scholarly journals Chronic fluoxetine treatment induces lipid accumulation but does not alter the expression of Pref-1 in rat adipose tissue

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
László-István Bába ◽  
Zsolt Gáll ◽  
István Lóránt Bíró ◽  
Tibor Mezei ◽  
Imre Zoltán Kun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Fluoxetine Treatment ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Chronic Fluoxetine ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract This study aims to investigate the effects of chronic fluoxetine (FLX) treatment on preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) expression in subcutaneous, visceral and brown adipose tissues, and on the size of vacuoles in a dipocytes obtained from the perirenal regions in rats. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were treated with FLX at two different doses and fourteen animals received vehicle. After 40 days of treatment, the subcutaneous, perirenal and interscapular adipose tissues were collected. Pref-1 expression was examined using an immunohistochemical method and the vacuolar area was measured in stained sections. In the low dose FLX group, the size of vacuoles increased both in male and female animals. The high dose of FLX also induced a significant increase of vacuole size, but only in male animals. Neither of the two doses of FLX has significantly affected the Pref-1 expression in any type of adipose tissue.

Thermogenic effect of triiodothyroacetic acid at low doses in rat adipose tissue without adverse side effects in the thyroid axis

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (4) ◽  
pp. E688-E697 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Medina-Gomez ◽  
R. M. Calvo ◽  
M.-J. Obregon
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue

Triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) is a physiological product of triiodothyronine (T3) metabolism, with high affinity for T3 nuclear receptors. Its interest stems from its potential thermogenic effects. Thus this work aimed 1) to clarify these thermogenic effects mediated by TRIAC vs. T3 in vivo and 2) to determine whether they occurred predominantly in adipose tissues. To examine this, control rats were infused with equimolar T3 or TRIAC doses (0.8 or 4 nmol·100 g body wt−1·day−1) or exposed for 48 h to cold. Both T3 doses and only the highest TRIAC dose inhibited plasma and pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) in plasma and tissues. Interestingly, the lower TRIAC dose marginally inhibited plasma T4. T3 infusion increased plasma and tissue T3 in a tissue-specific manner. The highest TRIAC dose increased TRIAC concentrations in plasma and tissues, decreasing plasma T3. TRIAC concentrations in tissues were <10% those of T3. Under cold exposure or high T3 doses, TRIAC increased only in white adipose tissue (WAT). Remarkably, only the lower TRIAC dose activated thermogenesis, inducing ectopic uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 expression in WAT and maximal increases in UCP-1, UCP-2, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT), inhibiting UCP-2 in muscle and LPL in WAT. TRIAC, T3, and cold exposure inhibited leptin secretion and mRNA in WAT. In summary, TRIAC, at low doses, induces thermogenic effects in adipose tissues without concomitant inhibition of TSH or hypothyroxinemia, suggesting a specific role regulating energy balance. This selective effect of TRIAC in adipose tissues might be considered a potential tool to increase energy metabolism.

scholarly journals Reduced Expression of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator in Brown Adipose Tissue of Obese Mouse Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3407
Author(s):  
Chung-Ze Wu ◽  
Li-Chien Chang ◽  
Chao-Wen Cheng ◽  
Te-Chao Fang ◽  
Yuh-Feng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Obese Mouse ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose

In recent decades, the obesity epidemic has resulted in morbidity and mortality rates increasing globally. In this study, using obese mouse models, we investigated the relationship among urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), metabolic disorders, glomerular filtration rate, and adipose tissues. Two groups, each comprised of C57BL/6J and BALB/c male mice, were fed a chow diet (CD) and a high fat diet (HFD), respectively. Within the two HFD groups, half of each group were euthanized at 8 weeks (W8) or 16 weeks (W16). Blood, urine and adipose tissues were collected and harvested for evaluation of the effects of obesity. In both mouse models, triglyceride with insulin resistance and body weight increased with duration when fed a HFD in comparison to those in the groups on a CD. In both C57BL/6J and BALB/c HFD mice, levels of serum uPA initially increased significantly in the W8 group, and then the increment decreased in the W16 group. The glomerular filtration rate declined in both HFD groups. The expression of uPA significantly decreased in brown adipose tissue (BAT), but not in white adipose tissue, when compared with that in the CD group. The results suggest a decline in the expression of uPA in BAT in obese m models as the serum uPA increases. There is possibly an association with BAT fibrosis and dysfunction, which may need further study.

Effect of Different Doses of Propofol and Nerve block Combined with General Anesthesia on The Intraoperative Anesthesia and Postoperative Awakening and Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-705
Author(s):  
Jianhui Ma ◽  
Meimei Pang ◽  
Xin Ding ◽  
Shirong Fang ◽  
Lichao Chu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Dose Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Different Doses

Objective. To explore the effect of different doses of propofol and nerve block combined with general anesthesia on the intraoperative anesthesia and postoperative awakening and cognitive function in elder patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. According to the inclusion criteria for research object, we selected 98 elderly patients with knee OA who needed surgery and were admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 for the study. Patients were divided into the low dose group (given 2 mg/kg propofol by pumping under constant speed during surgery) and the high dose group (given 4 mg/kg propofol by pumping during surgery) by the number table method to compare their indicators including the intraoperative anesthesia effect, with 49 cases in each group. Results. No between-group difference was shown in the anesthesia time and postoperative VAS scores, but the awakening time of the low dose group was significantly shorter than that of the high dose group (P<0.05); the differences in heart rate (HR) values at various time points between the two groups were not obvious, but the high dose group obtained significantly higher HR values at T4 than the low dose group; the mean arterial pressure (MAP) values of both groups were significantly reduced at Ti and then returned to the level before anesthesia (P>0.05); the bispectral index scores (BIS) of both groups experienced a marked drop at Ti and then recovered gradually, but failed to return to the level at T0 till the end, and a between-group difference in BIS indexes presented at Ti; the plasma corticosterone (CORT) concentration at Ti of both groups were significantly lowered and then returned to the level at T0, with no between-group difference; and compared with the low dose group, the high dose group achieved slightly lower mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores at 24-72 h after surgery, with no significant difference between them (P>0.05). Conclusion. The therapy of different doses of propofol and nerve block combined with general anesthesia has no significant effect on the cognitive function in elderly knee OA patients after surgery. With the nerve block improving the analgesic effect, a low dose of propofol is good for the postoperative awakening of patients. Different doses of propofol inhibited the stress response to a different degree and produced good anesthesia outcomes in elderly patients, but comparatively speaking, a low-dose propofol ensures more smooth indexes and less effect on the intraoperative hemodynamics.

scholarly journals Treatment with atrial natriuretic peptide induces adipose tissue browning and exerts thermogenic actions in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruka Kimura ◽  
Tomohisa Nagoshi ◽  
Yuhei Oi ◽  
Akira Yoshii ◽  
Yoshiro Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Ucp1 Expression ◽  
Tissue Browning

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests natriuretic peptides (NPs) coordinate inter-organ metabolic crosstalk with adipose tissues and play a critical role in energy metabolism. We recently reported A-type NP (ANP) raises intracellular temperature in cultured adipocytes in a low-temperature-sensitive manner. We herein investigated whether exogenous ANP-treatment exerts a significant impact on adipose tissues in vivo. Mice fed a high-fat-diet (HFD) or normal-fat-diet (NFD) for 13 weeks were treated with or without ANP infusion subcutaneously for another 3 weeks. ANP-treatment significantly ameliorated HFD-induced insulin resistance. HFD increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) cell size with the accumulation of lipid droplets (whitening), which was suppressed by ANP-treatment (re-browning). Furthermore, HFD induced enlarged lipid droplets in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), crown-like structures in epididymal WAT, and hepatic steatosis, all of which were substantially attenuated by ANP-treatment. Likewise, ANP-treatment markedly increased UCP1 expression, a specific marker of BAT, in iWAT (browning). ANP also further increased UCP1 expression in BAT with NFD. Accordingly, cold tolerance test demonstrated ANP-treated mice were tolerant to cold exposure. In summary, exogenous ANP administration ameliorates HFD-induced insulin resistance by attenuating hepatic steatosis and by inducing adipose tissue browning (activation of the adipose tissue thermogenic program), leading to in vivo thermogenesis during cold exposure.

Fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissues of physically trained rats in vivo

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. E8-E13
Author(s):  
K. Tokuyama ◽  
H. Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose

The effect of physical training on fatty acid synthesis in vivo was studied. After the rats had free access to a running wheel for 50 days, the rate of fatty acid synthesis estimated using 3H2O in adipose tissues of trained rats was about three times higher than that of sedentary rats in both the light and dark period. The rate of fatty acid synthesis in the liver but not in the brown adipose tissue was also slightly enhanced by physical training. The number of adipocytes was not affected, but the size of adipocytes was reduced by physical training. In trained rats, the rate of fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes whose diameter was similar to that of sedentary rats was about 10 times higher than that of sedentary rats. Within adipose tissue, the rate of fatty acid synthesis correlated positively to the diameter of adipocytes both in the sedentary and trained rats. These findings mean that the adaptive increase in fatty acid synthesis seen in adipocytes of trained rats is not secondary to the reduction in size of adipocytes.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Grateloupia elliptica, a Red Seaweed, in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Suppression of Adipogenic Factors in White Adipose Tissue and Increased Thermogenic Factors in Brown Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Geun Lee ◽  
Yu An Lu ◽  
Xining Li ◽  
Ji-Min Hyun ◽  
Hyun-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity is a serious metabolic syndrome characterized by high levels of cholesterol, lipids in the blood, and intracellular fat accumulation in adipose tissues. It is known that the suppression of adipogenic protein expression is an effective approach for the treatment of obesity, and regulates fatty acid storage and transportation in adipose tissues. The 60% ethanol extract of Grateloupia elliptica (GEE), a red seaweed from Jeju Island in Korea, was shown to exert anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells and in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. GEE inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, and significantly reduced expression of adipogenic proteins. In vivo experiments indicated a significant reduction in body weight, as well as white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, including fatty liver, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin contents. The expression of the adipogenic proteins, SREBP-1 and PPAR-γ, was significantly decreased by GEE, and the expression of the metabolic regulator protein was increased in WAT. The potential of GEE was shown in WAT, with the downregulation of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α mRNA; in contrast, in brown adipose tissue (BAT), the thermogenic proteins were increased. Collectively, these research findings suggest the potential of GEE as an effective candidate for the treatment of obesity-related issues via functional foods or pharmaceutical agents.

scholarly journals M211. NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SHI-ZHEN-AN-SHEN-TANG, A CHINESE HERB FORMULA ON MICE EXPOSED TO CUPRIZONE

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S216-S217
Author(s):  
Chao Ma ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Pei Chen ◽  
Yuan Jia ◽  
Dongqing Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Large Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Neuregulin 1 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Medium Dose

Abstract Background Our previous study indicated a therapeutic effect of Shi-Zhen-An-Shen-Tang (SZAST), a Chinese herb formula, on schizophrenia, but the related mechanism is unknown(citation). A large body of evidence suggests the important role of white matter of the brain in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of SZAST on schizophrenia with demyelinated mice. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were given mixed cuprizone (CPZ, a copper chelator, 0.2 %, w/w) rodent chow for six successive weeks to induce demyelination. During the last two weeks, mice were given an oral gavage of saline, or SZAST of three different doses (a low dose of 5.5g·kg-1·d-1, a medium dose of 8.24g·kg-1·d-1, or a high dose of 10.98 g·kg-1·d-1), or quetiapine, respectively. Behavioral tests were conducted after the last treatment. Meanwhile, the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neuregulin-1(NRG1) in the brain was tested by immunohistochemistry staining or Western Blot. Results Mice exposed to CPZ for six weeks showed obvious schizophrenia-like behaviors, including lower nest-building activity, sensory gating activity, and higher locomotor activity. CPZ-fed mice also displayed a lower myelin density in the corpus callosum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex and a reduction of MBP and NRG1 protein in the hippocampus compared with controls. Both quetiapine and SZAST significantly alleviated the abnormal schizophrenia-like behaviors and the impairment of myelin sheath in CPZ-fed mice, however, SZAST with medium dose showed better neuroprotective effect than the low dose or the high dose of SZAST. Furthermore, the expression of NRG1protein in the hippocampus was slightly, but not significantly increased in all SZAST-treated and quetiapine-treated groups. Discussion These results indicate that the neuroprotective effect of SZAST in demyelinated mice might partially relate to remyelination in the hippocampus in CPZ-fed mice.

scholarly journals Apolipoprotein A-IV Enhances Fatty Acid Uptake by Adipose Tissues of Male Mice via Sympathetic Activation

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhu ◽  
Jonathan Weng ◽  
Minqian Shen ◽  
Jace Fish ◽  
Zhujun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Lipid Mixture ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Brown Adipose

Abstract Apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV) synthesized by the gut regulates lipid metabolism. Sympathetic innervation of adipose tissues also controls lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that ApoA-IV required sympathetic innervation to increase fatty acid (FA) uptake by adipose tissues and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. After 3 weeks feeding of either a standard chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD), mice with unilateral denervation of adipose tissues received intraperitoneal administration of recombinant ApoA-IV protein and intravenous infusion of lipid mixture with radioactive triolein. In chow-fed mice, ApoA-IV administration increased FA uptake by intact BAT but not the contralateral denervated BAT or intact white adipose tissue (WAT). Immunoblots showed that, in chow-fed mice, ApoA-IV increased expression of lipoprotein lipase and tyrosine hydroxylase in both intact BAT and inguinal WAT (IWAT), while ApoA-IV enhanced protein levels of β3 adrenergic receptor, adipose triglyceride lipase, and uncoupling protein 1 in the intact BAT only. In HFD-fed mice, ApoA-IV elevated FA uptake by intact epididymal WAT (EWAT) but not intact BAT or IWAT. ApoA-IV increased sympathetic activity assessed by norepinephrine turnover (NETO) rate in BAT and EWAT of chow-fed mice, whereas it elevated NETO only in EWAT of HFD-fed mice. These observations suggest that, in chow-fed mice, ApoA-IV activates sympathetic activity of BAT and increases FA uptake by BAT via innervation, while in HFD-fed mice, ApoA-IV stimulates sympathetic activity of EWAT to shunt FAs into the EWAT.

scholarly journals Gingerol inhibits cisplatin-induced acute and delayed emesis in rats and minks by regulating the central and peripheral 5-HT, SP, and DA systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Tian ◽  
Weibin Qian ◽  
Qiuhai Qian ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xinrui Cai
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Delayed Emesis ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Gingerol, a biologically active component in ginger, has shown antiemetic properties. Our study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of gingerol on protecting rats and minks from chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The preventive impact of gingerol was evaluated in the pica model of rats and the vomiting model of minks induced by cisplatin at every 6 h continuously for a duration of 72 h. Animals were arbitrarily separated into blank control group, simple gingerol control group, cisplatin control group, cisplatin + metoclopramide group, cisplatin + three different doses gingerol group (low-dose; middle-dose; high-dose). The area postrema as well as ileum damage were assessed using H&E stain. The levels of 5-TH, 5-HT3 receptor, TPH, SERT, SP, NK1 receptor, PPT, NEP, DA, D2R, TH, and DAT were determined using immunohistochemistry or qRT-PCR in rats and minks. All indicators were measured in the area postrema along with ileum. The kaolin intake by rats and the incidence of CINV of minks were significantly decreased after pretreatment with gingerol in a dosage-dependent way for the duration of 0–24-h and 24–72-h. Gingerol markedly decreased the levels of 5-TH, 5-HT3 receptor, TPH, SP, NK1 receptor, PPT, DA, D2R, TH, alleviated area postrema as well as ileum damage, and increased the accumulation of SERT, NEP, DAT in the area postrema along with ileum of rats and minks. Gingerol alleviates cisplatin-induced kaolin intake of rats and emesis of minks possibly by regulating central and peripheral 5-HT system, SP system and DA system. Graphic abstract

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