Driving Comfort Assistance System Considering Two Sensors Data

Abstract In the present work, a system using data from two sensors located next to the driver and to the mass centre of the bus is proposed. Three degrees of discomfort have been used – comfortable, moderately uncomfortable and very uncomfortable. These levels are set out in the questionnaire. A survey was conducted. Respondents were selected between the ages of 14 and 65 and were divided into three age groups – adults, middle-aged and young. Accelerometer systems with MPU-6500 (TDK InvenSense Corp.) sensors are used. A correlation method (CORR) and sequentially improving estimation methods are used for feature selection, which significantly reduce the number of combinations of features obtained. Selected sensor data is entered into feature vectors. These vectors are reduced by principal component analysis. Predictive models have been created that take into account the age of passengers. The use of data from two sensors and separation of the passengers according their age, leads to an increase in the accuracy of predicting passengers discomfort level (DL) of up to 98%. These results can be used to evaluate and guide the vehicle driver in order to improve his driving style. In addition, the simplified interface does not distract the driver from the road conditions. The results obtained can lead to an improvement in the parameters of the transport process, which covers the interest of the carrier related to the efficient use of vehicles, and hence the reduction of fuel consumption and harmful emissions. However, it should be recommended that, when developing systems to ensure comfort of travel, adjustments should be made to suit the age group of passengers carried on public transport buses.

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Acute coronary syndrome: which age group tends to delay call for help?

The Egyptian Heart Journal ◽

10.1186/s43044-020-00124-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Ayuna ◽

Ayyaz Sultan

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Time Delay ◽

Local Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Teaching Programme ◽

The Road ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Time

Abstract Background Early diagnosis and treatment of ACS can reduce the risk of complications and death. Delay calling for help can increase morbidity and mortality. It is unclear which age group among patients with acute coronary syndrome tend to delay their call for help. Results Our observational retrospective study showed that men and women in their 50s and 40s respectively tend to delay their call for help from symptoms onset. For the former, the mean time delays (590 ± 71.1 min), whereas for the latter it was (1084 ± 120.1 min). Moreover, these groups tend to have a longer time delay between symptoms onset and arrival at the hospital. Among deaths, we observed that the death rate was proportional to the time delay, which is not unexpected. Next step, we plan to perform a qualitative study in the form of questionnaires to target the individuals with a high risk of CVD within these age groups. Conclusion Middle age group of both genders tend to delay their call for help when they experience symptoms of ACS; moreover, regardless of the age, the longer the delay, the higher the mortality rate. The results of this study gave us a better understanding of our local population and will pave the road for a well-structured teaching programme for them to minimise the time delay for calling for help.

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Sociodemographic Analysis of Neural Tuberculosis in Brazil from 2010 to 2020

10.5327/1516-3180.501 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Raissa Barreto Lima ◽

Thaís Machado Belitardo de Carvalho ◽

Matheus Campos Ribeiro de Souza ◽

Lara Teixeira de Oliveira ◽

Ana Carolina Pachêco de Menezes Rios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Severe Form ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Age Group ◽

The South ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevention And Health Promotion ◽

Using Data

Background: Neural tuberculosis is an infection of the central nervous system caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bearing in mind that neural tuberculosis is the most severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and results in significant morbidity and mortality rates, it is important to analyze its sociodemographic characteristics in Brazil. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic characteristics of neural tuberculosis cases in Brazil in the period from 2010 to 2020. Design and Setting: Cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study, carried out using data collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and the Hospital Information System (SIH / SUS) of confirmed cases and hospitalizations for neural tuberculosis. Methods: Variables used: region, sex, age group, color/race and year of service. Results: In the period from 2010 to 2020, the number of notified cases of meningoencephalic tuberculosis was 7.451, with mean cases per year of 677.36. The Southeast region was the most affected with 43.8% of the total cases, followed by the South and Northeast regions, with 24.1% and 20.1%, respectively. There was a wide predominance in individuals aged 30-39 years (42.8%) and in the age group 40-59 years (35.9%). The male sex was the most affected with 63.3% of the total. Conclusions: The study shows a predominance of cases in the South and Southeast regions, with a significant prevalence of males and age groups of 20- 59. This could be an alert for new prevention and health promotion strategies for the most affected groups.

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Principal Component Analysis of Morphometric Traits of West African Dwarf Goats

NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES ◽

10.46912/napas.58 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I O Dudusola ◽

S O Oseni ◽

M A Popoola ◽

A Jenyo

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Body Weight ◽

Total Variation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

West African ◽

Age Group ◽

Morphometric Traits ◽

West African Dwarf

The study was conducted to evaluate the principal component analysis of phenotypic attributes of West African Dwarf (WAD) goat. Data collected on the live body weight and twelve morphometric traits of the goats which were categorised into four age groups based on their dentition. The age groups were: less than 2years old, 2- 3years old, 3-4 years old and 4 years old. The data were subjected to a PCA and Cluster analyses using the multivariate procedure components of SAS (2003). Result revealed that highest values of morphometric traits were obtained in goats that of 4 years old. The rate of increase in body weight and other morphometric traits was high in age group of ˂2 years to age 2-3years compared to differences observed in others across the age group. Heart Girth had the highest correlation with body weight. Foreleg, neck, ear and hind leg lengths; wither height and rump height were weakly correlated with the body weight of the goats. Result revealed that two Principal components were retained in the first age group (age group˂2years) which accounted for 72.99% of the total variation. The first PC alone accounted for 63.13% of the total variation while PC2 accounted for the remaining 9.86%. From this study, it was concluded that there is interdependence among body weight and morphometric traits and that morphometric traits can be used in predicting live weight of WAD goats; PCA and Cluster could be exploited in breeding and selection programmes to acquire highly coordinated animal bodies using fewer measurements.

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Indigenous suicide in Brazil, the self-killing of a vulnerable population

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.560 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

R C O Saldanha ◽

G M Abe ◽

A H M Abe ◽

M E O Mariano ◽

I D S Pierson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Policies ◽

Age Groups ◽

Northern Region ◽

Vulnerable Population ◽

National Database ◽

Age Group ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Community Trauma ◽

Using Data

Abstract Introduction One of the Sustainable Development Goals is to promote mental health. It is then mandatory to know the death profile of this population and to develop public policies to reduce it. Methods Epidemiological descriptive study regarding the proportion of indigenous deaths according to the variables: age group, year of occurrence, gender, region, municipality and ICD-10 category, in the period 2008 to 2017 in Brazil, using data from the national database DATASUS. Results From 2008 to 2017, there were 5,489 indigenous deaths due to external causes in Brazil, with 1,107 (20.1%) due to self-caused lesions. The annual average was 110.7 cases per year: 100 in 2008, 95 in 2009, 93 in 2010, 97 in 2011, 90 in 2012, 113 in 2013, 117 in 2014, 132 in 2015, 120 in 2016, and 150 in 2017. Regarding causes, strangling/hanging/suffocation were 979 (88.4%), self-intoxication was 31 (2.8%) with other chemicals and 21 (1.8%) with pesticides. Regarding age group, 365 (32.9%) were between 15 to 19 years old, 325 (29.3%) between 20 to 29, 150 (13.5%) between 30 to 39, 131 (11.8%) between 10 to 14, and 136 (12.2%) in other age groups. Regarding gender, 807 (72.9%) were male, 299 (27.0%) were female, and 1 (0.09%) was ignored. Regarding region, the Northern Region had 575 (51.9%) cases and the Central-Western Region had 403 (36.4%) cases. The municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira was the one with the highest amount of cases: 132 (12.7%). Conclusions The 50% increase in the amount of deaths by suicide among indigenous people in the analyzed period reveals the infficacy of established public policies in Brazil. The number of deaths among the youth reveals the community trauma of exploration, violence and dignity loss. The Nothern and Central-Western regions had conflicts due to land demarcation and prospecting, which explain the high rates. The reduction of such tragedy demands capacitation of all the public spheres. Key messages Evaluate the aspects that promote it and to propose effective interventions in environments of difficult access and in a historically vulnerable population. Discuss some relevant characteristics among natives who are vulnerable to practicing self-made injuries, in order to make it possible to create new ways to protect this population.

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Tracking the dynamics and allocating tests for COVID-19 in real-time: An acceleration index with an application to French age groups and départements

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0252443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0252443

Author(s):

Christelle Baunez ◽

Mickael Degoulet ◽

Stéphane Luchini ◽

Patrick A. Pintus ◽

Miriam Teschl

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Real Time ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

National Average ◽

Health Policies ◽

Age Group ◽

Actual Distribution ◽

Public Health Policies ◽

Using Data

An acceleration index is proposed as a novel indicator to track the dynamics of COVID-19 in real-time. Using data on cases and tests in France for the period between the first and second lock-downs—May 13 to October 25, 2020—our acceleration index shows that the pandemic resurgence can be dated to begin around July 7. It uncovers that the pandemic acceleration was stronger than national average for the [59–68] and especially the 69 and older age groups since early September, the latter being associated with the strongest acceleration index, as of October 25. In contrast, acceleration among the [19–28] age group was the lowest and is about half that of the [69–78]. In addition, we propose an algorithm to allocate tests among French “départements” (roughly counties), based on both the acceleration index and the feedback effect of testing. Our acceleration-based allocation differs from the actual distribution over French territories, which is population-based. We argue that both our acceleration index and our allocation algorithm are useful tools to guide public health policies as France might possibly enter a third lock-down period with indeterminate duration.

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Change and stability: Within-person life satisfaction over a 20-year period using data from the HUNT survey

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494820957439 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 140349482095743

Author(s):

Frode Lysberg ◽

Tomas Bjerregaard Bertelsen ◽

Cathrine Lysberg ◽

Magnhild Høie ◽

Geir Arild Espnes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Age Groups ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Health Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Using Data ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Two Age Groups

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate within-person life satisfaction (LS) dynamics for two age groups, 20–29 and 30–39 years, from 1984 to 1986 and to follow them over a 20-year period. Methods: Data from 1984 to 2008 were extracted from the large, prospective, longitudinal North-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), Norway. This paper includes data from more than 14,500 persons. Data were analysed using logistic regression, and LS dynamics were modelled using gender, time and self-rated health. Results: The analyses revealed that about 20% of people in these age groups had a stable level in LS, also known as set point. Long-term LS change, defined as ⩾2 SDs, was reported for 9% and 6% of people in the youngest and oldest age groups, respectively. A large proportion of more than 70% of people had fluctuations in their LS over a 20-year period. A significant decrease in within-person LS was seen for the age groups from 1984–86 to 1995–97 where a significant increase appeared from 1995–97 to 2006–08. For the initial 20–29 age group, the odds of having a higher score increased by 34%, and for the initial 30–39 age group, the within-person LS increase was 81%. Self-rated health was the most crucial variable influencing within-person LS. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a significant proportion of the responders had a long-term within-person LS change over the 20-year period.

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The use of the geometric morphometric method to illustrate shape difference in the skulls of different-aged horses

Veterinary Research Communications ◽

10.1007/s11259-020-09779-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (3-4) ◽

pp. 137-145

Author(s):

Tiziana Liuti ◽

Padraic M. Dixon

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Nasal Bone ◽

Principal Component ◽

Age Group ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Biological Studies ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Variation Explained ◽

Ethmoid Sinuses

Abstract The geometric morphometrics method (GMM) is a technique to study scale and shape relationships of structures using Cartesian geometric coordinates rather than linear, areal (of area), or volumetric variables. GMM has been of great value in many biological studies, but does not appear to have been used to examine equine skulls. In this exploratory study, twenty-nine normal equine heads of three different age groups: <5 years old (N = 9), 6–15 years old (N = 10) and > 16 years old (N = 10) were examined. Computed tomography (CT) bone window DICOM images were reconstructed into isosurfaces (3-dimensional contoured surfaces), onto which landmarks were added using Stratovan Checkpoint® software. Data from 29 landmarks were analysed using MorphoJ analysis, which applies a Procrustes fit, prior to reducing data dimensionality through principal component (PC) analysis. PCs with and without allometry were considered. Allometric shape described by PC1 accounted for 27% of variance. Loading pertaining to: the pterygoid process, bilaterally; caudal aspect of hard palate; tip of nasal bone; ethmoid sinuses, bilaterally; caudal aspect of the ventral conchal bulla, bilaterally and caudal aspect of the vomer bone suggest that these anatomical structures are predictive of age group. When allometric effects (shape variation explained by size) were removed, PC1 was unable to distinguish horses by age group. Allometric shape differences could distinguish the youngest versus the two older age groups. The potential applications of GMM in equine diagnostic imaging are wide ranging and include the investigation of changes in the equine skull with respect to genetics and characterisation of conformation-related diseases affecting the teeth, jaws and sinonasal compartments.

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Estimation of Age Using Dimensions of Apical Foramina of Teeth

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 705-710

Author(s):

Aklesha Behera ◽

Archana Santhanam ◽

Herald J. Sherlin ◽

Gifrina Jayaraj ◽

Don K.R.

Keyword(s):

Age Estimation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Determination ◽

Forensic Odontology ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Human Beings ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

The Mean

BACKGROUND Forensic odontology is an ever growing and a flourishing science. The science deals in criminal laws by using dental knowledge. People who practice forensic odontology are called as forensic dentists. They are asked to determine the age, sex, race, occupation, previous dental history and various other determinants like DNA verification in unidentified human beings. Teeth are a very special tissue in the human body. Teeth are the only tissue which can survive through extreme climatic and environmental conditions like heat, cold etc. hence many a times retains its morphology. Age estimation has been studied by many researchers but age estimation methods have been incapable of providing the age estimation in older age groups. The study aims to determine the age using the dimensions of the apical foramen from middle age to old age groups. METHODS A descriptive ex vivo study, was done from December 2019 to March 2020. Freshly extracted teeth were collected and cleaned using hydrogen peroxide. The teeth selected were single rooted teeth like incisors, canine and premolars in the age group of 30 to 40 years, 41 - 50 years, 51 - 60 years and 61 - 70 years. Apical one third of the teeth was sectioned, mounted over a slide and placed perpendicular to the lens of the stereomicroscope. Using Mag Vision and Image J software, photomicrographs and measurements were taken. Data procured was tabulated and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. RESULTS In 30 - 40 years age group, the mean diameter of all single rooted teeth was 0.35 mm. Among the 41 - 50 years age group, the mean diameter was 0.43mm. In 51 - 60 years age group it was 0.41mm and in the 61 - 70 years age group, the mean diameter was 0.36 mm. Pearson chi square P value for incisor is 0.280, canine is 0.223 and premolar is 0.326. CONCLUSIONS Age estimation can be done using physiological dimensions of apical foramen. From the present study, dimensions of apical foramen decreases with increasing age due to cementum deposition. KEY WORDS Age Determination, Apical Foramen Diameter, Single Rooted Teeth

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Hospital admissions due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions among children by age group and health region

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP ◽

10.1590/s0080-623420150000100006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 44-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kelly Holanda Prezotto ◽

Maria Marta Nolasco Chaves ◽

Thais Aidar de Freitas Mathias

Keyword(s):

Ambulatory Care ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Age Groups ◽

Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions ◽

Age Group ◽

Health Region ◽

Unified Health System ◽

Using Data ◽

Ambulatory Care Sensitive ◽

Sensitive Conditions

OBJECTIVE to describe hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in children under five years of age in the State of Paraná, Brazil by condition type, age group and health region. METHOD a temporal ecological study was conducted using data from the Unified Health System Hospital Information System for the period 2000 to 2011. Conditions were grouped in accordance with the list of ambulatory care sensitive conditions in Brazil. RESULTS there was an increase in the rate of admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in all age groups in 50% of the health regions, with a marked increase in children under the age of one. Pneumonia, gastroenteritis and asthma were the main causes of admissions. There was an increase in the proportion of overall admissions accounted for by pneumonia and gastroenteritis. CONCLUSION the increase in admissions reveals the need for actions to improve access to primary healthcare and provide effective treatment of the main ambulatory care sensitive conditions in order to prevent hospital admissions among children.

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Business cycle and mortality in Spain

The European Journal of Health Economics ◽

10.1007/s10198-021-01336-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

María Cervini-Plá ◽

Judit Vall-Castelló

Keyword(s):

Business Cycle ◽

Age Groups ◽

Macroeconomic Fluctuations ◽

Age Group ◽

General Terms ◽

Mortality Causes ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Health And Mortality ◽

Transport Accidents

AbstractIn the last couple of decades, there has been a lot of interest on the impact of macroeconomic fluctuations on health and mortality rates. Many studies, for different countries, find that mortality is procyclical. However, studies examining the effects of more recent recessions are less conclusive, finding mortality to be less procyclical, or even countercyclical. In this paper, using data of Spanish provinces from 1999 to 2016, we investigate how this relationship works in the context of a country that is subject to extreme business cycle fluctuations. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of unemployment for different mortality causes and we explore differences by sex, age group and level of education. In general terms, we find mortality to be procyclical so that when the economy is in a recession, mortality falls. When exploring mortality causes, we show that deaths from cardiovascular disease, cancer, senility, transport accidents and homicides are procyclical. By sex, we find procyclicality for both men and women. By age, mortality is procyclical for all age groups; however, the causes of death that result in this procyclical behavior are specific to each age group. By educational level, suicide appears as a countercyclical cause for individuals with intermediate levels of education.

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