Estimation of Age Using Dimensions of Apical Foramina of Teeth

BACKGROUND Forensic odontology is an ever growing and a flourishing science. The science deals in criminal laws by using dental knowledge. People who practice forensic odontology are called as forensic dentists. They are asked to determine the age, sex, race, occupation, previous dental history and various other determinants like DNA verification in unidentified human beings. Teeth are a very special tissue in the human body. Teeth are the only tissue which can survive through extreme climatic and environmental conditions like heat, cold etc. hence many a times retains its morphology. Age estimation has been studied by many researchers but age estimation methods have been incapable of providing the age estimation in older age groups. The study aims to determine the age using the dimensions of the apical foramen from middle age to old age groups. METHODS A descriptive ex vivo study, was done from December 2019 to March 2020. Freshly extracted teeth were collected and cleaned using hydrogen peroxide. The teeth selected were single rooted teeth like incisors, canine and premolars in the age group of 30 to 40 years, 41 - 50 years, 51 - 60 years and 61 - 70 years. Apical one third of the teeth was sectioned, mounted over a slide and placed perpendicular to the lens of the stereomicroscope. Using Mag Vision and Image J software, photomicrographs and measurements were taken. Data procured was tabulated and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. RESULTS In 30 - 40 years age group, the mean diameter of all single rooted teeth was 0.35 mm. Among the 41 - 50 years age group, the mean diameter was 0.43mm. In 51 - 60 years age group it was 0.41mm and in the 61 - 70 years age group, the mean diameter was 0.36 mm. Pearson chi square P value for incisor is 0.280, canine is 0.223 and premolar is 0.326. CONCLUSIONS Age estimation can be done using physiological dimensions of apical foramen. From the present study, dimensions of apical foramen decreases with increasing age due to cementum deposition. KEY WORDS Age Determination, Apical Foramen Diameter, Single Rooted Teeth

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Evaluation of Dental Age in Nepali Children using Demirjian’s 7-Teeth Teeth Method

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v7i2.20163 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 37-40

Author(s):

Rinky Nyachhyon

Keyword(s):

Age Estimation ◽

Age Groups ◽

P Value ◽

Dental Age ◽

Dental Age Estimation ◽

Tooth Formation ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Demirjian’S Method ◽

Dental Maturity

Introduction: Age estimation can be based on tooth formation stages seen on the radiographs. Demirjian’s method is widely used to assess age of individuals with developing dentition. There are not many documented studies of age estimation amongst Nepali population.Objective: To assess the applicability of Demirjian’s method for dental age estimation in Nepali children.Materials & Method: The sample of the study consisted of 186 subjects between 7-16 years of age. Dental age estimation was based on Demirjian’s method and scored by a single observer.Result: The mean and mean differences in chronological and dental ages were calculated, which revealed the overestimation in age groups of 7 and 9 years, whereas there were underestimations in other age groups. The mean differences in age groups 12-16 were highly significant (p-Value <0.05) whereas the mean difference in age groups 7-11 years were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Since there is underestimation range from 0.5 years to 1.23 years, the standards of dental maturity described by Demirjian may not be suitable for Nepali children.

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Acute coronary syndrome: which age group tends to delay call for help?

The Egyptian Heart Journal ◽

10.1186/s43044-020-00124-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Ayuna ◽

Ayyaz Sultan

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Time Delay ◽

Local Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Teaching Programme ◽

The Road ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Time

Abstract Background Early diagnosis and treatment of ACS can reduce the risk of complications and death. Delay calling for help can increase morbidity and mortality. It is unclear which age group among patients with acute coronary syndrome tend to delay their call for help. Results Our observational retrospective study showed that men and women in their 50s and 40s respectively tend to delay their call for help from symptoms onset. For the former, the mean time delays (590 ± 71.1 min), whereas for the latter it was (1084 ± 120.1 min). Moreover, these groups tend to have a longer time delay between symptoms onset and arrival at the hospital. Among deaths, we observed that the death rate was proportional to the time delay, which is not unexpected. Next step, we plan to perform a qualitative study in the form of questionnaires to target the individuals with a high risk of CVD within these age groups. Conclusion Middle age group of both genders tend to delay their call for help when they experience symptoms of ACS; moreover, regardless of the age, the longer the delay, the higher the mortality rate. The results of this study gave us a better understanding of our local population and will pave the road for a well-structured teaching programme for them to minimise the time delay for calling for help.

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Trends of Stomach Cancer in Central Serbia

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57070665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (7) ◽

pp. 665

Author(s):

Miodrag M. Stojanovic ◽

Natasa K. Rancic ◽

Marija R. Andjelkovic Apostolovic ◽

Aleksandra M. Ignjatovic ◽

Mirko V. Ilic

Keyword(s):

Stomach Cancer ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Age Groups ◽

Optimal Number ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Joinpoint Regression ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Incidence Trend ◽

Incidence And Mortality

Somach cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The objective of the paper was to analyze the incidence and mortality trends of stomach cancer in Central Serbia in the period between 1999–2017. Materials and Methods: trends and annual percentage change (APC) of the incidence and mortality rate with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by joinpoint regression analyses. The optimal number of Joinpoints was identified using the Monte Carlo permutation method. The trend was considered to be significantly increasing (positive change) or decreasing (negative change) when the p-value was below 0.05 (p < 0.05). Results: the total number of new cases was 16,914 (10,873 males and 6041 females) and the total number of mortality cases was 14,790 (9348 in and 5442 in females). Almost one third (30.8%) of new cases were registered in the 60–69-year age group, and new cases were significantly more frequent in males than in females (30.8% vs. 29.02%, p < 0.001). Joinpoint regression analysis showed a significant decrease of incidence trend in females during the 2000–2015 period with APC of −2.13% (95% CI: −3.8 to −0.5, p < 0.001). An insignificant decrease in incidence trend was in males with APC of −0.72% (95% CI: −2.3 to 0.9, p = 0.30). According to the joinpoint analysis, a significant decrease of mortality trends both in males during 2000–2015 with APC of −2.21% (95% CI: −1.6 to −7.5, p ≤ 0.001 and in females, during the same period, with APC of −1.75% (95% CI: −2.9 to −0.6, p < 0.001) was registered. From 2015 to 2017, a significant increase of mortality was registered with APC of 44.5% (95% CI: from 24.2 to −68.1, p ≤ 0.001) in females and in males with APC of 53.15% (95% CI: 13.5 to −106.6, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: a significant decrease of stomach cancer incidence trend in females and insignificant decrease of incidence trend in males were determined in Central Serbia. Based on presented results, the mortality trend decreased significantly both in males and in females during 2000–2015, and from 2015 to 2017 we recorded a significant increase in mortality in both sexes. We found significantly more new cases in women than in men in the age group of 40–49, and the mortality of stomach cancer was significantly more frequent among females compared to males in the age groups 30–39, as well as in the 50–59 age group. There is a need for improving recording and registration of new cases of stomach cancer, especially in females. Urgent primary and secondary preventive measures are needed—introducing stomach cancer screening and early detection of premalignant changes. Urgent primary and secondary preventive measures are needed.

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Assessment of intraocular pressure in chinchillas of different age groups using rebound tonometry

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20151206 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (8) ◽

pp. 1466-1471 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Flor Diana Yokoay Claros Chacaltana ◽

João Antonio Tadeu Pigatto ◽

Ione Terezinha Denardin

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Age Groups ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Age Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Rebound Tonometer ◽

Indirect Ophthalmoscopy ◽

Group I ◽

Schirmer Tear Test ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal chinchilla eyes using the rebound tonometer. A further aim was to assess whether there were differences in the values of intraocular pressure in relation to animals age, gender and time of day. Thirty-six chinchillas were divided into three groups of 12 chinchillas each, by age: Group I (2-6-month-old), Group II (20 and 34 months) and Group III (37 and 135 months). Ophthalmic examination was performed previously by Schirmer tear test, slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein test in all chinchillas. Three measurements of intraocular pressure were assessed on the same day (7, 12 and 19h). Tonometry was performed on both eyes using the rebound tonometer after calibration in "p" mode. Statistical analysis was performed with SigmaPlot for Windows. The mean IOP for groups I, II and III were 2.47±0.581mmHg, 2.47±0.581mmHg and 2.51±0.531mmHg, respectively. No significant differences were reported between age and IOP and no significant differences were reported between the time of day and IOP. The IOP in chinchillas did not differ significantly between genders or ages of the animals, and did not change with time of day.

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Healthy aging profile in octogenarians in Brazil

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.0694.2724 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Viana Campos ◽

Efigênia Ferreira e Ferreira ◽

Andréa Maria Duarte Vargas ◽

Lúcia Hisako Takase Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Decision Tree ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Tree Model ◽

Socioeconomic Characteristics

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the healthy aging profile in octogenarians in Brazil. Method: this population-based epidemiological study was conducted using household interviews of 335 octogenarians in a Brazilian municipality. The decision-tree model was used to assess the healthy aging profile in relation to the socioeconomic characteristics evaluated at baseline. All of the tests used a p-value < 0.05. Results: the majority of the 335 participating older adults were women (62.1%), were aged between 80 and 84 years (50.4%), were widowed (53.4%), were illiterate (59.1%), had a monthly income of less than one minimum wage (59.1%), were retired (85.7%), lived with their spouse (63.8%), did not have a caregiver (60.3%), had two or more children (82.7%), and had two or more grandchildren (78.8%). The results indicate three age groups with a healthier aging profile: older adults aged 80 to 84 years (55.6%), older adults aged 85 years and older who are married (64.9%), and older adults aged 85 and older who do not have a partner or a caregiver (54.2%). Conclusion: the healthy aging profile of octogenarians can be explained by age group, marital status, and the presence of a caregiver.

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Body Composition in Various Age Groups Among Individual and Team Sport

JUARA Jurnal Olahraga ◽

10.33222/juara.v6i2.1245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 304-309

Author(s):

Manzoor Ahmad Bhat

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Team Sports ◽

Team Sport ◽

Age Group ◽

Average Difference ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

The Mean ◽

Game Players ◽

Individual Sports

The study aimed to compare the Body Composition in Various Age Groups among Individual and Team Sport. A total of one hundred twenty (120) subjects, comprising 60 Individual and 60 Team sport of district Kulgam J&K, further out of 60 individual sports players 20 players were of the age group between 20-25, ( 20 ) players were of the age group between 25- 30 and 20 players were of the age group between 30-35. the same procedure was followed for 60 team sports players. The Subjects were selected by using purposive sampling. The age of the subjects ranged between 20-25, the second group 25-30, and the third group 30-35. To analyze and compare the Body Composition and fat percentage in three different age groups among individual sports and team sports, the Following equipment and test were used: the data related to Fat Percentage was measured by Skinfold Calipers. BMI: it was estimated by Stadiometer and weighing machine. ).the data that was collected after applying standard testing kits were written in separate columns and was cross-checked for all three different age groups. Individual and team sports of district kulgam. Then the analysis of data was carried out by applying various statistical techniques like average., standard deviation and through the application of formula of t-test to find out the significant difference of all selected physical variables I,e BMI and fat percentage in various age groups among individual and team sports players of kulgam district the level of significance as per norm was kept as (p<0.05). the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 20-25 age group individual game players is ( 22.02 ±2.20) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 20-25 age group of team sports players is (18.01 ±1.81), with an average difference of 4.01. ). Hence individual sports players were found with a higher BMI than team sports players under the 20-25 age group. BMI in the 25-30 age group individual game players is (23.09±1.76) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 25-30 age group of team sports players is (20.07±3.36), with an average difference of 3.02. ). Hence under this age group, the individual sports players were found with a higher BMI than team sports groups. The mean and standard deviation of BMI in 30-35 age group individual game players is (19.30±2.07) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 30-35 age group of team sports players is (22.17 ±3.47), with an average difference of 2.87. Hence, team sports players were found with a higher BMI under the age group than individual sports players. The mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 20-25 age group individual game players is (11.09±4.83) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 20-25 age group of team sports players is (9.02±4.18), with an average difference of 2.17.).Hence under this age group, individual sports players were found fatty as compared to team sports players. The mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 25-30 age group individual game players is (10.01±3.53) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 25-30 age group of team sports players is (14.04±7.48), with an average difference of 4.13. ). Hence under this age group, team sports players were found fatty as compared to individual sports players. The mean and standard deviation of BMI in 30-35 age group individual game players is (14.08±2.81) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 30-35 age group of team sports players is (18.01±5.64), with an average difference of 3.64. Hence under this age group, team sports players were found fatty as compared to individual sports players

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Risk Factors Associated with Ischemic Heart Diseases in Different Age Groups Patients of Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar

Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science ◽

10.37762/jgmds.1-2.64 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

Riaz Gul ◽

Sumaira Naz

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽

Sedentary Life ◽

Tertiary Care Hospitals

Objectives:To determine different risk factors associated with ischemic heart diseases in different age group patients of tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar.Methodology:A cross sectional study conducted on 350 patients of different age groups presented with ischemic heart diseases in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. Study was conducted for duration of 3 months from December 2013 to February 2014. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used. Sample size was calculated using standard sample size calculator. Semi structured questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Patient’s record and investigations were used as adding tools. Standard definition was made for ischemic heart disease. Different modifiable and non-modifiable factors were assessed and were analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results:This study contains 350 patients in which female patients were 133(38%) and male were 217(62%).The mean age was 57.23±11.36 years. The age of the patients ranges from 22 to 80 years. The frequencies of risk factors were stress (73.1%) followed by hypertension (65.7%), sedentary life style (59.4%), family history (57.1%), smoking (50.6%), over weight and obese (39.1%), below normal HDL (30.3%), high LDL (29.1%), hypertriglyceridemia (28%), hypercholesterolemia (23.7%). 64.3% patients were presenting with acute IHD and 35.7% were with chronic IHD. Stress, HTN, DM and sedentary life style were found to be significantly associated with male gender (p- value <0.05). Age was divided into two groups, <45 years and >45 years. Stress, HTN, DM and hypercholesterolemia had a significant association with >45 years of age group. (P-value <0.05).Conclusion:Stress, HTN, DM, sedentary life styles were the major risk factors. And they were found to be more in male gender and in equal to more than 45 years of age group.

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Getting Vaccinated Helps: Prospective Study Reveals Lower CT Severity Scores amongst COVID Vaccine Recipients

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1741052 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Priscilla C. Joshi ◽

Vandana Jahanvi ◽

Mangal S. Mahajan ◽

Nivedita C. Ghule Patil ◽

Priyankkumar G. Moradiya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Age Groups ◽

P Value ◽

Disease Prognosis ◽

Important Message ◽

Severity Scores ◽

Reduce Infection Rate ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

The Government

Abstract Context Computerized tomography (CT) is an invaluable imaging investigation for evaluating COVID-19 disease. CT detects early changes of COVID-19 pneumonia and predicts the disease prognosis based on a semiquantitative 25-point CT severity score (CT-SS). India launched its vaccination drive in January 2021 with two different vaccines being approved by the government. These vaccines are believed to prevent the disease itself, in majority of the cases and at least decrease disease severity, in the rest. Aim This study aims to evaluate the CT-SS in vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects who have been diagnosed with COVID-pneumonia or are COVID suspects. Subjects and Methods A total of 3,235 patients with typical COVID-19 related imaging findings on HRCT thorax were included in the study. These subjects were divided into three age categories, 18–44, 45–59 and ≥60 years. The CT severity scores were allotted by experienced radiologists. Medians of the scores in different age groups were compared amongst vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals using the Kruskal–Wallis H test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. All results were shown with 95% confidence interval. Results The difference in the medians amongst the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups was significant, p-values being < 0.001 in all age categories. Conclusion The mean CT-SS was less in vaccinated subjects and the difference in median CT-SS amongst vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals was statistically significant, thus sending an important message that it is mandatory for the population at large to get vaccinated to reduce infection rate/disease severity.

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Surgical site infection in Laparoscopic versus Open appendicectomy

Journal of Nobel Medical College ◽

10.3126/jonmc.v7i2.22306 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 39-43

Author(s):

Ashok Koirala ◽

Dipendra Thakur ◽

Sunit Agrawal ◽

Bhuwan Lal Chaudhary ◽

Sagar Poudel

Keyword(s):

Acute Appendicitis ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Age Groups ◽

Laparoscopic Appendicectomy ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Age Group ◽

Site Infection ◽

Open Appendicectomy ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

The Mean

Background: Acute appendicitis is very common surgical cause of acute abdomen and needs surgical removal either by laparoscopic or open appendicectomy. The aim of this study is to compare frequency of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing laparoscopic and open appendicectomy. Materials and Methods: The study was prospective study conducted in NMCTH, Biratnagar. Total 200 patients with diagnosis of acute appendicitis admitted through the emergency department of our hospital were included in the study. The patients were randomly allocated in two groups: Laparoscopic appendicectomy group (LA) and Open appendicectomy group (OA). Both groups underwent successful emergency appendicectomy. Wound infections in terms of surgical site infection (SSI) if present were recorded. All age groups and both sexes were included. Results: Two hundred patients underwent appendicectomy, one hundred Laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) and another hundred open appendicectomy (OA). The mean age of patients with acute appendicitis was 30.63±16.14 years with minimum of 6 years and maximum of 77 years. The highest number of patients were in age group of 10 to 20 years (29.5%). In LA group SSI noted in 3 patients (3%) whereas in OA group it was found in 12 patients (12%). Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendicectomy is better and offers great advantages in terms of SSI as compared to Open appendicectomy.

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TIME TRENDS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI PREVALENCE IN ITAJAÍ - SC: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 25 YEARS BASED ON ENDOSCOPIC DATABASE

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 10-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fangio FERRARI ◽

Elisa Cantú Germano DUTRA ◽

Henrieli Correia ZANARDI ◽

Bruno Lorenzo SCOLARO ◽

Odemari Miranda FERRARI

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Age Groups ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽

Age Group ◽

Gradual Reduction ◽

Urease Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. Currently, the prevalence in developed countries is 40%, but this value increases considerably in developing countries, which can reach rates bigger than 90%. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the mean and annual prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients from Itajaí during the period from July 1992 to April 2016, as well as the gender and age groups most affected. METHODS: After consent of the clinical director of the Gastroclinica Itajaí and confidentiality commitment about the research, the database of the Endoscopy Service of the clinic was evaluated. All the patients who underwent their first upper digestive endoscopy with urease test and/or histological analysis were included. The data were submitted to statistical analysis of prevalence by gender, age group and years of study, with subsequent correction through the confidence interval. RESULTS: The mean prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection thru all years of study was 50.07%. With the calculation of the annual prevalences, it was evident the gradual reduction of infection in the population of Itajaí, that was 81.3% in 1992, declining to 33% in the year of 2016. When classifying the prevalence of infection by gender, it was higher in males (53.59%), and gender distribution by age group showed no statistically significant difference among genders between the ages of 40 and 80 years. In relation to the age group, the highest prevalence was in the group between 40 and 49 years. CONCLUSION: Although this study is retrospective and based on endoscopic database analysis, without access to clinical data of patients such as prior use of proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics to endoscopy, its results are important because they may reflect the current panorama of Helicobacter pylori infection in the city under study, where it has been presenting a gradual reduction of prevalence over the years, with current rates similar to that of developed countries (33%). Future studies are needed to confirm our data.

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