scholarly journals Economic Aspects of Reducing Stocking Density in Broiler Chicken Production using the Example of Farms in Southern Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Utnik-Banaś ◽  
Janusz Żmija ◽  
Elżbieta Sowula-Skrzyñska
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Density ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Production Area ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of reducing stocking density to the level recommended by Council Directive 2007/43/EC on broiler production profitability. The study was carried out using the example of three broiler-only farms located in southern Poland. The farms with production area of 950 m2, 3 400 m2 and 5 040 m2, had fully automated systems for feeding, watering and ventilation. In total, the research covered 54 production rounds in the years 2009–2011. research material included data concerning production costs and achieved production results, as well as income obtained in individual rounds. Net income from broiler production was calculated for three variants differing in stocking density: variant 1 – actual stocking density in farms in 2009 (47–45 kgm–2), variant 2 – stocking density of 42 kg m–2, variant 3 – stocking density of 33 kg m–2. the study results indicate that reducing stocking density increases total production costs, and decreases broiler production income. Production profitability depended primarily on the relation between prices of broiler livestock and feed. Reducing stocking density to the level recommended by the European commission (33 kg m–2) in 2009 would result in decrease of income from €2.40 to 0.77 per m–2, whereas in 2011 production carried out at this stocking density would result in losses. To maintain the current income level of farmers, it would require an increase of 5–6% in meat prices.

scholarly journals The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Romanian Labour Market: New Evidence from a Pooled Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Laura Diaconu Maxim ◽  
Daniel Sterbuleac
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present paper presents a series of results concerning the labour market impact of the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Romania, during the period 2005-2014. In order to reach this objective, we have conducted both an investigation of the specialized literature and an econometric analysis, based on a pooled OLS regression. The added value of this study results from the novelty aspects brought by the results, which indicate two new roles of FDI on the Romanian labour market: a potential “gap-widening” effect between the civil employment and number of employees and a “crawling” effect on the net income. Since the results showed a positive correlation between FDI and civil employment and also between FDI and the average number of employees, the first effect suggests that most of employees of the foreign firms work there less than one year. This may explain why foreign companies are not motivated to offer their employees much higher wages than the local firms and thus that the effect of FDI on nominal net income is very small (“crawling” effect).

scholarly journals Rectified ethanol production cost analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Budimir ◽  
Marko Jaric ◽  
Branislav Jacimovic ◽  
Srbislav Genic ◽  
Nikola Jacimovic
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Total Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the impact of the most important factors of the total production costs in bioethanol production. The most influential factors are: total investment costs, price of raw materials (price of biomass, enzymes, yeast), and energy costs. Taking into account these factors, a procedure for estimation total production costs was establish. In order to gain insight into the relationship of production and selling price of bioethanol, price of bioethanol for some countries of the European Union and the United States are given.

PESTICIDE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXTERNALITIES FROM US AGRICULTURE — THE IMPACT OF THEIR INTERNALIZATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350008 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLINKA SHAKHRAMANYAN ◽  
UWE A. SCHNEIDER ◽  
BRUCE A. McCARL
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Climate change may affect the use of pesticides and their associated environmental and human health impacts. This study employs and modifies a partial equilibrium model of the US agricultural sector to examine the effects of alternative regulations of the pesticide and greenhouse gas emission externality. Simulation results indicate that without pesticide externality regulations and low greenhouse gas emission mitigation strategy, climate change benefits from increased agricultural production in the US are more than offset by increased environmental costs. Although the combined regulation of pesticide and greenhouse gas emission externalities increases farmers' production costs, their net income effects are positive because of price adjustments and associated welfare shifts from consumers to producers. The results also show heterogeneous impacts on preferred pest management intensities across major crops. While pesticide externality regulations lead to substantial increases in total water use, climate policies induce the opposite effect.

scholarly journals Efficiency Analysis of Inorganic Rice Production in Rakit Kulim Subdistrict Indragiri Hulu Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Fris Safal ◽  
Syaiful Hadi ◽  
Jumatri Yusri
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Almost All

Rice is an important commodity because  it is a staple food source for almost all Indonesian people. One way to increase rice production is by using available resources more efficiently. The use of production factors such as land, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and labor will affect the total production of rice produced. This study aims to determine the technicality of inorganic rice cultivation, calculate production costs and analyze the efficiency of inorganic rice farming production in the District of Rakit Kulim. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis, farming cost analysis and DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) analysis. The number of samples is 40 inorganic rice farmers. The results showed that the inorganic rice cultivation technique in the District of Rakit Kulim was not in accordance with the recommendations. Incompatibility is caused by the unavailability of technical books for inorganic rice cultivation from the localita specific crop study center. The total cost of producing inorganic rice farming in the District of Rakit Kulim is Rp. 23,622,481, - / Ha. While the average income is Rp. 24,230,168, - / Ha with a net income of 607,687, - / Ha with an RCR value of 1.07. The results of the analysis of production efficiency using DEA show that the proportion of technically efficient farmers is 50% with an average value of 0.946. The proportion of efficient farmers is allocatively relatively small at 32.5% with an average value of 0.975. Economic efficiency is relatively small at 32.5% with an average value of 0.927.

scholarly journals Süt Keçisi Yetiştiren İşletmelerin Ekonomik Sürdürülebilirliği ve Aile Geçimi İçin Sürü Büyüklüğünün Tespiti

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2491-2497
Author(s):  
Duygu Aktürk ◽  
Dilek Arsoy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Study Results

With this study, it is aimed to reveal the effect of economically sustainable dairy goat breeding in order to provide sufficient income. For this purpose, in Çanakkale Province, which has 234.408 thousand head goats, mostly dairy goat breeding, 30 enterprises were selected through proportional sampling to determine the herd size for technical herd analysis and economic sustainability in family subsistence. The parameters obtained are milk yield (2.1 L), herd size (168.21 heads), number of animals milked (82.54 heads), milk marketing rate (96.75%). 52.30% of milk production costs are variable costs and 47.70% are fixed costs. Feed costs have the highest share in total production costs with 43.88%. In the enterprises, 68.34% of the total gross production value obtained from goat breeding is milk, 27.06% is Productive Fixture Increase and 4.60% is fertilizer income. The cost of 1 L milk in the enterprises was calculated as 1.73 TL (USD 0.36), (the average rate of 1 USD in 2018 is 4.81 TL). 1 L of goat milk price is 3 TL (USD 0.62), (Canakkale, Turkey, sales price, 2018) considering; It has been determined that the enterprises make an average profit of 1.27 TL / L per liter (42%). With the calculated parameters, a profit of 602.27 TL (125.21 Dollars) was obtained from only milk sales in a production period from a dairy goat. A family of four the poverty line, according to the Turkey Statistical Institute 2018 poverty study results are reported on a monthly 6609.000 TL. As a result of the research, the average milk yield is 2.10 L, and as a result of the calculation made considering the average milking time of 225 days and the profit obtained from it, the number of milky goats that will meet the poverty line for a family of four was determined as 131 heads.

scholarly journals A Study on Impact of Farmer Producer Organisation on Farmers’ Income in Andhra Prdesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
R. Vedasri ◽  
R. K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽  
The Impact

The present paper gives the information about the impact of Farmer Producer Organisation on farmers income. The data was collected from both the members of FPO and non- members regarding the socio-economic factors and farming details of farmers. Logistic regression which was a binary regression model was used for determining the factors influencing the farmers to join as group members and then ordinary least square regression was estimated to study the impact of FPOs on farmers income by including inverse mills ratio which was calculated in logistic regression model, to remove the selection bias. The results showed that education, distance to market and age are the factors determining the farmers to join as members of FPO. The impact study results showed that group membership, hired labour, crop production area, share of crop sold and market size are the factors that are positively significant and increasing the farmers income.

scholarly journals Effects of Eliminating Pyruvate Node Pathways and of Coexpression of Heterogeneous Carboxylation Enzymes on Succinate Production by Enterobacter aerogenes

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Tajima ◽  
Yoko Yamamoto ◽  
Keita Fukui ◽  
Yousuke Nishio ◽  
Kenichi Hashiguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Succinate Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTLowering the pH in bacterium-based succinate fermentation is considered a feasible approach to reduce total production costs. Newly isolatedEnterobacter aerogenesstrain AJ110637, a rapid carbon source assimilator under weakly acidic (pH 5.0) conditions, was selected as a platform for succinate production. Our previous work showed that the ΔadhE/PCK strain, developed from AJ110637 with inactivated ethanol dehydrogenase and introducedActinobacillus succinogenesphosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK), generated succinate as a major product of anaerobic mixed-acid fermentation from glucose under weakly acidic conditions (pH <6.2). To further improve the production of succinate by the ΔadhE/PCK strain, metabolically engineered strains were designed based on the elimination of pathways that produced undesirable products and the introduction of two carboxylation pathways from phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate to oxaloacetate. The highest production of succinate was observed with strain ES04/PCK+PYC, which had inactivated ethanol, lactate, acetate, and 2,3-butanediol pathways and coexpressed PCK andCorynebacterium glutamicumpyruvate carboxylase (PYC). This strain produced succinate from glucose with over 70% yield (gram per gram) without any measurable formation of ethanol, lactate, or 2,3-butanediol under weakly acidic conditions. The impact of lowering the pH from 7.0 to 5.5 on succinate production in this strain was evaluated under pH-controlled batch culture conditions and showed that the lower pH decreased the succinate titer but increased its yield. These findings can be applied to identify additional engineering targets to increase succinate production.

scholarly journals Gross domestic product and critical infrastructure

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-43
Author(s):  
Volodymy KULYK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Consumer Spending ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Final Consumer

GDP is considered as a critical infrastructure that characterizes the global interaction of consumers and manufacturers of the final product in the national economy. For the analysis and modelling of GDP, the Leontiev model is used to analyze and to model GDP as a critical infrastructure, where costs are interpreted in two ways - as consumer spending and as producer costs. This allows you to determine the degree of their influence on each other through the established production structure. Based on Leontiev's aggregated three-sector model, two scenarios were modelled: a) the impact of final consumer spending on output and the formation of added value and b) the impact of changes in added value on output and final consumer spending. The model includes three sectors – the agricultural sector, industry and service sectors. In the first scenario, the increase in the final consumed product in the agricultural sector by 1000 yen causes an increase in output in the agricultural sector by 1153.5 yen, in industry by 594.4 yen and in the service sector by 358.1 yen. At the same time, total production costs will increase by 1106.0 yen; added value will increase in the agricultural sector by 549.8 yen, in industry – 216.8 yen, in the service sector – 233.4 yen. The volume of production growth can be determined only through the Leontiev model. In the second scenario, an increase in added value in the agricultural sector by 1000 yen brings about an increase in output in the agricultural sector by 1153.5 yen, in industry by 1470.4 yen and in the service sector by 480.7 yen. For both scenarios, the assessment and verification of calculations of GDP growth and output are carried out by the balance method – output and GDP growth is described within the Leontiev model. The three-sectoral model is useful for educational purposes, scientific research; to reach the method in a specific example. The approach can be extended to models of greater dimension and large size.

scholarly journals The effect of biological products and microelement fertilizer ‘Organomix’ on maize productivity in the southern part of the Rostov region

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
S. A. Vasilchenko ◽  
G. V. Metlina ◽  
Yu. V. Laktionov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Yield Structure

The current paper has presented the study results on the effect of biological products and microelement fertilizers ‘Organomix’ on productivity of the maize hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 354MV’ carried out in laboratory for cultivation technologies of row crops (FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”) in 2019–2020. The soil in the experimental plot was favorable for the cultivation of corn, containing 3.36% of humus in the arable layer, 24.4 mg of mobile phosphorus, and 360 mg of exchangeable potassium per 1 kg of soil. The soil pH was 7.0. The study was carried out to estimate the effect of the use of biological products for seed treatment and microelement fertilizers ‘Organomix’ for plant treatment on productivity and economic efficiency of maize cultivation. There was low moisture content of sowings during the period of the trial. There was established an uneven distribution of precipitation, the value of the hydrothermal coefficient was less than 1 (0.64 in 2019 and 0.65 in 2020), which indicated the dryness of the vegetation period. The studied biological products and microelement fertilizers influenced the yield structure elements. The applied biological products and microelement fertilizers ‘Organomix’ improved survival rate of plants before harvesting (the plant density was 4.39–4.54 pcs/m2). There was increase of grain productivity indicators, namely cob weight ranged from 112.9 to 125.7 g, grain weight per ear varied from 94.4 to 104.8 g and 1000-grain weight was 221.2–231.4 g. The improvement of the yield structure elements increased grain productivity on 0.25–0.77 t/ha. Economic efficiency showed that the use of biological products and microelement fertilizers raised the conditional net income to the level of 28 061–34 821 rubles/ha, profitability up to 167.6–201.8% and reduced production costs to 4640–5231 rubles/t.

scholarly journals The Impact of Comprehensive Income on Owners Equity at the Jordanian Commercial Banks, Analytical Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1312-1320
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Al Hayek ◽  
Abdel-Rahman kh. El-Dalabeeh
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Net Income ◽  
The Public ◽  
Comprehensive Income ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Other Comprehensive Income ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed to examine the impact of comprehensive income statement’s items on the owners equity of Jordanian commercial banks, and to achieve this objective researcher conducted an analytical study by adopting the descriptive and analytical approach, and used the statistical method to analyze the study data represented in the actual data, which were taken from the financial statements of the (13) Jordanian commercial banks for the period (2008-2017). The study found a statistically significant impact of comprehensive income statement’s items on the owners equity of Jordanian commercial banks, and in regard to the secondary hypotheses the study results showed nonexistence of statistically significant impact of net income on the owners equity of Jordanian commercial banks, but found a statistically significant impact for each of the other comprehensive income and comprehensive net income on the owners equity of Jordanian commercial banks. One of the main recommendations of the study will be to increase the attention to comprehensive income, due to its impact on the owners equity, and to conduct additional studies about the impact and the relationship of study variables at the public shareholding companies, in other sectors.

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