Demographic Variables and Microcog Performance: Relationships for VA Patients under Treatment for Substance Abuse

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane J. Lopez ◽  
Joseph J. Ryan ◽  
Scott W. Sumerall ◽  
James W. Lichtenberg ◽  
Doug Glasnapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Mental Control ◽  
Domain Scores

The associations of demographic variables with cognitive performance, as measured by the MicroCog ability domain scores, were assessed with 222 substance abusers who were patients in a VA medical center. Analysis indicated that age was negatively related to all five outcomes scores, and education was positively related to measures assessing Attention/Mental Control and Reasoning/Calculation. These findings are consistent with past theoretical and applied research. The demographic variables, as a group, accounted for a total of 17% to 37% of the variance in the five domain scores.

Substance Abuse in Older Psychiatric Inpatients

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Wetterling ◽  
Klaus Junghanns
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Severe Withdrawal ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Multiple Substance ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders

Abstract. Aim: This study investigates the characteristics of older patients with substance abuse disorders admitted to a psychiatric department serving about 250.000 inhabitants. Methods: The clinical diagnoses were made according to ICD-10. The data of the patients with substance abuse were compared to a matched sample of psychiatric inpatients without substance abuse as well as to a group of former substance abusers with long-term abstinence. Results: 19.3 % of the 941 patients aged > 65 years showed current substance abuse, 9.4 % consumed alcohol, 7.9 % took benzodiazepines or z-drugs (zolpidem and zopiclone), and 7.0 % smoked tobacco. Multiple substance abuse was rather common (30.8 %). About 85 % of the substance abusers had psychiatric comorbidity, and about 30 % showed severe withdrawal symptoms. As with the rest of the patients, somatic multimorbidity was present in about 70 % of the substance abusers. Remarkable was the lower rate of dementia in current substance abusers. Conclusion: These results underscore that substance abuse is still a challenge in the psychiatric inpatient treatment of older people.

scholarly journals Slow Wave Sleep and EEG Delta Spectral Power are Associated with Cognitive Function in Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kimberly H. Wood ◽  
Adeel A. Memon ◽  
Raima A. Memon ◽  
Allen Joop ◽  
Jennifer Pilkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Domain Scores

Background: Cognitive and sleep dysfunction are common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: Determine the relationship between slow wave sleep (SWS) and cognitive performance in PD. Methods: Thirty-two PD participants were evaluated with polysomnography and a comprehensive level II neurocognitive battery, as defined by the Movement Disorders Society Task Force for diagnosis of PD-mild cognitive impairment. Raw scores for each test were transformed into z-scores using normative data. Z-scores were averaged to obtain domain scores, and domain scores were averaged to determine the Composite Cognitive Score (CCS), the primary outcome. Participants were grouped by percent of SWS into High SWS and Low SWS groups and compared on CCS and other outcomes using 2-sided t-tests or Mann-Whitney U. Correlations of cognitive outcomes with sleep architecture and EEG spectral power were performed. Results: Participants in the High SWS group demonstrated better global cognitive function (CCS) (p = 0.01, effect size: r = 0.45). In exploratory analyses, the High SWS group showed better performance in domains of executive function (effect size: Cohen’s d = 1.05), language (d = 0.95), and processing speed (d = 1.12). Percentage of SWS was correlated with global cognition and executive function, language, and processing speed. Frontal EEG delta power during N3 was correlated with the CCS and executive function. Cognition was not correlated with subjective sleep quality. Conclusion: Increased SWS and higher delta spectral power are associated with better cognitive performance in PD. This demonstrates the significant relationship between sleep and cognitive function and suggests that interventions to improve sleep might improve cognition in individuals with PD.

Discriminating between Substance Abusers with Single and Dual Diagnoses Using MMPI Profiles and the MAC Andrews Alcoholism Scale: Axis I and Axis II Subtypes

1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald H. Rozensky ◽  
Barbara Neirick ◽  
Gary M. Slotnick ◽  
Debra Morse
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Substance Abusing ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Dual Diagnoses ◽  
Axis I

The MacAndrews Scale of the MMPI differentiated 21 dual-diagnosis substance abusers with a DSM-III—R, Axis I diagnosis from a group of 21 single-diagnosis substance abusers and 18 dual-diagnosis substance abusers with an Axis II diagnosis. Subjects were 50 substance-abuse only and 39 dual-diagnosis, hospitalized men. Research must take into account the heterogeneous nature of psychiatric diagnoses within the substance-abusing population.

Immediate drop-out rate in adolescent substance abusers: an out-patient chart review from North India

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidharth Arya ◽  
Rajiv Gupta ◽  
Sunila Rathee ◽  
Vinay Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Family Type ◽  
North India ◽  
Substance Users ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Adolescent Substance

Abstract Introduction: Although a number of management strategies are available for adolescent substance abusers, the outcomes are limited due to high drop out. The factors related to drop out in adolescent substance users, especially in low and middle income countries (LAMIC) have been sparsely studied. Objective: To study the personal, family and clinical variables related to immediate drop out in adolescent substance abusers. Materials and methods: A retrospective outpatient chart review was carried out for adolescent substance abusers aged 12–19 years from January 2012 to December 2014. Results: Of the 89 patients, 57 (64%) dropped out immediately. The majority of adolescent substance users were >17 years (85%), having some education (90%), belonging to a joint family (76%), having good family support (66%). Drop out was higher in those with later onset and less duration of substance abuse (3.42 vs. 2.36, p=0.014), not currently employed/attending school (OR=2.65, 95% CI=1.04–6.70), not having a psychiatric comorbidity, using a single substance and abusing cannabis. Factors like school drop out, background, family type and support and the relationship to the accompanying person were not associated with immediate drop out. Conclusion: Later onset, lesser duration of substance use, not currently employed/attending school, absence of psychiatric illness and using cannabis were associated with drop out from outpatient treatment. These factors must be thoroughly addressed in substance abuse interventions.

scholarly journals A study of socio-demographic profile and pattern of drug use among substance abusers attending mind care de-addiction center in Ahmedabad

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Bhavesh B. Prajapati ◽  
Mihir R. Dedun ◽  
Harshdev S. Jalfava ◽  
Aparajita A. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Substance abuse has emerged as a global phenomenon and prevalent throughout the world in all the cultures. Abuse of alcoholic beverages and tobacco are endemic in many societies, whilst the abuse of other psychoactive substances is growing concern in India. It has major impact on physical, psychological, social and environmental aspect of life.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out amongst 100 persons attended at Mind Care de-addiction centre, Ahmedabad during the period of 1st January to 28th February 2018 with the help of pretested semi structured questionnaire.Results: Majority of the substance abusers were males (98%) and within the age group of 31 to 45 years (46%). Out of total abusers 28% were graduate and 47% doing skilled work. Majority of study participants were married (47%), belong to joint families (92%) and belongs to socio economic class I and II (50%). Most commonly used drug was alcohol (64%), followed by tobacco (20%), cannabis (12%) and opium (4%). Majority of users started to use it for social reasons (33%) and stress (26%). They got it for the first time from friends in 62% cases and 36% got by themselves. Health related changes were experienced in more than 50% of cases. Out of them, 84% feel improvement after visiting the centre.Conclusions: Drug use pattern is ever changing and has emerged as a global burden as it causes serious public health problems. There is a felt need for the assessment of the evolving trends of substance abuse. And suitable interventions for primary prevention should be considered. 

scholarly journals Prognosis and Complications of Attempted Suicidal Hanging

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Azadeh Memarian ◽  
Kamran Aghakhani ◽  
Babak Soltani ◽  
Siamak Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The Body ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization

Background: Hanging is a form of strangulation, in which the body is suspended through the neck and the weight of the body acts as a constricting force. This study assessed various factors on the outcome of hanging and identification of prognostic factors related to the outcomes.Methods: Ninety-nine hanging victims from 1995 to 2015 in Iran were evaluated; then, variables such as the cause of death, distribution of mortality, duration of hospitalization, substance abuse consumption, respiratory distress, and cerebral edema were studied in these people. Finally, the data were analyzed.Results: Major cases of suicide by hanging were men. In connection with prognosis, about 12% of the deaths occurred in men and about 21% were represented in women. More importantly, in the matter of suspension, the model was largely incomplete to complete. Also, the outcomes of pulmonary stress and cerebral edema were recognized in association with the type of hanging and mortality prognosis.Conclusion: Only two risk factors, including loss of consciousness at the time of entry into the medical center, as well as the complete suspension, would be predictive operations of death and unsuccessful revival.

Time Perspective of Substance Abuse Patients: Comparison of the Scales in Stanford Time Perspective Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Hopelessness Scale

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Breier-Williford ◽  
Ronald K. Bramlett
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Beck Hopelessness Scale

This study examined the correlations between the Stanford Time Perspective Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale for an in-patient substance-abuse population of 50. Analysis did not support the hypothesis that substance abusers would be more likely to be present-hedonistic and present-fatalistic rather than past- or future-oriented. However, the results modestly supported the hypothesis that future orientation would be negatively correlated with scores on depression and hopelessness measures. In this sample, there was a slight tendency toward the time orientations of future- and present-fatalistic. Correlations among scores on the three measures were generally low (range = .06 to −.38).

ADHD Is Associated With a Widespread Pattern of Risky Behavior Across Activity Domains

2019 ◽  
pp. 108705471987578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Shoham ◽  
Edmund Sonuga-Barke ◽  
Ilan Yaniv ◽  
Yehuda Pollak
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Comorbid Disorders ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Dangerous Driving

Objective: ADHD has been linked to higher engagement in risky behaviors in circumscribed domains such as dangerous driving, substance abuse, and gambling. This study tests whether ADHD is associated with a pervasive tendency to engage in risky behavior across a spectrum of activities and domains, and whether this tendency is driven by comorbid disorders. Method: A sample of 97 adults with ADHD and 103 typically developing controls completed a self-report questionnaire measuring the likelihood and frequency of engaging in a broad range of risky behaviors. ADHD, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and demographic variables were extensively assessed using standardized instruments. Results: Participants with ADHD reported a pervasive tendency to engage in risky behaviors across multiple activities. This tendency was associated with ADHD over and above the contribution of comorbid psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: These results suggest that ADHD is uniquely linked to a pervasive pattern of engagement in risky behaviors.

Construing clients with substance abuse problems as alcoholics

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-152
Author(s):  
Ilkka Arminen ◽  
Riikka Perälä
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Treatment Programme ◽  
Disease Concept ◽  
Multiprofessional Team ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
Spoken Interaction

The article is concerned with the way that a 12-step treatment programme construes a certain kind of image of its clients and their substance abuse problems. The main focus is on how the basic assumptions of the treatment programme are reproduced and maintained at the weekly meetings of the multiprofessional team running the programme. The article offers a behind-the-scenes look at the 12-step treatment programme: in particular, we are interested in the ways that the staff process and use the background information available on the clients admitted. We want to know how the methods and approaches used by the multiprofessional team shape and influence the kind of treatment that the clients will receive. Based originally on the AA recovery programme, the 12-step treatment programme draws on the disease concept of alcoholism. One of our main observations is that this disease concept is conducive to selective and purposive working methods in the programme. Information on the patients' background or their test results are systematically so interpreted that the outcome confirms the view that the clients are indeed alcoholics who can only be treated by methods that are consistent with the programme ideology. Strict normative expectations are placed upon clients in the programme, and any sign of deviation will be interpreted as resistance and reluctance on the part of substance abusers to deal with their own alcohol problems. In this way the programme itself may produce resistance among clients and the staff may easily elicit the resistance and denial that they regard as symptoms of alcoholism. A key focus in the article is on the interactive techniques and tactics applied in the programme to construe clients' alcohol problems in a manner that fits in with the institution's treatment culture. These techniques and tactics are studied using the methods of conversation analysis. The material consists of videorecordings from seven staff meetings in spring 1997, which have been transcribed in line with CA conventions. The focus of our analysis is not on spoken interaction, but we are chiefly interested in demonstrating how the institutional beliefs and values of the treatment programme determine the interactive planning of treatments.

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