SELECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS RESULTING FROM ADDITION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE TO DIETS FOR YEARLING HORSES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-751
Author(s):  
N. R. DEUEL ◽  
L. M. LAWRENCE ◽  
W. W. ALBERT
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Protein Levels

Sodium bicarbonate or a commercial vitamin-mineral mixture was included at the 1% level (air-dry weight) in the diets of 16 yearling horses over a 140-day period in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Feed additives resulted in a pH range from 5.78 to 7.87 in the concentrate portion of the diets. Feces, urine and venous blood were collected 24 h after feeding the concentrate. Average daily gain, respiration rate, venous pCO2 and pO2, as well as serum K, Cl, Ca, P, urea N and protein levels were unaffected by treatment. Horses receiving the vitamin-mineral supplement had higher serum Na and lower serum glucose concentrations than horses not receiving the supplement. Horses receiving sodium bicarbonate had a higher urine pH, lower fecal pH, higher packed cell volume, lower blood pH and lower serum glucose concentrations at 24 h after a meal than horses not receiving the buffer. Key words: Horse, sodium bicarbonate, dietary supplements, hematology

The effectiveness of use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es when rearing of young pigs

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
S. Grikshas ◽  
N. Kulmakova ◽  
K. Spitsyna ◽  
A. Dar’in ◽  
T. Mittelshtein
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Experimental Group

Mycotoxins have been formed in feed are secondary metabolites of fungi and are quite stable substances that have teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. An effective way to combat mycotoxins in feed is the use of feed additives that adsorb toxins, prevent their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal and are excreted from the body. The infl uence of coconut enterosorbent Shelltic Es on fattening and meat qualities of young pigs has been studied. It has been found in the process of fattening that the highest feed digestibility was in pigs of the experimental group, in the diet of which enterosorbent has been added. The results of studies of the chemical composition and technological properties of pork have been provided. The positive eff ect of enterosorbent on precocity, absolute average daily gain of live weight and reduction of feed expenditures per 1 kg of gain has been revealed. In pigs from the experimental group the average thickness of the fat was higher and the area of the “muscle eye” was lower compared with animals of the control group, which indicates that higher rates of carcass yield have been obtained due to faster accumulation of fat tissue. The weight of internal organs of pigs indicates the intensity of metabolic processes in the body. In experimental animals the weight of the lungs was 0,1 kg lower, and the liver and heart were higher by 0,13 and 0,01 kg, respectively. Enterosorbent had no effect on the content of vitamins in the liver of pigs of the compared groups. The content of impurities of organochlorine toxicants and toxic elements in the meat and liver of animals of the experimental group was lower than that of control analogues. Therefore, the use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es promotes more active excretion of them from the body.

scholarly journals PSX-7 Effect of varying levels of hempseed meal supplementation on animal performance, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites of growing meat goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 459-460
Author(s):  
Frank W Abrahamsen ◽  
Nar Gurung ◽  
Woubit Abdela ◽  
Gopal Reddy ◽  
Kim Mullenix
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Hempseed meal (HSM) is a byproduct of hemp oil production and is high in crude protein, fiber, and fat, making it a potential feedstuff for ruminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of HSM supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood chemistry profile of growing meat goats. Forty castrated, Boer cross goats were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments (n = 10): control, 10%, 20%, and 30% HSM supplementation. Data collected over a period of a 60-day feeding trial were analyzed utilizing the mixed model analysis function of SYSTAT, version 13. The result revealed total live weight gain decreased with the increasing levels of HSM supplementation 10.75, 9.53, 8.48, and 7.80 kg, for 0, 10, 20, and 30%, respectively. Average daily gain followed the same trend 0.179, 0.159, 0.141, and 0.13 kg, with a significant difference (P < 0.05) observed between the control and 30 % supplementation. Conversely, feed to gain ratio increased with the increasing levels of supplementation 9.0, 10.2, 11.9, 12.2, likewise a significant difference was observed (P < 0.05) between the control and 30% supplementation. Acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, iso-valeric, and iso-butyric acid concentrations as well as the total VFA concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increasing level of supplementation. Acetic to propionic acid ratios increased with increasing level of supplementation 3.43, 4.36, 4.52, and 4.59, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between control-20% and 30% HSM group. Serum glucose concentration decreased with an increasing rate of HSM supplementation while BUN concentration increased with no significant differences. These findings provide new insights into the feeding value of HSM for meat goats; however, further research needs to be conducted to determine the optimal level of supplementation.

scholarly journals 93 Evaluation of the intake and digestibility of ensiled residual material from edamame soybean processing with and without the use of an inoculant

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
Ellen M Herring ◽  
Elizabeth B Kegley ◽  
Ken Coffey ◽  
Shane Gadberry ◽  
Jeremy G Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Soybean Processing ◽  
Silage Inoculant ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This research evaluated the effects of ensiled edamame soybean processing waste on ruminant intake and total tract digestibility. Waste from processing stored edamame was obtained (3 trips) and wilted (28%, 25%, and 37% DM), then treated with or without inoculant (Lactobacillus buchneri) and ensiled in 167 L plastic barrels (2 or 3 barrels/treatment from each trip) for 72 (Trip 1) or 69 (Trip 2 and 3) days. Pregnant ewes (n = 18; body weight = 55.5 ± 1.2 kg; 2 to 3 years old) were blocked by body weight and assigned randomly within a block to treatments within a trip, then each ewe was assigned to a barrel of silage. Ewes were housed individually in 1 × 1.5-m pens and offered silage for a 10-day adaptation period followed by 7 days of total feces and urine collection. Ewes were offered silage to allow for 10% orts and were offered 0.2% of their body weight of soyhulls and 32 g of mineral supplement/day to meet their predicted nutrient requirements for gestating ewes. Ewes consumed 1,616 ± 54 g DM/day (X ± SEM) or 2.9 ± 0.12% of their body weight and there was no effect (P ≥ 0.85) of inoculant treatment on DM intake (g/day or % of body weight). Dry matter digestibility was not affected (P = 0.98) by inoculant and averaged 55.7 ± 0.66%. Ewe average daily gain for the 17-day trial tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for the ewes offered the silage without inoculant (0.18 vs. 0.04 kg/d). Ensiling edamame processing waste yielded a feed that ewes consumed in adequate amounts to maintain their body weights over 17 days when also supplemented with soyhulls. The addition of silage inoculant had minimal effects on intake, digestibility, or ewe body weight change.

scholarly journals Impact of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance, feed intake, and carcass traits of finishing steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1162-1172
Author(s):  
Tassilo Brand ◽  
Martin Hünerberg ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Maolong He ◽  
Atef M Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Finishing Steers

Abstact: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a phytogenic feed additive (Digestarom [DA]; Biomin, Getzersdorf, Austria) on growth performance, feed intake, carcass traits, fatty acid composition, and liver abscesses of finishing steers. One hundred twenty Angus × Charolais crossbred steers (488 ± 26.5 kg) were used in a 110-d feeding experiment. Steers were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to 12 pens with 10 steers per pen. Each pen was allocated to one of three diets. Each diet contained 86.5% barley, 10.0% barley silage, and 3.5% vitamin and mineral supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. The diets contained 0, 0.05, and 0.1 g DA/kg complete diet (DM basis), to achieve average daily DA intakes of 0 (control), 0.5 (LowDA), and 1.0 g (HighDA) per steer. Diets were prepared once daily and provided ad libitum. Two pens per treatment were equipped to record individual feed intake behavior. Steers were weighed every 28 d and carcass traits and liver scores were recorded at slaughter. Dry matter intake (average: 9.34 kg/d) did not differ (P > 0.05) among diets. Average daily gain tended to increase linearly as DA increased (control: 1.82; LowDA: 1.87; and HighDA: 1.95 kg/d; P < 0.09), but gain:feed ratio was not affected. Supplementation of DA affected longissimus muscle area quadratically (P = 0.05) with the largest area observed for LowDA. However, dressing percentage decreased linearly in response to increasing level of DA (P < 0.01). Total abscessed livers were not affected, whereas proportion of severe liver abscesses was numerically lower with DA (30.8% and 42.5% for LowDA and HighDA) compared to the control (50%).

scholarly journals Metabolic Acidosis in Patients with CKD: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Marcin Adamczak ◽  
Stanisław Surma
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Metabolic acidosis in CKD is diagnosed in patients with plasma or venous blood bicarbonate concentration lower than 22 mmol/L. Metabolic acidosis occurs in about 20% of patients with CKD. Metabolic acidosis may lead to dysfunction of many systems and organs as well as CKD progression. Currently, sodium bicarbonate is mainly used for pharmacological treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD. Veverimer is a new drug dedicated to treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD. Orally given veverimer binds hydrogen ions in the intestines and subsequently is excreted from the body with feces. Clinical studies have shown that veverimer is effective in increasing serum bicarbonate concentrations in CKD patients with metabolic acidosis. Here, we present review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of metabolic acidosis in CKD patients. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Metabolic acidosis is common in patients with CKD and contributes to CKD progression and many complications, which worsen the prognosis in these patients. Currently, sodium bicarbonate is mainly used in metabolic acidosis treatment. The role of the new drug veverimer in the metabolic acidosis therapy needs further studies. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> The aim of this review article is to summarize the current knowledge concerning the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of metabolic acidosis in CKD patients.

Comparison of Oral Sodium Bicarbonate and Solifenacin Treatment in Female Overactive Bladder Patients With Acidic Urine pH

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
Mehmet Giray Sönmez ◽  
Gökhan Ecer ◽  
Ahmet Atıcı ◽  
Mehmet Serkan Özkent ◽  
Mehmet Sinan İyisoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Oral Sodium ◽  
Acidic Urine

scholarly journals Effect of colistin and tylosin used as feed additives on the performance, diarrhea incidence, and immune response of nursery pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Mazutti ◽  
Leandro Batista Costa ◽  
Lígia Valéria Nascimento ◽  
Tobias Fernandes Filho ◽  
Breno Castello Branco Beirão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence

For the last several decades, antimicrobial compounds have been used as feed additives to promote piglet growth at weaning, through the prevention of subclinical and clinical disease. However, few studies have assessed the influence of these antibiotics on the immune response of nursery pigs, as well as the relation between performance, health, and immunity of animals that receive feed additives. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of colistin and tylosin when used as feed additives on the performance, incidence of diarrhea, and immune response of nursery pigs. In this study, 72 weaned pigs (average age, 28 days) were allotted into one of three treatment groups: a control group (feed with no antibiotics), tylosin group (feed containing 22 ppm tylosin), and colistin group (feed containing 20 ppm colistin). Weekly, during a five week period, the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of the pigs were evaluated. Stools were scored daily, in accordance with a fecal texture scale. Blood samples were collected on the day of housing (d0) and on d7, d21, d28, and d35 for immune cell phenotyping. The results of this study showed that piglets in both the colistin and tylosin groups exhibited a significantly higher average daily feed intake, resulting in a higher body weight at the end of the experimental period (d35) when compared with piglets from the control group. Colistin and tylosin also significantly reduced the incidence of diarrhea. Colistin and tylosin modulated the piglets’ immune responses, particularly on d28, by changing the percentage of circulating B lymphocytes, CD4+CD8+ T cells, and the CD4:CD8 ratio.

scholarly journals Relation between both oxidative and metabolic-osmotic cell damages and initial injury severity in bombing casualties

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Vuceljic ◽  
Gordana Zunic ◽  
Predrag Romic ◽  
Miodrag Jevtic
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Initial Severity

Background/Aim. We have recently reported the development of oxidative cell damages in bombing casualties within a very early period after the initial injury. The aim of this study, was to investigate malondialdehyde (MDA), as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and osmolal gap (OG), as a good indicator of metabolic cell damages and to assess their relationship with the initial severity of the injury in bombing casualties. Methods. The study included the males (n = 52), injured during the bombing with the Injury Severity Score (ISS) ranging from 3 to 66. The whole group of casualties was devided into a group of less severely (ISS < 25, n = 24) and a group of severely (ISS ? 26, n = 28) injured males. The uninjured volunteers (n = 10) were the controls. Osmolality, MDA, sodium, glucose, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin and total protein levels were measured in the venous blood, sampled daily, within a ten-day period. Results. In both groups of casualties, MDA and OG levels increased, total protein levels decreased, while other parameters were within the control limits. MDA alterations correlated with ISS (r = 0.414, p < 0.01), while a statistically significant correlation between OG and ISS was not obtained. Interestingly, in spite of some differences in MDA and OG trends, at the end of the examined period they were at the similar level in both groups. Conclusion. The initial oxidative damages of the cellular membrane with intracellular metabolic disorders contributed to the gradual development of metabolic-osmotic damages of cells, which, consequently caused the OG increase. In the bombing casualties, oxidative cell damages were dependent on the initial injury severity, while metabolic-osmotic cell damages were not.

scholarly journals Adaptation productive de la race Nélore au ranch Kila République du Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 16204-16212
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Dimorphisme Sexuel ◽  
Sont Respectivement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time ◽  
Difference Effect

Objectif : La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer les paramètres de production des animaux Nélores afin d’améliorer la conduite de ces derniers élevés pour la première fois au Congo. Méthodologie et résultats : Des données portant sur le poids des veaux de la naissance à 7 mois, le gain moyen quotidien des veaux, les poids post sevrages de 12 à 36 mois, les poids moyens et les rendements à l’abattage, ont été collectées sur 40 veaux, 40 vêlles, 80 taurillons, 42 génisses et 78 taureaux. Les animaux ont été nourries d’herbes telles que Bulbostylis laniceps, Trachypogon spicatus, Ctenium newtonii, Hyparrhenia wombaliensis sur pâturages naturel et Panicum massaye, Brachiara brizenta, Brachiara omidicola, Bracharia Laneiro sur pâturages artificiel. Leur alimentation a été supplémentée par le complément minérale azoté vitaminé et complément minéral vitaminé. Les veaux naissent avec un poids 27,97±0,58 kg contre 26,88±0,61 kg pour les vêlles. Les mâles naissent plus lourds que les femelles. Cet effet d’écart de poids s’amplifie jusqu’au 7è mois où l’on enregistre 140,63±1,20 kg et 131,45±3,41 kg respectivement pour les mâles et femelles, le dimorphisme sexuel est bien prononcé. Les gains moyens quotidiens des mâles et femelles de la naissance au sevrage sont respectivement de 536,48g/j et 497,95g/j. Le suivi post sevrage montre que les Nélores mâles et femelles atteignent 171,37±4,78 kg et 158,44±13,11kg à 12 mois. Ce poids est de 349,96±8,82 kg et 289,23±29,16 kg et de 418,97± 25,84 kg et 333,67±33,12 kg respectivement pour les mâles et femelles à 24 et 36 mois. Les animaux sont abattus à l’âge de 60 ± 6,3 mois avec un poids moyen de 484,64±23,4 kg. Le rendement net à l’abattage est de 55,5±18,7%. Conclusion et application des résultats : l’adaptation productive des Nélores aux espèces fourragères du ranch Kila prouve qu’ils s’adaptent bien aux conditions climatiques du Congo et constitue un atout considérable pour le développement de l’élevage bovin au Congo. Mots clés : Adaptation, Productive, Condition climatique, Nélore, Congo ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the production parameters of Nélores animals in order to improve the behavior of the latter reared for the first time in Congo. Methodology and results: Data on the weight of calves from birth to 7 months, average daily gain of calves, post-weaning weights from 12 to 36 months, average weights and slaughter yields were collected. on 40 Dimi Ngatse et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2021 Adaptation productive de la race Nélore au ranch Kila République du Congo 16205 calves, 40 calves, 80 bulls, 42 heifers and 78 bulls. The animals were fed grasses such as Bulbostylis laniceps, Trachypogon spicatus, Ctenium newtonii, Hyparrhenia wombaliensis on natural pastures and Panicum massaye, Brachiara brizenta, Brachiara omidicola, Bracharia Laneiro on artificial pastures. Their diet was supplemented by the vitamin nitrogen mineral supplement and vitamin mineral supplement. Calves are born with a weight of 27.97 ± 0.58 kg against 26.88 ± 0.61 kg for calves. Males are born heavier than females. This weight difference effect is amplified until the 7th month when 140.63 ± 1.20 kg and 131.45 ± 3.41 kg are recorded respectively for males and females, the sexual dimorphism is quite pronounced. . The average daily gains of males and females from birth to weaning are respectively 536.48g / d and 497.95g / d. Post-weaning monitoring shows that male and female Nelores reach 171.37 ± 4.78 kg and 158.44 ± 13.11 kg at 12 months. This weight is 349.96 ± 8.82 kg and 289.23 ± 29.16 kg and 418.97 ± 25.84 kg and 333.67 ± 33.12 kg respectively for males and females at 24 and 36 month. The animals are slaughtered at the age of 60 ± 6.3 months with an average weight of 484.64 ± 23.4 kg. The net slaughter yield is 55.5 ± 18.7%. Conclusion and application of the results: The productive adaptation of the Nelores to the forage species of the Kila ranch proves that they adapt well to the climatic conditions of Congo and constitutes a considerable asset for the development of cattle breeding in Congo. Keywords : Adaptation, Productive, Climatic condition, Nélore, Congo

scholarly journals Impact of Fermentable Protein, by Feeding High Protein Diets, on Microbial Composition, Microbial Catabolic Activity, Gut Health and beyond in Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1735
Author(s):  
Hanlu Zhang ◽  
Nikkie van der Wielen ◽  
Bart van der Hee ◽  
Junjun Wang ◽  
Wouter Hendriks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Catabolic Activity ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

In pigs, high protein diets have been related to post-weaning diarrhoea, which may be due to the production of protein fermentation metabolites that were shown to have harmful effects on the intestinal epithelium in vitro. In this review, we discussed in vivo effects of protein fermentation on the microbial composition and their protein catabolic activity as well as gut and overall health. The reviewed studies applied different dietary protein levels, which was assumed to result in contrasting fermentable protein levels. A general shift to N-utilisation microbial community including potential pathogens was observed, although microbial richness and diversity were not altered in the majority of the studies. Increasing dietary protein levels resulted in higher protein catabolic activity as evidenced by increased concentration of several protein fermentation metabolites like biogenic amines in the digesta of pigs. Moreover, changes in intestinal morphology, permeability and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations were observed and diarrhoea incidence was increased. Nevertheless, higher body weight and average daily gain were observed upon increasing dietary protein level. In conclusion, increasing dietary protein resulted in higher proteolytic fermentation, altered microbial community and intestinal physiology. Supplementing diets with fermentable carbohydrates could be a promising strategy to counteract these effects and should be further investigated.

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