerful and reliable tool in detecting AD in women than in men. (JINS, 2011, 17, 654–662)

scholarly journals Effectiveness and Prognosis: Drainage Skin-Bridge Sparing Surgery Combined with Fistulotomy versus Fistulotomy Only in the Treatment of Anal Fistula

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Chunliang Wang ◽  
Ruihua Qi
Keyword(s):  
Anal Fistula ◽  
Postoperative Bleeding ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anal Function ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Voiding Function ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Objective. This study intends to analyze the difference in the efficacy of drainage skin-bridge sparing surgery combined fistulotomy (DSCF) and fistulotomy alone. Methods. 125 patients with anal fistula were enrolled as study subjects and randomly divided into control group (CG) and observation group (OG) by double-blind lottery. The CG received drainage skin-bridge sparing surgery with fistulotomy and the OG received fistulotomy only. Results. The VAS scores of the trauma in the OG were lower than those in the CG on 1st day of surgery and 7 days after surgery ( P < 0.05 ). The length of hospital stay and time to wound healing were shorter in the OG than in the CG ( P < 0.05 ). The incidence of postoperative bleeding in the OG was 9.52%, which was lower than 22.58% in the CG ( P < 0.05 ). The rectal examination scores were lower in the OG than in the CG at 3 and 5 days postoperatively ( P < 0.05 ). The Wexner scores of solid incontinence (0 to 4), liquid incontinence (0 to 4), gas incontinence (0 to 4), pad wearing (0 to 4), and lifestyle alteration (0 to 4) in the OG were lower than those of the CG at 5 days postoperatively ( P < 0.05 ). Voiding function scores were lower in the OG than in the CG at 2 and 3 days postoperatively ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions. The efficacy of drainage skin-bridge sparing surgery combined fistulotomy is better than that of fistulotomy alone, which can accelerate postoperative healing, enhance urinary function, reduce postoperative bleeding, and improve anal function.

Arthroscopic Debridement Combined with Rehabilitation Training in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 3384-3388
Author(s):  
Wei Sun ◽  
Wenjie Yu ◽  
Yanhua Wang ◽  
Guangliang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Total Effective Rate ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Arthroscopic Debridement ◽  
Rehabilitation Training ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Score Result ◽  
Better Than

Objective: The clinical effect of arthroscopic debridement combined with rehabilitation training in the treatment of knee arthritis was studied and analyzed. Methods: A total of 90 patients with knee osteoarthritis treated in our hospital from August 2017 to August 2018 were selected as the research objects. All patients were divided into the observation group and the control group by using the random number method. The control group was treated by arthroscopic cleaning operation, and the observation group was treated by combined rehabilitation training on the basis of the treatment in the control group. The total effective rate and simple McGill pain of the two groups were compared Score and lyshoim score. Result: The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), the difference was statistically significant; after treatment, the simple McGill pain score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), the difference was statistically significant, the lyshoim score of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group (P < 0.05), the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: In the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, arthroscopic debridement combined with rehabilitation training has a significant effect, which can significantly reduce the pain and improve the prognosis of patients. It is worth popularizing in clinical treatment.

Analysis of Nursing Cooperation in Microscopic Pituitary Tumor Resection via Transsphenoidal Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 6445-6452
Author(s):  
Haijuan Hu ◽  
Yishu Zhao ◽  
Jianhua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Transsphenoidal Approach ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

To analyze the clinical effect of nursing cooperation in transsphenoidal approach microscopic hypophysectomy. From January 2017 to January 2020, 80 patients who underwent transsphenoidal microscopic hypophysectomy in our hospital were selected to participate in the analysis and study. They were divided into two groups according to the randomized allocation, namely the observation group and the control group. Among them, 40 patients in the observation group and 40 patients in the control group were given routine nursing care for the patients in the control group, and comprehensive nursing intervention was adopted for the patients in the observation group, and the overall nursing effect of the two groups of patients was compared. After taking different nursing methods, the condition of patients in both groups was effectively controlled, and the effective rate of patients in the observation group with comprehensive nursing intervention was significantly better than that of patients in the control group with conventional nursing methods, and the difference had certain statistical significance (P < 0.05); The satisfaction degree of patients in the study group was significantly better than that of patients in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The degree of negative emotions of patients in the study group was significantly better than that of patients in the control group after receiving comprehensive nursing intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); The scores of each index of SF-36 questionnaire of patients in both groups were higher than those before nursing, and the scores of each index of patients in observation group were higher than those of patients in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P > 0.05). With adequate preoperative preparation and mastery of the use of mechanical equipment, comprehensive nursing intervention can effectively improve the treatment effect of patients, make patients more satisfied with the nursing work, and can soothe patients’ negative psychological mood, eliminate panic, improve patients' life confidence, enhance intraoperative cooperation, and ensure that the operation can be completed smoothly.

Immediate and Delayed Recall of Visually Presented Sentences:

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Rummer
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Phonological Information ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Lexical Priming ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
Sentence Recall ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Normal Reading

Abstract. The lure intrusion effect refers to the observation that lexical priming affects recall of sentences. This effect is taken as evidence against the contribution of surface information, even with immediate sentence recall. Recently, Rummer and Engelkamp (2003a ) demonstrated that this effect, which is usually observed under rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), does not appear under immediate recall of auditorily presented sentences. This finding indicates that surface information (i.e., phonological or acoustic-sensory information) can contribute to immediate sentence recall. So far, however, the findings do not allow for a decision on whether phonological and/or acoustic-sensory information is used in immediate sentence recall. In order to dissociate the two kinds of surface information, an experiment was conducted in which immediate and delayed recall were tested for sentences that were visually presented for a longer period of time than in RSVP. This kind of presentation should support phonological representations, but does not allow for acoustic-sensory representations. The findings showed a smaller intrusion effect for immediate than for delayed recall. This indicates that, if available, phonological information is involved in immediate sentence recall thereby reducing the lure intrusion effect. Furthermore, the findings support the assumption that the phonological trace provided via RSVP reading is weaker than in normal reading.

scholarly journals The Difference between the Effect of Green Tea Cream and Tocopherol on Decreasing Level of Tyrosinase Enzyme and Amount of Melanin in Rattus norvegicus Exposed to UVB Rays

Sains Medika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Anwar Riyanto ◽  
Taufiqurrachman Nasihun ◽  
Titiek Sumarawati
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Topical Cream ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tyrosinase Enzyme ◽  
Uvb Exposure ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Better Than

Introduction: Green tea and tocopherol are potent antioxidants used to treat melasma. However, whether green tea or tocopherol is superior remains unclear. Objective: To compare the effectiveness between green tea and tocopherol in decreasing the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level in wistar rats exposed to UVB rays.Methods: The experimental study took 30 male Wistar rats randomly and divided them into 3 groups. The control group (C-G) was given basic topical cream, GT-G was given green tea topical cream and TC-G was given tocopherol topical cream. All rats were exposed to UVB every Monday, Wednesday and Friday for 4 weeks, whereas topical creams were smeared every day. Topical creams smearing on the same day with UVB exposure was performed 20 minutes before exposure and 4 hours after UVB exposure. The doses of UVB were 50 mJ/cm2 in first week, 70mJ/cm2 in the second week and 80mJ/cm2 in the third and fourth weeks. The amount of melanin was measured using pixel method and the tyrosinase level was measured using ELISA.Results: Anova analysis indicates that the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level are significantly different between groups, p<0.05. Post Hoc LSD analysis indicates that the amount of melanin in GT-G and TC-G are significantly lower than that of C-G, p<0.05. The amount of melanin in GT-G is lower than that of TC-G, p<0.05. The tyrosinase level in GT-G is significantly lower than that of C-G and TC-G, p<0.05. Meanwhile, the tyrosinase level in TC-G is lower than that of C-G but insignificantly, p>0.05.� Conclusion: Green tea topical treatment is significantly capable of decreasing the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level better than tocopherol.

scholarly journals Perbedaan daya pembersih kavitas saponin ekstrak kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana Linn) 0,78% dan asam sitrat 6% (The difference of 0,78% saponin from mangosteen pericarp extract and 6% citric acid for cleanliness of cavity)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ivon Dewi Setianingrum ◽  
Ketut Suardita ◽  
Ari Subiyanto ◽  
Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Inorganic Particles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dental Cavities ◽  
Better Than

Background: Cleanliness of cavity is considered important for a restoration. Smear layer formed after cavity preparation should be removed in order not to disrupt the bond adhesion between restorative materials and dental cavities. Saponins contained in mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) have surfactant properties that can eliminate the smear layer assessed. 6% citric acid is a chelating agent which can eliminate the inorganic particles of the smear layer. Until now, the research on the differences of 0,78% saponin from mangosteen pericarp extract and 6% citric acid for cleanliness of cavity has never been done. Purpose: To see the differences between 0,78% saponin from mangosteen pericarp extract and 6% citric acid as cavity cleanser. Method: Eighteen human teeth with complete crown, no caries,  and no fractures were randomized in 3 groups (n≥6), in this experiment use (n=6). The cavity was prepared using wheels bur for hand use instrument. After instrumentation, each cavity on the first group used  0,78% saponin from mangosteen pericarp extract as cavity cleanser, the second group used 6% citric acid as cavity cleanser, and the control group used aquadest. Then, the teeth were split to be observed on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Result: For Mann- Whitney test there were significant differences just between 078% saponin from mangosteen pericarp extract with 6% citric acid, and 6% citric acid with aquadest, but not for 0,78% saponin from mangosteen pericarp extract with aquadest. Median value of 6% citric acid showed 2,000 which is the smallest value compared to the value of the other groups. Conclusion: The cleanliness of cavity with 6% citric acid is better than that with 0,78%  saponin from mangosteen pericarp extract. 

The Low Temperature Fracture of Asphalt Composite Reinforced by Basalt Glass Powder and Basalt Fiber

2012 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 816-818
Author(s):  
Jian Li Lou ◽  
Hua Wu Liu ◽  
Ai Yun Pang ◽  
Han Sun ◽  
Shu Wei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Powder ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Failure Strain ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rock Powder ◽  
Basalt Glass ◽  
Temperature Fracture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

The bending strength and failure stain at -10 oC were used to evaluate the anti-facture properties of asphalt composite in winter. The samples with lime rock powder had the basalt fiber contents 0%, 0.2%, 0.25% and 0.3%, respectively. The bending strength and failure stain curves were convex and the maximum values reached at 0.25% basalt fiber content, which were 11.52MPa and 3450 ×10-6. The difference of bending strength between the maximum and the control group was 5.4%, which was insignificant. The difference of failure strain between the maximum and the control group was 13%, which was significant. The samples with basalt glass powder had the basalt fiber contents 0%, 0.2%, 0.25% and 0.3%, respectively. When the fiber contents were 0.2%, 0.25% and 0.3%, the increments of bending strengths in comparison with the control group were 7.6%, 12.4% and 10.8%, respectively. The difference of failure strain between the maximum and the control group was 8.8%, which was remarkable as well. The basalt glass powder is better than the traditional lime rock powder, as the filler of asphalt composite.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Latihan Aerobik Dan Anaerobik Terhadap Profl Lipid Pada Tikus Rattus Norvegicus Wistar

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Budijanto Budijanto
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Better Than

Doing exercises regularly is useful to help improve strength, frmness, and endurance and also to avoid early aging process The best exercises to make body healthy are swimming, quick hiking, jogging, and cycling. The goal of the research was to verify the difference of influence toward aerobic and anaerobic exercises towards the change of cholesterol, cholesterol HDL and LDL as well as ratio of cholesterol HDL and LDL. The research was experimental using post test and control group. The sample was classifed into three groups, each of which consisting 10 mice and then randomly aerobic and anaerobic exercises and control group were done. The aerobic exercise by swimming used 3% burden of body weight for 13 minutes and the anaerobic exercise 9% for 0ne minute by taking rest for 3 minutes intermittently as many as 4 sets, while control group did it without exercise. Based on the data analysis, it was found that aerobic exercises was effective to reduce cholesterol, improve cholesterol of HDL and LDL, and ratio of cholesterol of HDL and LDL. In addition the aerobic exercise was better than anaerobic exercise

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