scholarly journals Effect of Complexation Conditions on Microcapsulation of Lactobacillus Casei L61 in Gellan Gum–Chitosan Gels

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Fanbo Meng ◽  
Guowei Shu ◽  
Yunxia He ◽  
Wenhui Li ◽  
Hongxing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Poor Tolerance ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

Abstract Probiotics have many benefits for human intestinal health. However, Probiotics have poor tolerance to gastric acid and bile salts of the stomach. Microencapsulation could confer protection to probiotic against harsh environments effectively. In this experiment, Lactobacillus casei L61 was embedded by extrusion with gellan gum and chitosan as wall material. The viable cells and encapsulation yield of microcapsules were used as the indexes, the optimum values of each factor were determined by a single factor experiment. Chitosan concentration 0.50%, chitosan pH 4.5, gellan gum concentration 1.50%, the volume ratio of bacterial suspension to gellan gum is 1:6, the volume ratio of bacterial gum to chitosan is 1:4, the stirring time is 40min.

scholarly journals Research on Degradation Characteristics of Nonylphenol in Water by Highly Effective Complex Microorganisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 04016
Author(s):  
Juan Ma ◽  
Fang-yan Chen ◽  
Yu-bin Tang ◽  
Xin-gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Aiming at effectively controlling nonylphenol (NP) pollution, three bacterial strains were isolated from activated sludge and landfill leachate, which could grow with nonylphenol as sole carbon and energy source. The three nonylphenol-degrading bacteria isolated were named as WN6, SLY9 and SLY10, respectively. The morphological observation and 16S rDNA identification revealed that the strains belonged to Serratia sp., Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas putida, respectively. WN6 and SLY9 contained ALK gene, while WN6 and SLY10 harbored C12O genes. The three strains were combined together to form complex microorganisms ZJF. The ratio of Serratia sp. to Klebsiella sp. to Pseudomonas putida was 2:1:2 (volume ratio of bacterial suspension). Under the conditions that temperature was 30 ℃, pH was 6, inoculation amount was 10% (volume ratio), initial concentration of NP solutions was 20 mg/L, NP degradation rate by ZJF reached 73.82%, compared with any single strain of the three bacteria, NP degradation rate by ZJF increased more than 15% during 6 days. Bioremediation of nonylphenol-polluted the Yangtze River and the Ancient Canal water by ZJF ware simulated. After a 6-day incubation period, the degrading rate of nonylphenol in Ancient Canal water was close to 80%, and the degrading rate of nonylphenol in Yangtze River water was 72.84%.

scholarly journals Quantification of Viable Cells of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Tomato Seed Using Propidium Monoazide and a Real-Time PCR Assay

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 2225-2232
Author(s):  
A-li Chai ◽  
Hai-yan Ben ◽  
Wei-tao Guo ◽  
Yan-xia Shi ◽  
Xue-wen Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Propidium Monoazide ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Viable Cells

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is a seedborne pathogen that causes bacterial speck disease in tomato. P. syringae pv. tomato is typically detected in tomato seed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) but the inability of qPCR to distinguish between viable and nonviable cells might lead to an overestimation of viable P. syringae pv. tomato cells. In the present study, a strategy involving a propidium monoazide (PMA) pretreatment followed by a qPCR (PMA-qPCR) assay was developed for quantifying viable P. syringae pv. tomato cells in contaminated tomato seed. PMA could selectively bind to the chromosomal DNA of dead bacterial cells and, therefore, block DNA amplification of qPCR. The primer pair Pst3F/Pst3R was designed based on gene hrpZ to specifically amplify and quantify P. syringae pv. tomato by qPCR. The PMA pretreatment protocol was optimized for selectively detecting viable P. syringae pv. tomato cells, and the optimal PMA concentration and light exposure time were 10 μmol liter−1 and 10 min, respectively. In the sensitivity test, the detection limit of PMA-qPCR for detecting viable cells in bacterial suspension and artificially contaminated tomato seed was 102 CFU ml−1 and 11.86 CFU g−1, respectively. For naturally contaminated tomato seed, viable P. syringae pv. tomato cells were quantified in 6 of the 19 samples, with infestation levels of approximately 102 to 104 CFU g−1. The results indicated that the PMA-qPCR assay is a suitable tool for quantifying viable P. syringae pv. tomato cells in tomato seed, which could be useful for avoiding the potential risks of primary inoculum sources from contaminated seed.

scholarly journals Neem (Azadirachta indicaA. Juss) Oil to Tackle EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Del Serrone ◽  
Chiara Toniolo ◽  
Marcello Nicoletti
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Significant Difference

Neem (Azadirachta indicaA. Juss) oil (NO) was assayed against forty-eight isolates ofEscherichia coliby standardised disc diffusion test and microdilution test. By molecular biology characterization, fourteen isolates resulted in diarrheagenicE. coliwith sixteen primer pairs that specifically amplify unique sequences of virulence genes and of 16S rRNA. The NO showed biological activity against all isolates. The bacterial growth inhibition zone by disc diffusion method (100 µL NO) ranged between 9.50 ± 0.70 and 30.00 ± 1.00 mm. The antibacterial activity was furthermore determined at lower NO concentrations (1 : 10–1 : 10,000). The percent of growth reduction ranged between 23.71 ± 1.00 and 99.70 ± 1.53. The highest bacterial growth reduction was 1 : 10 NO concentration with 50 µL of bacterial suspension (ca. 1 × 106 CFU/mL). There is significant difference between the antibacterial activities against pathogenic and nonpathogenicE. coli, as well as NO and ciprofloxacin activities. Viable cells after the different NO concentration treatments were checked by molecular biology assay using PMA dye. On the basis of the obtained results, NO counteractsE. coliand also influences the virulence ofE. coliviable cells after NO treatment. The NO metabolomic composition was obtained using fingerprint HPTLC.

Study on the Adsorption Capacity of Chitosan Coated Bentonite for Acid Blue Dye

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 1123-1127
Author(s):  
Hong Shao ◽  
Ying Chun Song ◽  
Di Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Deacetylation Degree ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Microwave Time ◽  
Acid Blue ◽  
Single Factor Experiment ◽  
Solution Volume

Chitosan coated bentonite (CCB) was prepared by microwave irridiation, original bentonite as raw materials and chitosan as modifier. The adsorption performance in acid scarlet dye solution was discussed. Firstly the optimum adsorption conditions: concentration of chitosan of 35 g/L, bentonite quality and chitosan solution volume rate of 0.7(g/L), microwave time of 17 min, infilltration time of 50 min, deacetylation degree of chitosan of 85%, soil particle size of 15 mm, pH of 5, dosage of CCB of 20 g/g, stirring speed of 300 r/min, centrifugal time of 15 min, and stirring time of 35 min, were investigated by single factor experiment. And the maximum adsorption rate reached to 96.2%. Subsquently, all the effect tendencies of the physicochemical parameters of the preparation and adsorption were studied on the optium experimental condition, which would provide reference data for the subsequent pilot test. The results suggested that CCB was a promising sorbent to remove organic contaminants and might be utilized to purify water contaminated by organic compounds.

scholarly journals Removal of Ibuprofen at Low Concentration Using a Newly Formulated Emulsion Liquid Membrane

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Abdul Latif Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Hazarel Zairy Mohd Harun ◽  
Mohd Khairul Akmal Jasni ◽  
Nur Dina Zaulkiflee
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Stirring Time

Ibuprofen (IBP) is a pharmaceutical product that is widely prescribed as an over-the-counter painkiller. It has been classified as a contaminant of emerging concern (CEC) that has received global attention in the search for a better wastewater separation technology. The emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is one of the potential solutions for IBP removal from wastewater owing to its advantages, such as the ability to remove a highly soluble solute, energy efficient and tuneable formulation. To develop this ELM, a series of parameters such as stirring speed, emulsification time, organic to internal phase volume ratio (O/I), internal phase concentration, carrier concentration and surfactant concentration were studied. The extraction was carried out for 15 min stirring time and the concentration of IBP in the feed phase was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optimum formulation for the ELM was found at 300 rpm stirring speed, 20 min emulsification time, 3:1 of O/I, 0.1 M ammonia, NH3 (stripping agent), 6 wt% trioctylamine, TOA (carrier) and 2 wt% sorbitan monooleate, Span 80 (non-ionic surfactant). IBP removal of 89% was achieved at the optimum parameters of ELM. The current research demonstrated that a newly formulated ELM has great potential in removing a low concentration IBP from wastewater.

scholarly journals Enhanced survival of spray-dried microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei in the presence of mix-prebiotic

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Dong My Lieu ◽  
Hoai Van Bui ◽  
Huong Thuy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Spray Dry ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Dry Conditions

In this study, the effect of Galactooligosaccharide (GOS) (0% và 2% w/v) on microencapsulated L.casei in whey protein 10% (w/v) and maltodextrin 5% (w/v) by spray dry method were investigated. The physical characterization included analysis of morphology, particle size. The viable cell counts of the microcapsule were determined during storage for 50 days at 10oC and in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and intestinal fluid (SIF). All microcapsules with (WMG sample) or without GOS (WM sample) in this study showed similar morphology and particle size, between 3 to 11µm. There no differences between WMG and WM sample in cell viability were observed. For spray dry conditions tested in this work the cell viable yield with WM sample about 86.14% whereas for WMG sample about 86.78%. The viability of the microcapsules in WMG and WM were reduced about 0.44 and 0.63 log(CFU/g), respectively and remained > 6 log(CFU/g) after 2 hour in SGF or 4 hour in SIF incubating. Microcapsules made by spray dry method with whey protein 10% (w/v) and maltodextrin 5% (w/v) as encapsulating which enhancing L.casei survival, maltodextrin’s role not only as a wall material in microencapsulation but also as a prebiotic potential, eventually leading to added GOS was not necessary.

scholarly journals PKM Pemanfaatan Sekam Padi Sebagai Alternatif Campuran Material Dinding Ringan Untuk Mendukung Hunian Tahan Gempa di Kota Palu

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Tunas ◽  
Asrafil Asrafil ◽  
Ni Made Suwitri Parwati
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Structural Walls ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
Central Sulawesi

The involvement and empowerment of communities affected by the September 28, 2018 Palu Earthquake in their home areas is an opportunity that can be taken to contribute to residential reconstruction. Currently, the rehabilitation and construction of housing requires a lot of materials that support earthquake-resistant buildings, one of which is construction materials for the walls of houses or dwellings that have light weights such as light bricks, which are mostly supplied from outside the Central Sulawesi area. For this purpose, this paper presents the results of the implementation of the Community Partnership Program (PKM) in disaster-affected communities by utilizing rice husks as light brick materials. Implementation of the program begins with socialization to prospective participants and continues with the work and testing of light brick samples, training to make lightweight bricks, monitoring and evaluation. The test results show that light brick made of a mixture of cement, husk and sand (Type II) with a volume ratio of 1:1.5:4.5 still meets the requirements as a house wall material and it is included in Quality Level III (SNI 03-0349-1989) for the use of unprotected non-structural walls, may be exposed to rain and heat with an average compressive strength of 35 kg/cm2. This type II brick is then recommended as a wall material, where this type provides a weight reduction of 54.85% from the weight of conventional bricks. A review of the results of program implementation shows that the affected communities represented by 50 respondents gave a fairly good perception of the acceptance of light bricks as wall material with a score of 3.70 of 5. Evaluation of the program showed that 80% of all respondents stated that they were skilled at making light bricks. and they will develop these material to support the reconstruction of housing in Palu

scholarly journals The Use of Fish Waste Based Organic Fertilizer to Improve the Growth of Balinese Red Rice (Oryza Sativa L Cv. Barak Cenana)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Dewa Gede Cahyadi Kusuma ◽  
Ni Luh Suriani ◽  
Yan Ramona
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
And Control

In recent years, wastes have been reprocessed into useful products, such as organic fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizers in farming practices can produce agricultural products that are safe for human health and the environment. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of liquid organic fertilizer made from fish waste on the growth of Bali red rice seedlings. A Complete Randomized Design (CRD) consisted of 8 treatments with 5 replications was applied in this experiment. These included immersing of rice seeds in fish waste fertilizer with concentrations of 0.5% = P1, 1% = P2, 1.5% = P3, 2% = P4, 2.5% = P5 and 3% = P6 with volume/volume ratio (v/v), prior to soaking. Rice seeds without immersion in this fertilizer (C0) and those immersed in PGPR bacterial suspension only (C1) served as nil control and control treatments, respectively. The results showed that the application of 2.5% fish waste fertilizer produced the highest results, following measurement of parameters, including the percentage of germination (88.18%), plant height (28.78 cm), and root length (20, 74 cm) on day 15 after sowing.

scholarly journals Thermostability of Probiotics and Their α-Galactosidases and the Potential for Bean Products

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Claude P. Champagne ◽  
Byong H. Lee ◽  
Joyce I. Boye ◽  
Michel Casgrain
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Galactosidase Activity ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Frozen Foods ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Food Matrices ◽  
The Stability

Soybeans and other pulses contain oligosaccharides which may cause intestinal disturbances such as flatulence. This study was undertaken to investigate α-galactosidase-producing probiotics added to frozen foods which can survive warming treatments used in thawing and consumption of the pulses. The maximum α-galactosidase activity (1.26 U/mg protein) was found in Bifidobacterium breve S46. Lactobacillus casei had the highest α-galactosidase thermostability among the various strains, with D values of 35, 29, and 9.3 minutes at 50°C, 55°C, and 60°C, respectively. The enzyme activity was less affected than viable cells by heating. However, the D values of two bacterial enzymes were lower than those of three commercial α-galactosidase-containing products. Freshly grown cells and their enzymes were more stable than the rehydrated cultures and their enzymes. Practical Application. Enzymes and cultures can be added to foods in order to enhance the digestibility of carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract. However since many foods are warmed, it is important that the thermostability of the enzymes be assessed. This paper provides data on the stability of α-galactosidase, which could potentially be added to food matrices containing stachyose or raffinose, such as beans.

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