scholarly journals Silver and Zinc Nanoparticles in Animal Nutrition – A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Bąkowski ◽  
Bożena Kiczorowska ◽  
Wioletta Samolińska ◽  
Renata Klebaniuk ◽  
Antoni Lipiec
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Animal Organism ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe use of metal nanoparticles as supplements of animal diets does not always bring unambiguous results. There are many reports in the literature about the multifaceted effects of this type of supplementation on the animal organism. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to present the current knowledge of the possible application of nanometal forms in animal nutrition and its potential benefits and threats. The positive effect of nanoparticles used as feed additives has most frequently been reflected in an increase in body weight, higher average daily gain, or improvement of the FCR value. In some cases, however, the effect of nanoparticle addition to diets was indiscernible. The potent antibacterial activity of nanoparticles, especially against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, is regarded as a positive effect. In turn, the probability of their toxicity is a potential risk in application thereof. Supplementation of diets with nanometals has been accompanied by pathological changes in animal tissues, primarily in the pancreas, kidney, liver, rumen, abomasum, small intestine, adrenal glands, and brain. Additionally, at the the cellular level, nanoparticles were found to induce toxicity, inflammatory excitation, and cell death. Oral administration of nanoparticles induced a risk of malfunction of the nervous system and even impairment of cognitive processes in animals. The increasing knowledge of the possible toxic effects of nanoparticles on the animal organism suggests caution in their use in animal production and necessitates further precise investigations in this area.

scholarly journals Silver and zinc nanoparticles in animal nutrition – a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Bąkowski ◽  
Bożena Kiczorowska ◽  
Wioletta Samolińska ◽  
Renata Klebaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Animal Organism ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The use of metal nanoparticles as supplements of animal diets does not always bring unambiguous results. There are many reports in the literature about the multifaceted effects of this type of supplementation on the animal organism. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to present the current knowledge of the possible application of nanometal forms in animal nutrition and its potential benefits and threats. The positive effect of nanoparticles used as feed additives has most frequently been reflected in an increase in body weight, higher average daily gain, or improvement of the FCR value. In some cases, however, the effect of nanoparticle addition to diets was indiscernible. The potent antibacterial activity of nanoparticles, especially against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, is regarded as a positive effect. In turn, the probability of their toxicity is a potential risk in application thereof. Supplementation of diets with nanometals has been accompanied by pathological changes in animal tissues, primarily in the pancreas, kidney, liver, rumen, abomasum, small intestine, adrenal glands, and brain. Additionally, at the the cellular level, nanoparticles were found to induce toxicity, inflammatory excitation, and cell death. Oral administration of nanoparticles induced a risk of malfunction of the nervous system and even impairment of cognitive processes in animals. The increasing knowledge of the possible toxic effects of nanoparticles on the animal organism suggests caution in their use in animal production and necessitates further precise investigations in this area.

scholarly journals Potential for application of feed additives encapsulation technology in animal nutrition

Krmiva ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Sara Kolar ◽  
Slaven Jurić ◽  
Kristina Vlahoviček-Kahlina ◽  
Marko Vinceković
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Enhancing Production ◽  
Positive Effect

Demands for higher production and consumer demand for healthier food have encouraged intensive research for alternative animal growth promoters in recent years. Research trends are focused on the development of new products enriched with feed additives to improve animal health and enhancing production. Many of these compounds are unstable in the presence of light, air, water, or high temperatures and need to be protected during processing, storage, and application. By encapsulatied in microparticles, feed additives are protected from harmful external influences, and their stability and functionality are not diminished. Microencapsulation technology is used to protect payload and improve bioavailability by controlled and targeted delivery to the digestive tract. It is particularly suitable for the addition of feed additives in ruminant’s nutrition, because the correct choice of microparticle material allows the release of the feed additives in the small intestine, and not in the rumen. With proper use, microparticle formulations are an effective tool in animal nutrition that delivers nutrients and/or drugs to a specific site at the desired rate. The paper summarizes laboratory studies on the application of microencapsulation technology in feeding ruminants and monogastric animals. Numerous results of the application of encapsulated feed additives have shown a positive effect on animal health, increased productivity without negative effects on the final product, and environmental protection.

scholarly journals PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVES - PERSPECTIVES OF RATIONAL FEEDING OF CALVES

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
V. M. Lytvynenko ◽  
N. I. Yukhymchuk N. I
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Positive Effect

To improve the adaptation of the pancreatic microflora to changes in the diets of calves and for the rational use of feed, in intensive cultivation, it is desirable to change the composition of feed probiotic supplements according to the age of the animals. Each age group of calves responds differently to live weight gain on probiotic feed additives. Feed supplement Immunobacterin-D containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis has a positive effect on natural resistance, increases the average daily gain and has a preventive effect on diseases of the digestive tract of calves. But for 2 months of continuous feeding can cause suppression of natural resistance of some animals. When baker's yeast is added to the feed additive (B. subtilis, B. licheniformis 1 × 1010 CFU / g, Sascharomyces cerevisiae 1 × 109 CFU / g), the dry form of the product makes it possible to feed it with compound feed. The use of immunobacterin-D with yeast in 3-month-old calves in experimental animals in the clinical examination for fatness and coat condition looked better. Calves of the experimental group during this period added in increments of 276 g in the previous month, the arithmetic mean of the average daily gain of live weight was 820 ± 180 g, and in the current 1096 ± 90 g, which indicates a positive effect of yeast (especially live) on the productivity of calves at this age. For studies on heifers in a farm with lower average daily gains in live weight, we received a smaller percentage increase in gains with the use of feed probiotic supplement Immunobacterin-D with baker's yeast. When adding to the feed additives at a dose of 40 g and 20 g to heifers 350–400 kg live weight of the animal had an average daily gain of live weight in the first group of 500 ± 17 g, in the second 440 ± 30 g, and in the control 414 ± 12 g, which is 20.8 and 6.3 % more than in the control group. The use of yeast in feed additives confirms the pattern of increasing the percentage of additional average daily gain. That is, with higher average daily gains, we get a higher percentage of additional growth from feeding a probiotic feed additive containing baker's yeast.

MORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD, RESISTANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PIGS AFTER APPLICATION OF NATURAL FEED ADDITIVES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
L. A. Nikanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

The effectiveness of the use of a complex feed additive consisting of spirulina with the antioxidant dihydroquercetin “Ecostimul-2” in the diet of pigs and its effect on the productivity and clinical and physiological state of animals was studied. Inclusion in the diet of pigs feed additive spirulina at a dose of 3 mg per 1 kg of live weight and dihydroquercetin – 1,5 mg per 1 kg of live weight had a positive effect on the phagocytic activity of blood of animals, which in the experimental group was higher by 3,8% compared to the control, lysozyme activity was higher by 17,9%. The average daily gain in live weight of pigs of the experimental group was 13,3% higher than that in the control group. Animals of the experimental group were less sick and the safety of livestock in this group was 100%, in the control group – 90%.

The effectiveness of use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es when rearing of young pigs

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
S. Grikshas ◽  
N. Kulmakova ◽  
K. Spitsyna ◽  
A. Dar’in ◽  
T. Mittelshtein
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Experimental Group

Mycotoxins have been formed in feed are secondary metabolites of fungi and are quite stable substances that have teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. An effective way to combat mycotoxins in feed is the use of feed additives that adsorb toxins, prevent their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal and are excreted from the body. The infl uence of coconut enterosorbent Shelltic Es on fattening and meat qualities of young pigs has been studied. It has been found in the process of fattening that the highest feed digestibility was in pigs of the experimental group, in the diet of which enterosorbent has been added. The results of studies of the chemical composition and technological properties of pork have been provided. The positive eff ect of enterosorbent on precocity, absolute average daily gain of live weight and reduction of feed expenditures per 1 kg of gain has been revealed. In pigs from the experimental group the average thickness of the fat was higher and the area of the “muscle eye” was lower compared with animals of the control group, which indicates that higher rates of carcass yield have been obtained due to faster accumulation of fat tissue. The weight of internal organs of pigs indicates the intensity of metabolic processes in the body. In experimental animals the weight of the lungs was 0,1 kg lower, and the liver and heart were higher by 0,13 and 0,01 kg, respectively. Enterosorbent had no effect on the content of vitamins in the liver of pigs of the compared groups. The content of impurities of organochlorine toxicants and toxic elements in the meat and liver of animals of the experimental group was lower than that of control analogues. Therefore, the use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es promotes more active excretion of them from the body.

scholarly journals The Potential Utilization of High-Fiber Agricultural By-Products as Monogastric Animal Feed and Feed Additives: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Wen-Yang Chuang ◽  
Li-Jen Lin ◽  
Hsin-Der Shih ◽  
Yih-Min Shy ◽  
Shang-Chang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Health It ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Monogastric Animal ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
By Products

With the increase in world food demand, the output of agricultural by-products has also increased. Agricultural by-products not only contain more than 50% dietary fiber but are also rich in functional metabolites such as polyphenol (including flavonoids), that can promote animal health. The utilization of dietary fibers is closely related to their types and characteristics. Contrary to the traditional cognition that dietary fiber reduces animal growth, it can promote animal growth and maintain intestinal health, and even improve meat quality when added in moderate amounts. In addition, pre-fermenting fiber with probiotics or enzymes in a controlled environment can increase dietary fiber availability. Although the use of fiber has a positive effect on animal health, it is still necessary to pay attention to mycotoxin contamination. In summary, this report collates the fiber characteristics of agricultural by-products and their effects on animal health and evaluates the utilization value of agricultural by-products.

scholarly journals In Vitro Pharmaco-Toxicological Characterization of Melissa officinalis Total Extract Using Oral, Pharynx and Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Lines

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Kristine Guran ◽  
Roxana Buzatu ◽  
Iulia Pinzaru ◽  
Madalina Boruga ◽  
Iasmina Marcovici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Antiangiogenic Effect ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Potential Benefits

Melissa officinalis is a medicinal herb with an extensive pharmacological profile that has been proven to have beneficial effects in oral and gastrointestinal disorders. However, the effects of this plant in oral, pharyngeal, and colorectal malignancies, types of cancer with an increased incidence in recent years, are less investigated. The present study aims to evaluate the pharmacological profile of a Melissa officinalis total extract for potential benefits in oral, pharynx and colorectal carcinoma. The LC-MS profile of MO total extract (MOte) indicated a rich content in polyphenols, data that support the potent antioxidant capacity exhibited and the antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, MOte triggered a dose-dependent and selective decrease in the viability of tumor cells (tongue and pharynx squamous cell carcinomas, and colorectal adenocarcinoma), with the most significant effect being recorded at 100 µg/mL. At the same concentration, MOte exhibited an antiangiogenic effect by inhibiting the process of angiogenesis in ovo. Overall, our findings support the potential benefits of Melissa officinalis leaf total extract as a valuable candidate for the prophylaxis of oral, pharyngeal and colorectal neoplasms.

scholarly journals Heme Oxygenase 1: A Defensive Mediator in Kidney Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2009
Author(s):  
Anne Grunenwald ◽  
Lubka T. Roumenina ◽  
Marie Frimat
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Positive Effect

The incidence of kidney disease is rising, constituting a significant burden on the healthcare system and making identification of new therapeutic targets increasingly urgent. The heme oxygenase (HO) system performs an important function in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation and, via these mechanisms, is thought to play a role in the prevention of non-specific injuries following acute renal failure or resulting from chronic kidney disease. The expression of HO-1 is strongly inducible by a wide range of stimuli in the kidney, consequent to the kidney’s filtration role which means HO-1 is exposed to a wide range of endogenous and exogenous molecules, and it has been shown to be protective in a variety of nephropathological animal models. Interestingly, the positive effect of HO-1 occurs in both hemolysis- and rhabdomyolysis-dominated diseases, where the kidney is extensively exposed to heme (a major HO-1 inducer), as well as in non-heme-dependent diseases such as hypertension, diabetic nephropathy or progression to end-stage renal disease. This highlights the complexity of HO-1’s functions, which is also illustrated by the fact that, despite the abundance of preclinical data, no drug targeting HO-1 has so far been translated into clinical use. The objective of this review is to assess current knowledge relating HO-1’s role in the kidney and its potential interest as a nephroprotection agent. The potential therapeutic openings will be presented, in particular through the identification of clinical trials targeting this enzyme or its products.

scholarly journals Applications of Microwave Energy in Medicine

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Alexandra Gartshore ◽  
Matt Kidd ◽  
Lovleen Tina Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Medical Industry ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Potential Benefits

Microwaves are a highly utilized electromagnetic wave, used across a range of industries including food processing, communications, in the development of novel medical treatments and biosensor diagnostics. Microwaves have known thermal interactions and theorized non-thermal interactions with living matter; however, there is significant debate as to the mechanisms of action behind these interactions and the potential benefits and limitations of their use. This review summarizes the current knowledge surrounding the implementation of microwave technologies within the medical industry.

SELECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS RESULTING FROM ADDITION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE TO DIETS FOR YEARLING HORSES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-751
Author(s):  
N. R. DEUEL ◽  
L. M. LAWRENCE ◽  
W. W. ALBERT
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Protein Levels

Sodium bicarbonate or a commercial vitamin-mineral mixture was included at the 1% level (air-dry weight) in the diets of 16 yearling horses over a 140-day period in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Feed additives resulted in a pH range from 5.78 to 7.87 in the concentrate portion of the diets. Feces, urine and venous blood were collected 24 h after feeding the concentrate. Average daily gain, respiration rate, venous pCO2 and pO2, as well as serum K, Cl, Ca, P, urea N and protein levels were unaffected by treatment. Horses receiving the vitamin-mineral supplement had higher serum Na and lower serum glucose concentrations than horses not receiving the supplement. Horses receiving sodium bicarbonate had a higher urine pH, lower fecal pH, higher packed cell volume, lower blood pH and lower serum glucose concentrations at 24 h after a meal than horses not receiving the buffer. Key words: Horse, sodium bicarbonate, dietary supplements, hematology

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